upon different, by the acids, constitution of some, 270 Le Neve Foster, C., Henwoodite, Magnetism on surface of mag- Naphthalin-dinitro (a and B) de- nets, distribution of, 217 Meteoric iron, arragonite on the pyrophyllite at Brooi wood, and Magnets, circular, Duchemin's surface of a, 87 Naphthylamin, aniline, phenol, new mineral localities in De. compass with, 250 distribntion of magnetism on Meteorite, arragonite observed trolysis of the derivatives of, Leaves, fruits, and flowers of cer- surface of, 217 solid compounds of carbon in, amination of Stains" (review), for Chemical Students" (re- Malesci, M., and P. Chiappe, pre- 153 paring the iodides of potas- Meteor, remarkable, 247 "Nature, Constants of" (review), I.edieu, A., study of the radiome. sium and sodium, and the Methyl-alcohol and dimethyl. 142 "Nature, Mysteries of, and Dis- Lévy, A. M., origin of eruptive chemistry in University of black, 184 Liebermann, C., and M. Wald- Virginia, 147, 168, 179, 190 bonic acid, air, and hydrogen, stein, emodin from the bark Manetti, L., and G. Muso, salicy- Michael, A., and Norton, T. H., lic acid in the milk trade, 142 preparation and properties of insoluble carbonates by sul. constitution of oxythymo Manganese ore, analyses of ox- iri-jodo-resorcin, 270 Michel, R. F., inconvenience of copper wire ropes as lightning Light and heat, modifications of reaction of chromic acid with elæomargaric acid produced salts formed by the peroxide of, Michigan, University of, 27 Mignon and Rouart, MM., extrac- Nietski, R., aniline-black, 174 Manganic oxide, determination tion of juice of sugar-cane by Lighthouses, visibility of with Nickel, a meteoric iron rich in, "Manure, Bone, Presence of Ar- "Migration" and syphonment of 238 Lighting by products from resin- Milan-Nevole, M., new butylic separating, 255 Manzoni, C. S., reagents on the glycol, 63 effect of during the storm of principal organic colouring Milk trade, salicylic acid in, 142 metallic, extracted from the ores Millet, A., and Curie, J., com- of in the departments of a reagent in the analysis of chloridc, 206 Nicol, N.C., anthracen in coal. Ardennes and La Meuse, 21 colours fixed upon tissues, 154 Milne, J.M.,presence of arsenic in tar, 94 induence of salts of on sacchari. Margaric chlorides and its deriva- vapours of bone manure, 132 Nilson, L. F., plato nitrates and acid, normal oxy-pyro-tartaric (review), 6 Lippmann, G., various theories acid, and the isomery of the Mines, coal, fire damp in, ito to which the radiometer has pyro-citric acids, 284 Martin, A., "Hunyadi János, Na- Mineral analyses, 141 Liquids, mutual solution of, 284 tural Mineral Water" (re- phosphates in Nitrogen, free, absorption of, by determination of by means of “ Massachusetts Institute of Technology" (review), 141 nickel, from New Caledonia, 193 by the proximate principles of Massachusetts, Report of State phosphates and superphosphate Liversidge, A.," Disease of Sugar. Board of Health” (review), Minerals, American vanadium,78 Lixiviation, manufacture of soda Matthews, G. C., and W. R. examination of Chilian, 134 from seaweed by endosmotic, Hodgkinson, cxidised pro- Mineralogical notices, 71 duct formed during reduction Miquel, P., stains produced by Nitrous acid upon acetanilide, Lewe, J., quercitrin and querce- of stannic ethide to stannous sulphocyanic acid, 250 Mitchell, H. w., note on litmus, Nolting, E., constitution of the Loiseau, D., combustion of or- Maumenė, E., alcoholometric me- 1.40 ganic matters Norton, T. H., and Michael, A., preparation and properties of London University, 206, 251, 268 Meadows, B., "Errors of Homæo- Moriggia, A., natural poisonous nature of the human corpse, | OATMEAL, barley in, 194 144 Morton, A., thallene, 188 Odling, W.,“ Practical Chemistry for the Use of Medical Stu- method for ascertaining ex- view), 19 contained in crude anthracen, ores in Spain, 72 Meister, Lucius, and Brüning's Moutchal, M., De Ruoiz, H., and fatty, action of upon metallic Luminous flames, theory of, 152, method for ascertaining an- De Fontenay, M.,applications Olivenite, pharmacosiderite, and Lunge, G., apparatus for making Meldola, R., the Chemical So- phosphor-bronze, 217 chlorate of potash, 151, 139 ciety, 7. Lupton, S., oxides of potassium, Melsens, M., reactions of chlo. O'Neill, C., " Textile Colourist" rine under influence of porous action of water and saline solu- Orchil, extract and paste, manu. Mercuric cyanide, action of phos. Müller, H., “Vegetable Fibre MACHATTIE, A, T., presence phine on, 167 and its Preparation for Indus- "Ores, Treatuient of " (review), of arsenic in the vapours of and arsenic, 167 Mercury in the Cevennes, 40 Müntz, A., influence of certain Organic bodies, metallisation of Madder, extract of, and artificial Mermet, M. A., alkaline sulpho- alizarin, distinctive reaction carbonates, 94 Metachromatism, colour- Muso, G., and Manetti, L., sali- colouring matters, reagents on, "Madras Government, Public change, 75 cylic acid in the milk trade, 144 Works Department” (review), Metallic copper, action of fatty 142 Muter, J., Prof. Dittmar and the dust in the atmosphere, 93 Magenta in wines, detection of, nickel extracted from ores of "Mysteries of Nature aad Dis. nitrogen by, 9 coveries of Science" (review), Magnesium, electro-chemical de. of under the "Magnetic and Electrical Mea- Metallisation of organic bodies to Mwyndy mines, oxide of iron en- oxygen substances, action o certain filters on, 4, II, 24 alvanic ts, 9 determination of free nitrogen 227 other, 35 n, 205 or 1 {XS, Organisms, animal, action of the Phipson, T. L., analyses of man. Potassium and sodium iodidcs of turpentines and homologues gnese oxides, 39 bromide of potassiuin, pre- Residual gas, influence of Ostwald, W., action of mass of determination of manganic cyanide of, action or upon halo- meter, 23 genated compounds, 218 Rhamnus frangula, emoden from Owens College, new scholarship " Leiters on Mysteries of Na. acid, air, and pure hydrogen, " Rhenish - Westphalian Royal Oxide, manganic, determination Science" (review), 247 estimation of as acid tartrate, gramme for 1876-77' (re- metallic dust in the atmosphere, 231, 242, 249 Oxides, manganese, analyses of, Rhodein, a new reaction of aniline, on tripolite of Barbadoes, ios new reagent for, 216 Phoenix Minc, nów mineral from, Oxygen and heat, combustion of Potter, E.C., organic and mine- Rich, S. W., "Analysts' Annual action of on mercuric cyanide, ral phosphates in manure, 154 Pouchei, G., determination of Richards, R. H., improved form Ozone, formation of by the con- reducing action of, 14 tact of plants with peroxide Phosphates, mineral, and super- Prinvault, M., Persian red, 10 Riche, A., and c. Bardy, com- Proctor, B. S., etleet of flexibility mercial analysis thermic, formation of, 8, 93 organic and mineral in manure, on the working of chemical sugars, 40 Richter, O., chemical constitution Phosphites, composition of, 272 Prunier, L., researches on quer- PALLADIUM, action of in an 203 searches on the action of ani. Phosphor bronze and phosphide Public Analysts, salaries of, 20 line introduced into the blood electro-chemical deposits of, of copper, applications of, 217 Phosphorous pentafluon ide, 153 Puiseux, Jamin, and E. Becque- Ramer, H., and E. Schunck, an. Phthalic acid with the phenols, rel, MM., report of memoirs by thraslavic and iso-anthraflavic Para-tolyi-phenylketone, deriva- 206 Allard relating to the trans- acids, 173 parence of flames and atmo- anthrapurpurin and flavo. Phthaleins of tertiary aromatic spheres and the visibility of purpurin, 131 Paraldoi, 82 bases, 370 lichthouses with flashing Roscoelite, 46 Pasteur, L., alteration of urinc, Physical and chemical properties Rosenstiehl, A., anthraflavon, and and J. Joubert, fermentation Physico-chemical forces on phe- Purpurin, 10. manufacture of artificial alı- Puchot, E., iodine as a reagent origin of organic ferments, 9 Physics and gcology, 154 Paten, E., and G. Brisy, on review of, 51 Pyrites, gold in, determination of, Rosetti, F., the radiometer, 143 Pictet, R, freezing machines 94, 132, 152, 172 Ross, W A., blow pipe analysis of Paterson, G., analysis of ison de. with sulphurous acid, 52 D-lines spectra flame examined Pavloff, D., ethyl-isopropyl-ke- Pine, extraction of vanillin Devon and Cornwall, 10 tone, 254 1rom sap of, 141 Pyrotartaric acid, normal deriva- thermochromatism, or heat co- tives of, 32 louration, 108 Pyrotechny, coloured fires used Rotatory power of cane-sugar, Pecile, D., presence of guanin in Pisani, F., mineralogical notices, Pellet, H., dererinination of sul- sulpho-antimoniuret of lead phuric acid and soluble sul. found at Arnsberg, 206 phates by means of standard Planté, G., bead lightning, 134 “QUALITATIVE Analysis, Routledge, R., "Science in Sport Appendix Tables to w. and P. Champion, determina. (review), 259 Rowan, F. J. analysis of water ganic substances, 205 of River Hooghly, 84 Quartz and calcite, oxide of iron equivalent sub titution in ani. formation of ozone by the con- Peligot, E., action of boric acid Programme for 1876-77" (re- and alkaline boratcs upon Plaster casts, prize for hardening, Quercetin and quercitrin, 184 Pendulum, compensating, new Plastic sulphur, 63 Rugheimer, L., and W. Staedel, Platinum combustion tubes, 67,81 Pepper and its adulterations, 154 Plato-nitrates and diplato-ni- chlor-acetyl-benzol, 270 RADAU, R., review of physics, Ruthenium, physical and che- " Platter and Cup" (review), 168 Association, 101 219, 229, 241, 253, 263 30, 31, 32, 40, 51, 63, 83, 143, SACCHARImeter or polari- Petit and Dulong, law of, 9, 21 Pettengill, J., organisation among Polarimeter or saccharimeter, 284 experimental contributions to Saccharimetry, influence of cer- tain salts of lime on, 9 Saccharine matter contained in rous vibrations on, 133 the petals of flowers, 272 Saccharose, transformation of into reductive sugar during sun's, industrial application of, refining, 71 Salet, G., experiments with the piro-tartaric acid, 32 theory of spectral rays, 195 Salicylic acid in the milk trade, Redmond, D.D., prize for harden- Saline solutions and water, action Reds from artificial alızarin and of upon lead, 223, 234 pink liquors in manufacture of, extract of madder, distinctive Salt, preserva.ion of iron from reaction betwcen, 184 action of, 174 tives of, 270 theory of scurry', 268 Reductive sugar, transformation siap directly liom, 143 Phenyl-sulphate hydrogen and its Potassa, decomposition of formi. of saccharose into during re- Salis formed by perexide of man- ganese, 8 and pure liydrogen, 92 Redwood T., Society of Public metaliic, high melting pointi, with svecial referene to those tection and determination of, Reid, W.C., mineral phosphates of, 231 and superphosphate oi lime, sulpho-urea with, 217 substitution, 11 qualitative detection of, 122, 216 4, 55 of bismuth, certain new, 119 206 of, 9 W., 201 CHEMICAL NEWS, } Index. 291 and properties of, 270 determination of lithium by | Tripolite, 133 means of the, 94, 122 of Barbadoes, ros tions of by means of the cases, how to Avoid" (review), digo by hydro-sulphurous acid sible repulsive power of the, Spirgatis, H., arsenic in ancient Turkey-red, chemical and histori- bronzes, 41 calsn vey of, 196 Soldiani, A., detection and deter- Swine, guanin in the urine of, 206 Turner, M., estimation of urea, 202 (review), 259 Turpentine and homologues Solutions, standard, determin i. “Sydney City and Suburban phenol, action or upon animal organisms, 270 Typke, P. G. W., new nicicl Synthesis and analysis by the mineral from New Caledonia, 193 of allantoin, 51 Troschke, H., and G. Kræmer, 203 Syphonment and migration oi methyl alcohol and dimethyl- gases, 134 accial: alkehyds and keton s action of present in woud-spirit, 271 chlor-acetyl-benzol, 270 Standard solutions determination TANNIN, determination of, 250 ULTRAMARINE, 163, 196 the Advancement of, 22, 122 Stanford, E. C. C., distillation of Tar, coal, anthracen in. 94 University laboratory of Graz, 153 seaweed, 237 Taylor, M.,cohesion and capillary of London, 10, 52, 73, 94, 200 view), :51 Moscow, 163 University of Tokio, Calendar during the reduction of, 203 Teller, A., and Guignet, L., che. for 1875" (review), 70 water of the Bay of Rio de bonate of soda at 100°, 152 Urea, estimation of, 282 Tellurous acid, action of Urcas, sulphuretted, 92 Urine, alteration of, 110 growth of potatoes, 155 of swine, guanin in the, 205 tion, 238 thermo. macosiderite, scorodite, and chromatism, 132 ments with the radiometer,201 Tcrreil, A., law of Dulung nd in manufacture of aniline-black, 92 Tertiary aromatic bascs, phtha- m ca, 46 Teins of, 270 mincrals, American, 73 Tetramethyl-ammonium, ferro. Vanilin fiom sap oi pine, 144 cyanide of, 217 Vegetable Fibic, and its Prepa- (review), 181 Thallium, preparation of, 250 Velden, R. V. D., and E. Bau- mann, action of the turpen- tines upon animal organisms, 270 potassium, 94 glycemia, 109 "Ventilation of Hall of Repre. of Capitol of the United some of its compounds, 134 Versmann, F., anthracene pro- determination of by means Matders, Socialand Political" testing, 177, 191, 201 (review), 6 Villier, A, margaric chloride and presence of nitrates in the its derivatives, 235 water of the Thames, 82 Virginia, University of, practical lead "Purification of Water and chemistry in the, 147, 168, 179, Other Things" (review), 19 ISO Sulpho-carbonates, alkaline, 94 Thomson, W., action of latty oils Vitreous and crystalline origin of 200), 213 Vivian, W., oxide of iron enclosed Mwyndy Mincs, 10 271 Thorpe, T. E,, phosphorus penta- 217 WAGNER, J., distinctive re- ments of apparatus for appli. quality of the Metropolitan artificial alizarin and extract of madder, 18.4 carbonates by, 51 astringent substances, new pro- in pepsin, 18.4 Waldenstein, M. E.,and C.Lieber- presence of bisulphate of "Tokio, University of, Calendar mann, emodin from the bark for 1675" (review), 70 of the Rhamnus frangula, 271 Tolyl-butylen, synthesis of, 271 benzhydroxamic-ethylester, 41 Ticoul, A., cffect of lightning Wallace, W., tripolite, 133 during the storm« f August 18, Walsh and Jones's decomposing- furnace, discussion on, 27 245, 261 Tréve and Duras ier, MM, dis- Wanklyn, J. A., action of certain uibution of magneti! 11 kinds of inteis on organic sub tance., 4, 11, dynamo-magoclic phenomc- and E. T. Chapman, “ Water Analysis" (revicw), 20+ etching action pr. duced upon Piut. Dittmar and the Ara. Society of Public Analysts, 226 Tribe, A., th- Chemical Sucitly, 7 Thu Chemikal Society, 7 Wartha, V., litmus, 184 Tri-iodide, potassium, 222 Water, "action of mass " of, 184 on W., on 200 eorn 92 292 Index. 92 Witt, O., phenylen-diamin, 256 manufacture of aniline-black, facture of chlorine, 70 Wöhler, F., action of palladium tones present in, 271 Winckler, M., tuming sulphuric Woodcock, R, C., analysis of acid, 154 superphosphates, &c., 221 view), 90 Wright, C.R.A., alkaloids of the aconites, 222 of, 152 paraldol, an isomeric modifica- tion of aldol, 83 magenta in, 51, 272 colouring matters in, 238 z! ENONI, E., and T. Brugna- and of in carbonic acid, air, and pure hydrogen, 92 rides of sulpho-para-bromo- benzoic acid, 271 hydrogen in presence of bi- sulphate of potassium, 94 phuric acid upon hydroben- 270 isophthalic acid, 270 270 termination of hydrogen, 163 Τ THE CHEMICAL NEWS. VOLUME XXXIV. EDITED BY WILLIAM CROOKES, F.R.S., &c. No. 8676-JULY 7, 1876. 6 6 THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY, meeting is intended that which is now commonly called an 'ordinary' meeting. The term 'ordinary meeting' We referred last week to the fact that nine years ago there strictly means regular or customary meeting: a general existed a similar state of affairs at the Chemical Society meeting means one public or common to the whole of the to that now existing. So precisely parallel are the two Fellows. Custom has sanctioned the omission of the cases that the remarks we then made in this journal word general'as qualifying the ordinary meetings, but respecting the Charter and Bye-Laws of the Society are, it is still retained in Bye-law, which speaks of an extrawe think, equally applicable to the present case. We ordinary general meeting, which, logically and gramtherefore reproduce this article in the hope that a more matically, can only mean a general meeting held extra, or careful consideration of the Charter and Bye-Laws will in addition, to the ordinary bi-monthly meetings. lead to the adoption of such measures as will render the “The term 'general meeting' occurs several times in recurrence of such disputes impossible. the Charter, but nowhere do we find the terms 'ordi“On his admission, each Fellow received the regulations nary' and 'anniversary' meetings. When, however, of the Society, together with sundry other formal documents; we refer to the regulations of other learned societies, no but we venture to say that not many looked at them a longer can there be any doubt as to the meaning of the second time, and few will now be able to lay hands on a term 'general' meeting. In the Charter of the Royal copy of the Charter and Rye-laws, to which we now pro- Society no mention is made of meetings of the members, pose to direct attention. When everything is going on ordinary, extraordinary, or general. But in the Charter smoothly the laws and regnlations of the Society are of the Zoological Society the term general' meeting dormant. is used in a sense applicable only to ordinary meetings; "It now appears that for many years the Society has and in the Bye-laws the monthly meetings of the Society been acting contrary to the Charter in electing Fellows, are invariably spoken of as general meetings,' or honorary and foreign Members, and Associates, accord-ordinary general meetings.' In the Charters of the ing to the existing Bye-laws. Linnæan and Geological Societies likewise the term * By the third paragraph of the Charter of Incorpora-general meeting' is used to express the ordinary meet. tion, granted to the Society in 1848, it is declared- ings of the members, and in the Bye-laws these are in "That at all General Meetings and meetings of the variably termed .general' meetings; the oth section of Council the majority present and having a right to vote general meetings to be held by the Society shall be of the rules of the latter Society, in fact, state that the thereat respectively shall decide upon the matters pro three kinds :- 1. Annual ; 2. Special ; 3. Ordinary.' pounded at such meetings.' It cannot, therefore, be doubted that the term ' general' “ Again, the concluding paragraph of the Charter meeting in the third paragraph of the Charter of the declares Chemical Society means the same as the term ordinary' "That no resolution or bye-law shall, on any account meeting does in the Bye-laws. or pretence whatsoever, be made by the said body politic “No one, we imagine, will dispute that the election of and corporate in opposition to the general scope, true in. Fellows is a 'matter propounded' at a meeting upon tent and meaning of this our Charter; and that if any such which the majority present' are to decide. On the rule or bye-law shall be made, the same shall be absolutely contrary, the question as to whether a candidate is to be null and void to all intents, effects, constructions, and pur- admitted to the Fellowship of the Chemical Society is poses whatsoever.' a very important matter propounded to those present who “ Now, it is very evident that the Bye-law, making the have a right to vote, and the question, above all others, election of a candidate depend upon the votes of three which should be carried by a numerical majority. fourth of the Fellows present, is in direct contravention “ In strict logical interpretation, therefore, those candito the “true intent and meaning” of the first-quoted dates who were blackballed at the recent meetings of paragraph of the Charter; and therefore such Bye-law is, the Society were excluded from the Fellowship in error. according to the terms of the second citation from the A numerical majority of voters were in favour of their Charter, absolutely null and void to all intents, effects, admission, and at the present time the blackballees are constructions, and purposes whatsoever.' as strictly entitled to the letters F.C.S. as are any of the “But it may be argued that the third paragraph of the blackballers. Charter refers only to anniversary meetings or extra- “We confess we see only one course to be pursued in ordinary meetings of the Society. An attentive exami: respect to the Bye-laws which remit the decision on such nation will, however, show that by the term 'general'' important matters as the election or removal of Fellows 6 |