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grow in moist grounds; for that maketh the timber
tough, and not apt to rift with ordnance.
Bacon's Natural History.

Either tropick

The

for communication with the interior. average number of vessels arriving yearly at Riga, is between 700 and 800; the computed value of the exports £1,000,000 ster

'Gan thunder, and both ends of heaven; the clouds ling, of which fully the half are sent to British From many a horrid rift abortive poured Fierce rain, with lightning mixt.

Milton.

At sight of him the people with a shout
Rifted the air.
Id. Agonistes.
Some pick out bullets from the vessels' sides,
Some drive old oakum through each seam and rift.
Dryden.
Pope's Messiah.

On rifted rocks, the dragon's late abodes,
The green reed trembles.

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RIG, v. a. From rig or ridge, the back. RIGGING, n. s. To dress; accoutre; fit with tackle the tackle of a ship: cloaths are proverbially said to be for the back, and victuals for the belly.' Johnson.

My minde for Egypt stoode;

When nine faire ships I rigged forth for the flood.

He bids them rig the fleet.
To plow the deep,

Chapman.
Denham.

To make fit rigging, or to build a ship. Creech.
He, like a foolish pilot, hath shipwrecked
My vessel gloriously rigged.
Milton's Agonistes.
His battered rigging their whole war receives,
All bare, like some old oak with tempests beat,
He stands, and sees below his scattered leaves.

ports. The manufactures are insignificant, being confined to starch, sugar, and small articles. The imports, if not equal in value to the exports, are more varied, comprising groceries, printed cottons, woollens, silk, and wine, baysalt and fish. Bay salt, imported chiefly from Spain, is sent up the Dwina. In respect to religion, the majority are Lutherans, or members of the Greek church. There is here a lyceum or academy; a high school, with a provision for maintaining and educating poor children; a public library, a cabinet of natural history, and a literary society, all recently formed. Riga has suffered much both by fire and sieges.

The GULF of RIGA is a considerable bay of the Baltic, between Courland, Livonia, and Esthonia. It is also called the Gulf of Livonia.

RIGALTIUS (Nicolas), an ingenious French author, the son of a physician, born in Paris, 1577. He was educated among the Jesuits. His first work, Funus Parasiticum, printed in 1596, procured him the friendship of Thans, who, when he died in 1617, appointed him a tutor to his children. Dryden. He was appointed to arrange the royal library along with Isaac Casaubon, whom he succeeded as librarian. He was next made procureur-general of the supreme court of Nancy, counsellor of the parliament of Metz, and intendant of that province. He wrote his critical notes upon Cyprian and Tertullian. many learned works, but is chiefly valued for He died in 1654.

Jack was rigged out in his gold and silver lace, with a feather in his cap; and a pretty figure he made L'Estrange.

in the world.

The sinner shall set forth like a ship launched into the wide sea, not only well built and rigged; but also carried on with full wind. South.

He rigged out another small fleet, and the Achæans engaged him with theirs.

Arbuthnot.

RIGA, the capital of Livonia, European Russia, is situated in a large plain on the Dwina or Duna, nine miles from the sea. It was, in a commercial sense, the second city of Russia, until the rapid increase of Odessa. The port is both spacious and safe; and the town stands on the right, the suburbs on the left bank of the river. Without being a regular fortress, Riga has considerable strength: the entrance of the river is guarded by the fortress of Dunamunde. The principal public buildings are the town-house, exchange, house of assembly for the states of Livonia, the arsenal, the hospital of St. George, and the Catharinenhof. The church of St. Peter is remarkable for its fine tower. The Baltic being frozen during winter, vessels are laid up in dock here during several months. The Dwina is crossed by a bridge of pontoons, which rise and fall with the tide. Its breadth is forty feet, but its length less than 2600 feet, forming in summer a fashionable promenade. At the beginning of winter the pontoons are removed, and the piles being raised by the frost, are drawn on shore where they remain till spring, the river being, during this interval, passed on the ice. The shipping in the river indicates great activity. The export trade is chiefly managed by English and Scotch houses, whose principal articles of commerce are timber, flax, hemp, and corn. The majority of the inhabitants are Germans and Livonians, the Russians being comparatively few. Canals are the grand desiderata of Russian sea-ports, and a new one is now excavating here

RIGAUD (Hyacinth), an eminent French painter, born at Perpignan, in 1663, and generally called the Vandyck of France. He was director of the Academy of Paintings, and died in 1743.

RIGBY (Richard), esq., an eminent political character, born about 1722. His father was a woollen-draper in London; and having been appointed factor of the South Sea Company, under the assiento contract with Spain, had accumulated a fortune, and purchased the estate of Mistley Hall in Essex, worth £1100 a-year. Dying, in 1730, he was succeeded by his only son, Richard; who, on becoming of age, was returned for Sudbury, after a most expensive election, and was soon courted by both parties in parliament. He became attached to the duke of Bedford, who, being appointed lord lieutenant of Ireland, took Mr. Rigby with him as his secretary. Under the duke's administration, the affairs of Ireland were managed so much to the satisfaction of the king, that he appointed Rigby to the lucrative sinecure place of master of the rolls. The duke, at his death, left him one of his executors, with a large legacy. On the 20th of April, 1763, Mr. Rigby was made a privy counsellor of Great Britain, under the duke of Grafton. On the 6th January, 1768, he was appointed one of the vice-treasurers of Ireland, a sinecure of £3000 a-year, but this he soon resigned for the office of paymaster-general of the forces, a place worth £16,000 a-year,

which he held from June 14th, 1768, till March
1782; so that for fourteen years, his annual in-
come was not less than £20,000. The dissolu-
tion of lord North's administration put an end
He
also to Mr. Rigby's political existence.
avoided farther interference with all parties, but
this did not prevent his being called upon by
both to give an account of his administration of
the public money.
Mr. Rigby compromised
matters, and paid £10,000 for the interest of the
unsettled balance, a circumstance totally without
precedent. He died April 6th, 1788, leaving
only one natural daughter.

RIGGING OF A SHIP, a general name given to
all the ropes employed to support the masts, and
to extend or reduce the sails, or arrange them to
the disposition of the wind. The former, which
are used to sustain the masts, remain usually in
a fixed position, and are called standing rigging;
such are the shrouds, stays, and back-stays.
The latter, whose office is to manage the sails, by
communicating with various blocks or pulleys
situated in different places of the masts, yards,
shrouds, &c., are comprehended in the general
term of running rigging; such are the braces,
sheets, haliards, clue-lines, brails, &c.
SHIPS.

See

RIGʻGISH, adj. From rig, an old word for a whore. Johnson. Wanton: whorish.

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RIGHT, adj., adv., interj., n. s.,)_Sax. pizt;
RIGHTEOUS, adj.
Belg.reght;
RIGHTEOUSLY, adv.
Teut. recht;
Ital. retto;
RIGHTEOUSNESS, n. 8.
Lat. rectus.
Fit; proper;
just; true;
becoming;
preferred

RIGHTFUL, adj.

RIGHT FULLY, adv.
RIGHT FULNESS, n. s.

RIGHT'LY, adv.

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RIGHTNESS, n. s. (hence the right hand'); convenient: as an adverb, direct; according to rule; in a great degree: as a noun-substantive, justice; truth; correctness; just claim; interest; property; immunity to rights' is, to a right or proper position: to right, to do justice to: righteous, just; honest; equitable: the adverb and noun-substantive corresponding: rightful, having the right or a just claim: the adverb and noun-substantive corresponding: rightly, according to right or to justice; exactly: rightness corresponding.

And he took hym by the righthond and heuyde hym up. Wiclif. Dedis. 3. That be far from thee, to slay the righteous with the wicked; and that the righteous should be as the Genesis. wicked.

The Lord God led me in the right way. Id. xxiv. 48. The people passed over right against Jericho. Joshua iii. 16. Their heart was not right with him, neither were Psalm 1xxviii. 37. they stedfast in his covenant. A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but it shall not come nigh Id. xci. 7. thee. Ye shall be driven out right forth, and none shall Jeremiah xlix. 5. gather up him that wandereth. We wish one end; but differ in order and way, that leadeth rightly to that end.

Ascham.

But still although we fail in perfect rightfulness,
Seek we to tame these superfluities,
Nor wholly wink though void of purest sightfulness.
Sidney.
Nor would, for gold or fee
Be won, their rightful causes down to tread.
Spenser.

The scripture, ascribing to the persons of men righteousness, in regard of their manifold virtues, may not be construed, as though it did thereby clear them from all faults.

Hooker.

The proud tyrant would many times say, that whatsoever belonged unto the empire of Rome, was of right his, for as much as he was possessed of the imperial scepter, which his great grandfather Mahomet had by law of arms won from Constantine.

Knolles.

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The Roman citizens were, by the sword, taught to acknowledge the pope their lord, though they knew not by what right. Raleigh. Insects have voluntary motion, and therefore imagination; for ants go right forward to their hills, and bees know the way from a flowery heath to their hives.

Bacon.

Persons of noble blood are less envied in their rising; for it seemeth but right done to their birth.

Id.

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Right many a widow his keen blade, And many fatherless hath made. It is not with certainty to be received concerning the right and left hand, that men naturally make use of the right, and that the use of the other is a digression. Browne.

You, with strict discipline instructed right, Have learned to use your arms before you fight. Roscommon.

I could not expedient see,

On this side death, to right our family. Waller. God hath a sovereign right over us, as we are his creatures, and by virtue of this right, he might, without injustice, have imposed difficult tasks: but in making laws, he hath not made use of this right. Tillotson.

Some seeking unto courts, and judicial endeavours to right ourselves, are still innocent. Kettleworth.

Our calendar wants to be reformed, and the equinox rightly computed; and, being once reformed and set right, it may be kept so, by omitting the additional day at the end of every hundred and thirty-four years. Holder on Time. The custom of employing these great persons in all great offices passes for a right. Temple.

The left foot naked, when they march to fight, But in a bull's raw hide they sheathe the right.

Dryden.

cases, the right of succession could not have been certainly determined. Id.

The idea of a right lined triangle necessarily carries with it an equality of its angles to two right ones.

Id.

A man can never have so certain a knowledge, that a proposition which contradicts the clear principles of his own knowledge, was divinely revealed, or that he understands the words rightly, wherein it is delivered; as he has, that the contrary is true. Id. Good men often suffer, and that even for the sake of righteousness. Nelson.

It is not necessary for a man to be assured of the righteousness of his conscience, by such an infallible certainty of persuasion as amounts to the clearness of a demonstration; but it is sufficient if he knows it upon grounds of such a probability as shall exclude all rational grounds of doubting. South.

Agrippa is severally ranged in sets of medals among the emperors; as some among the empresses have no other right. Addison.

Seldom your opinions err;

Your eyes are always in the right. Prior. Gather all the smiling hours;

Id.

Such as with friendly care have guarded Patriots and kings in rightful wars. We invade the rights of our neighbours, not upon account of covetousness, but of dominion, that we may create dependencies. Collier on Pride.

These strata failing, the whole tract sinks down to rights in the abyss, and is swallowed up by it. Woodward.

Like brute beasts, we travel with the herd, and are never so solicitous for the rightness of the way, as for the number or figure of our company.

Rogers's Sermons.

A time there will be, when all these unequal distributions of good and evil shall be set right, and the wisdom of all his transactions made as clear as the noon-day. Atterbury. Right, cries his lordship, for a rogue in need To have a taste is insolence indeed;

Take heed you steer your vessel right, my son, This calm of heaven, this mermaid's melody, Into an unseen whirlpool draws you fast, And in a moment sinks you.

Id.

In me 'tis noble, suits by birth and state.

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Pope.

Is this a bridal or a friendly feast? Of whom their deeds I rightlier may divine, Unseemly flown with insolence or wine. Id. If my present and past experience do exactly coincide, I shall then be disposed to think them both right.

Beattie.

RIGHTS, BILL OF, in law, is a declaration delivered by the lords and commons to the prince and princess of Orange, 13th of February 1688; and afterwards enacted in parliament, when they became king and queen. It sets forth that king James did, by the advice of divers evil counsellors, endeavour to subvert the laws and liberties of this kingdom, by exercising a power of dispensing with and suspending of laws; by levying money for the use of the crown, by pretence of prerogative, without the consent of parliament; by prosecuting those who petitioned the king, and discouraging petitions; by raising and keeping a standing army in time members to serve in parliament; by violent proof peace; by violating the freedom of election of secutions in the court of king's bench, and causing partial and corrupt jurors to be returned on trials, excessive bail to be taken, excessive fines to be imposed, and cruel punishments to be inflicted; all of which were declared to be illegal. And the declaration concludes in these remarkable words; and they do claim, demand,

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dem.

This sleep is sound; this is a sleep, That, from his golden rigol, hath divorced So many English kings. Shakspeare. Henry IV. RIGOLL, or REGAL, a kind of musical instrument, consisting of several sticks bound together, only separated by beads, and struck with a ball at the end of a stick. Such is the account which Grassineau gives of this instrument. Skinner, upon the authority of an old English dictionary, represents it as a clavichord; possibly founding his opinion on the nature of the office of the tuner of the regals. Sir Henry Spelman derives the word rigoll from the Italian rigabello, a musical instrument, anciently used in churches instead of the organ. Walther, in his description of the regal, makes it to be a reed-work in an organ, with metal and also wooden pipes and bellows adapted to it. He adds that the name of it is supposed to be owing to its having been presented by the inventor to some king. From an account of the

regal used in Germany, and other parts of
Europe, it appears to consist of pipes and keys
on one side, and the bellows and wind chest on
the other. Lord Verulam distinguishes between
the regal and the organ, in a manner which
shows them to be instruments of the same class.
Upon the whole, there is reason to conclude
that the regall or rigoll was a pneumatic and not
a stringed instrument. Marsennus relates that
the Flemings invented an instrument, les regales
de bois, consisting of seventeen cylindrical
pieces of wood, decreasing gradually in length,
so as to produce a succession of tones and semi-
tones in the diatonic series, which had keys, and
was played on as a spinet; the hint of which, he
says, was taken from an instrument in use
among the Turks, consisting of twelve wooden
cylinders, of different lengths, strung together,
which being suspended and struck with a stick,
having a ball at the end, produced music.-Haw-
kins's Hist. Mus. vol. ii. p. 449.

RIG'OR, n. s.
RIG'OROUS, adj.

Lat. rigor. Cold; stiffness; straitness; grimly; RIG'OROUSLY, adv.) applied to the cold fit of some diseases; rage: the adjective and adverb corresponding.

He at his foe with furious rigour smites,
That strongest oak might seem to overthrow;
The stroke upon his shield so heavy lights
That to the ground it doubleth him full low.

Spenser.

It may not seem hard, if in cases of necessity certain profitable ordinances sometimes be released, rather than all men always strictly bound to the general rigour thereof.

Hooker.

He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian rock
With rigorous hands; he hath resisted law,
And therefore law shall scorn him further trial
Than the severity of public power. Shakspeare.

Driven by the necessities of the times and the temper of the people, more than led by his own disposition to any height and rigour of actions.

King Charles.

Nature has got the victory over passion, all his rigour is turned to grief and pity. Denhum's Sophy. Heat and cold are not, according to philosophical rigour, the efficients; but are names expressing our passions.

Glanville.

He resumed his rigours, esteeming his calamity such a one as should not be outlived, but that it beFell. came men to be martyrs to.

The rest his look

Bound with Gorgonian rigour, not to move. Milton.
Lest they faint

At the sad sentence rigorously urged,
For I behold them softened, and with tears,
Bewailing their excess, all terror hide.
The stones the rigour of their kind expel,
And supple into softness as they fell.

Id.

Dryden.

Does not looseness of life, and want of a due soSprat. briety in some, drive others into rigours that are unnecessary?

The base degenerate age requires
Severity and justice in its rigour:
This awes an impious bold offending world.

Addison.

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The air is now cold, hot, dry, or moist; and then thin, thick, foggy, rimy, or poisonous. Harvey.

Though birds have no epiglottis, yet can they contract the rime or chink of their larinx, so as to prevent the admission of wet or dry indigested.

Browne's Vulgar Errours. In a hoar frost, a rime is a multitude of quadrangular prisms piled without any order one over another. Grew.

RIMINALDI (Orazio), an eminent historical painter, born at Pisa in 1598. His chief paintings are Samson destroying the Philistines, the Brazen Serpent, and the Assumption of the Virgin. He died in 1638.

RIMINI, the ancient Ariminum, a large town of the Ecclesiastical States, Italy, situated on the Marecchia, near its embouchure. It had formerly a good harbour; but the sea has now retired to the distance of a mile and a half; and the town is surrounded by a plain, opening on the one side to the Adriatic, and bounded on the other by a range of hills, which terminate in the great chain of the Appennines. It communicates with the sea by means of a canal which is almost choked at the mouth. Its streets are straight, and contain several churches and family mansions

of beautiful marble. In the principal square is a marble fountain, with a statue of pope Paul V., and in the middle of the market place a pedestal, from which tradition says that Casar harangued his army.

The cathedral and several churches of Rimini are ornamented with marble, procured from the ruins of the old harbour. That of St. Francis, a fine edifice of the fifteenth century, has a profusion of sculptures, statues, and bas reliefs. Rimini contains several valuable remains of Roman architecture. At the entrance of the town, on the side of Pesaro, stands a triumphal arch of Augustus, adorned with Corinthian columns, from which a broad street extends to an elegant bridge over the Marecchia, begun by Augustus, and completed by Tiberius. It is 220 feet in length, and consists of five arches of white stone or marble, found in the neighbourhood. Its execution is remarkably solid and elegant. Rimini was called Ariminum from the river Ariminus, which washed its walls, and formed at one its chief pursuit is supplying the interior with time a small independent republic. At present fish. It is the see of a bishop. Twenty-eight miles S. S. E. of Ravenna, fifty north-west of Ancona, and 150 north of Rome. RIM'PLE, or RUMPLE, v. a. To pucker; contract into folds. See CRUMPLE and RUM

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RING, v. a., v. n., & n. s. Į Sax. pningan; RING'ER, n. s. Isl. hringa; Belg. ringen. To strike a bell or other sonorous body, so as to produce sound; to sound in this way; to practise ringing with bells; resound; tinkle; be filled with a report: a number of tuned bells; the sound of them; any loud sound.

Ring the alarum bell. Shakspeare. Macbet.
Ere to black Hecat's summons

The shard-born beetle, with his drowsy hums,
Hath rung night's yawning peal, there shall be done
A deed of dreadful note.
Shakspeare.

Hercules, missing his page, called him by his name aloud, that all the shore rang of it. Bacon. ring, but a flat noise or rattle. Stop the holes of a hawk's bell, it will make Lo

Id.

The king, full of confidence, as he had been victonous in battle, and had prevailed with his parlia ment, and had the ring of acclamations fresh in his

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