good and evil, they actually sin, in thought, feeling, volition, and action: and were they left destitute of divine instruction, restraint, and favourable moral influence, would never perform any one morally and spiritually good mental operation.

7. The first morally and spiritually good mental operation which any man performs, is evidence of regeneration, and consequent upon that work of God's Spirit accomplished in him.

8. Unrenewed persons may have many naturally good attributes of character, mental endowments, and social feelings.

9. Some unrenewed persons are more wicked than others, and the worst man on earth may become in his moral character and conduct worse than he now is.

10. Every man, who finally perishes in an unrenewed estate, will be punished in exact proportion to his own actual sinfulness.

11. No person, not actually sinful, will, in the future life, be punished at all.

The whole tenour of the holy scriptures has convinced us, that these propositions are true, and if there is any thing absurd, improbable, or unreasonable in them, we are not able to discover it. The ranting which is commonly heard, and which Mr. W. reiterates, against the pretended, and unjustly imputed, Calvinistic doctrines, that all men, whether infants or adults, are equally depraved; and that children are damned, who die before they have committed actual sin, deserves no other notice, than a simple statement of our own sentiments.

It would be an easy thing to expose the fallacy of Mr. Wilson's doctrines, that the material heart is the seat of natural affections; that the brain is the seat of reason; that mind and soul are different things; that God extends his superintending providence to every sparrow, but has not decreed "how many sparrows should exist through all time, or when and where each should fall through every age ;" and that the Calvinists make the decrees of God the cause of divine foreknowledge; but we have neither time nor room, unless we exclude from our Review more weighty things. We give him praise for energy, frank.

ness, and perseverance; but we think he would have honoured himself, by treating President Edwards, Dr. Hopkins, Dr. Bellamy, and especially Dr. Emmons, with more respect for their native talents, literature, and decided piety, notwithstanding their errors, which we cordially unite with him in detesting. On the subject of atonement, we shall leave The Contrast to defend itself against the criticism on our critique. Mr. Wilson, we sincerely hope, will find at last, that the Father intended to save him, that Jesus Christ, according to an everlasting covenant, died to redeem him in particular, and that the Holy Spirit created him anew in Christ Jesus, through the gospel, that he might embrace the offered Saviour, be adopted, justified, sanctified, and glorified. He will then own, that had Jehovah done nothing more for him, than for the lost, he too would have continued unredeemed, unrenewed, impenitent, and would have experienced the everlasting effects of the inflexible justice of God. Then will he own, that salvation is all of grace reigning through the righteousness of Christ, unto all that were given him, by the sovereign act of God the Father; and that damnation in its procuring cause, continuance, and degree of misery, is of unmingled justice; for not a particle of mercy is ultimately experienced by any one who sinks down to hell. It re quires nothing but perfect justice to damn a sinner; but it requires both mercy and justice to save one. God is not obliged to be MERCIFUL TO ANY; he is under the binding law and influence of his own nature to be JUST TO ALL; and, if we confess our sins, he is faithful, to his own promises, and just, to his own character as the moral governor of the universe, and to Christ our Ransom, to forgive us our sins, and cleanse us from all unrighteousBlessed be God for ever!

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ARTICLE II-A Serious Call to those who are without the Pale of the Episcopal Church. By a Consistent Church Man. To which is added An Appendix, containing animadversions upon the conduct of Inconsistent Church Men. pp. 24. 12mo.

THIS "serious call" is addressed "to Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Baptists, Methodists, Quakers, and all of every denomination who do not belong to the Episcopal Church." It begins with "Fellow Travellers to Eternity," and is continued in the same solemn style to the close. And well might the writer adopt the language of Alleyn's Alarm or Baxter's Serious Call to the Unconverted; for his subject is "EPISCOPACY OR PERDITION," p. 23, 24. In the character of a Consistent Church man, he undertakes to demonstrate, that except the persons whom he addresses become members of the Episcopal Church, they cannot be saved.

His premises are derived from the declarations of "the Right Rev. Henry Hobart, D. D.* Bishop of New York and Connecticut, according to the twentieth article of the Canons; the Rev. Thomas Y. How, D. D. late Assistant Rector of Trinity Church, New York; the Rev. Menzies Rayner," of Connecticut; and the Holy Bible. His inferences from his premises are logical; and cannot be avoided, but by a rejection of some of the principles of induction whence they are drawn. His argument may be thus stated.

The Bible asserts, that none but such as have a covenanted title to salvation, can possibly be saved:

Dr. Hobart, Dr. How, and Mr. Rayner assert, that none out of the Episcopal Church have a covenanted title to salvation:

Therefore, none out of the Episcopal Church, can possibly be saved.

*The writer should have given the Bishop his modern style," the Right. Rev. John Henry of New York;" for Hobart he seems to have dropped, for reasons of honour, or dishonour, best known to himself. Had the writer omitted a little word in the modest title assumed, it would have been acceptable, no doubt, to his reverence; for " John Henry, New York," without the little Presbyterian of, would be truly English, and exclusive. This of will go next.

About the first of these premises, none but an Atheist or a Deist can entertain any doubt: and what consistent churchman will dispute the high pretensions, and solemn decisions, of the aforesaid Episcopal trio? If none can be saved, but those who have a covenanted title to salvation; and none have such a title but Episcopalians; then, beyond controversy, none but Episcopalians can be saved. How sad is the dilemma, to which all the dissenters from Episcopacy are reduced! Why! we must either dispute the word of God; or else think, that Doctors Hobart and How, and the Reverend Rector of two of the Saints' churches in Connecticut, have inculcated false doctrine. Rome herself is not more full of compassion than her high episcopal daughter; for "the Mother and Mistress of all Churches" teaches nothing more harsh than this, that "There is neither holiness, nor remission of sins, nor, consequently, any salvation or eternal life, out of the Catholic Church." French National Catechism.

What a pity it is, that our good Bishop White, of Pennsylvania, should not have learned these important truths. Does he, indeed, know, that his Presbyterian and Quaker neighbours are all infallibly going to endless perdition? Surely, if he did, he would write, preach, and pray, until his venerable hands should be palsied, and his mild eyes extinguished with weeping over his amiable, moral, but heathen fellow citizens.

Let us attend to the evidence of the truth of the premises, whence it is inferred that all but Episcopalians must be damned.

"A covenanted title," says the writer under review, "is a title secured by promise. Those, then, and those only, have a covenanted title to salvation, to whom salvation is promised." This is unquestionably true. Now in the Bible, says our author, salvation is promised to all believers, John v. 24.-to those who repent, Ezek. xviii. 30.—to all who love God, James i. 12.-to the righteous, Ps. lviii. 11.-to the godly, 1 Tim. iv. 8.-to the just, Prov. iv. 18-to the merciful, Matt. v. 7.-to the meek, Ps. cxlix. 4.-to the upright, Ps. cxl. 13.-to the pure in heart, Matt. v. 8.-to them that fear the Lord, Ps. ciii. 17.-to those who call upon the Lord, Rom. x. 12, No. 1.

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13.-and to all in every nation who fear God and work righteousness, Acts x. 34, 35. To all persons thus described God has covenanted to give salvation.

"One question only remains; Can any who do not come under some or all of these titles be saved? Let us look into the Bible and see. Can any who do not believe be saved? What saith the Scripture? He that believeth not shall be damned. Mark xvi. 16. Can any who do not repent be saved? Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. Luke xiii. 3. Can any who do not love God be saved? If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema, Maran-atha. 1 Cor. xvi. 22. Can any who are not righteous be saved? Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? 1 Cor. vi. 9. Can any that are not godly be saved? If the righteous scarcely be saved, where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear? 1 Pet. iv. 18. Can any that are not just be saved? The hope of unjust men perisheth. Prov. xi. 7. Can any that are not merciful be saved? He shall have judgment without mercy, that hath shewed no mercy. James ii. 13. It is needless to search any further. Nothing can be plainer from the Bible, than that the promises and threatenings include all descriptions of people. In other words, all to whom salvation is not promised, are under condemnation. Every man is a believer or an unbeliever, penitent or impenitent, righteous or unrighteous, godly or ungodly, just or unjust, merciful or unmerciful. Now to the believer, to the penitent, to the righteous, &c. salvation is secured by promise. But the unbeliever, the impenitent, the unrighteous, &c. are under condemnation, and dying in this state must be lost. No man, then, can possibly be saved, without coming within the pale of the covenant. Now I have shown from the writings of Bishop Hobart, Dr. How, and Mr. Rayner, that out of the Episcopal Church, there is no covenanted title to salvation. The point then is established, that all who are not members of the Episcopal Church are in the road to Hell." p. 10.

But has he shown this from their writings? Have these wise, reverend, and celebrated divines taught the doctrines ascribed to them? Let us be satisfied with nothing less than their own words, and repeated declarations.

"Where the gospel is proclaimed, communion with the church, by the participation of its ordinances, at the hands of its duly authorised priesthood, is the INDISPENSABLE CONDITION OF SALVATION." Bishop Hobart's Companion to the Altar, p. 203. “In order to be effectual, to be acknowledged by God