Unknown writer,' probably of the 2nd century, omits Epistle to the Hebrews, James, and 3rd John. Ignatius (A.D. 101), Epistle to the Philadelphians, S v. See 1 Apol. cc. xv. xvi. xxxiii. Dial. c. Tryph. c. c. “Divine Word,” frequent references and quotations. Clement of Alexandria (A.D. 204), “Quis Dives Salvetur," prope finem, “ The Gospel and Apostolic Discourses.” Tertullian (A.D. 198) adv. Marc. iv. 2, “ The Evangelical Instrument;" he distinguishes between the “Old instrumentum utriusque Testamenti.” the present Canon. His list as given by Eusebius differs. Eusebius' (A. D. 315), Hist. Eccles. lib. III. cc. iii. iv. xxiv. xxv.; lib. VI. C. XXV. * See Routh's Reliq. Sacr. vol. iv. pp. 3-5, and the venerable Editor's learned notes. 9 See Bishop of Lincoln's Remarks on Justin Martyr, p. 132. (1). 'Opoyounevai ypapai-Scriptures universally received, viz. The Four Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles of St. Paul, the first Epistle of St John, the first Epistle of St. Peter. (2) 'AvTieónevai ypapai-writings whose canonicity was disputed, viz. Hebrews, the Epistle of St. James, the Epistle of St. Jude, 2nd Epistle of St. Peter, 2nd and 3rd Epistles of St. John, and Revelation. (3) Nobai ypapai-spurious writings, viz. the Acts of Paul, the Shepherd of Hermas, the Revelation of Peter, the Epistle of Barnabas, the Doctrines of the Apostles, and the Gospel according to the Hebrews. Witnesses to the Canonical Authority of the αντιλέγομεναι γραφαί. . Clement of Rome, Epist. to the Cor.c. i. with Heb. xiii. 17; c. x. with xi. 8; c. xv, with xii. 14; c. xvii. with xi. 37; c. xxiii. with x. 37. y. Councils. Council at Laodicea, A.D. 364. Hippo, A.D. 393. 3 Carthage, A.D. 397. 4 Carthage, A.D. 419. Irenæus. Cyril of Jerusalem. b. Version. Syriac. e. Councils. Laodicea, A.D. 364. Carthage, A. D. 397. 2. The Epistle of St. James. a. Fathers. Clement of Rome. Comp. Epist. to the Corinthians, c. iii. with Jam. iv. 1; c. x, with ii, 21, 22; c. xi, with ii. 25; c. xxüi. with i. 5, 6; c. xxx, with iv. 6, Jerome. b. Version. Syriac, which was made at the close of the first, or the beginning of the second century. 3. The Second Epistle of St. Peter. Clement of Rome, Epist. to the Cor. c. vii, with 2 Pet. ü. 13; c. xxiii. with iii. 4, Jerome. Irenæus, lib. 1. c. xvi. $ 3; lib. II. c. xvi. $ 8. Clement of Alexandria, Strom. ii. p. 464. 5. The Third Epistle of St. John. Council of Laodicea, 'I wávyou tpɛīs. 6. The Epistle of St. Jude. Clement of Rome, Epist. to the Corinth. c. ii. with Jude 22, 23. Origen. Ignatius, Epist. ad Philad. $ vi. Comp. Rev. iii. 12. 8. Versions. Syriac, 2nd cent. Latin versions, 2nd cent. Celsus, A. D. 190. Lardner, vol. vIII. pp. 5–69; iv. 113. C. The Canon of the Old and New Testament. 1. Divine Testimony, as A. and B. Preliminary Remark. Almost all the witnesses who tes tify to the canons of the Old and New Testament Clement of Rome quotes and alludes to the Old and New Testament singly and collectively xvi. xxi. xxviii. xlv. &c. rarum,” De Doct. Christ. lib. II. c. viii. Epiphanius, (A.D. 390). Hippo, A.D. 393. Labb. et Coss. tom. II. col. 1177. 4 Carthage, A.D. 419. c. Confessions. Gallican, Art. iii. Belgic, Art. iv. Wirtem burg, c. xxx. Scotland, Art. i. Westminster, c. i. Prop. V. The Names of the Canonical Books of the Old Testament are, The First Book of Chronicles. The Second Book of Chronicles. The First Book of Esdras. The Second Book of Esdras.' The Book of Esther. The Book of Job. The Psalms. The Proverbs. Ecclesiastes, or Preacher. Cantica, or Songs of Solomon. Four Prophets the Greater. Twelve Prophets the Less. Prop. VI. And the other Books (as Hierome saith) the Church doth read for example of life and instruction of manners ; but yet doth it Baruch the Prophet. The Song of the Three Children. The Story of Susanna. Of Bel and the Dragon. The First Book of Maccabees. The Second Book of Maccabees. * Viz. the Book of Nehemiah. 3 The other books, namely, the Apocrypha. 1. Derivation and meaning of the word. a, amo tis Kpuitis, from the crypt or ark in which the inspired books were deposited. Epiphanius advocates this sense of the word Apocryphal. b. dtokpúpos, hidden, (Mark iv. 22) from dToKPÚTtw, to hide. Clement of Alexandria (Strom. lib. XIII, c. iv.) is the first writer who applies the term to a certain class of books. From the time of Augustine it has generally been applied to books “which are not of authority, and are kept secret; whose original is obscure, and which are destitute of proper testimonials, their authors being unknown, and their characters either heretical or sus pected.”-Augustine against Faust. They were probably written by Alexandrian Jews. Greek language, except the fourth book of Esdras, which is only extant in Latin. It is not known when they were first added to the Greek Bible; probably, however, not long before the Christian era. The old Latin version was a translation of the Septuagint, and therefore contained the Apocrypha. • The Church of Rome receives these books, with the exception of the third and fourth books of Esdras, and the Prayer of Manasses, as "sacred and ca 1. The Testimony of Reason. The Apocrypha contain manifest fables. Rest of Hester, chap. x. 6. They contain statements at variance with facts recorded in those Scriptures which Romanists themselves confess to be canonical. They contain doctriness which are repugnant to the canon ical Scriptures. they were not inspired. Isa. viii. 20. “ To the law and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them.” B. New Testament. Our Lord only sanctions those books of the Old Testa ment which were contained in the Hebrew Scriptures, and which constitute the canon of the Old Testament Scriptures adopted by the Church of England. The Apostles acknowledged the Hebrew canon only. 3. Human Testimony. A. Jews. Philo, though an Egyptian Jew, never quotes the Apo crypha for the purpose of establishing any doctrine. Josephus against Appion, book 1. c. viii. “ From the time of Artaxerxes unto the present time all things indeed have been committed to writing : but those. nonical.” In the decree cited under Prop. II. the books of Tobit, Judith, Transmigration of souls. Wisd. viii. 19, 20. Sinless perfection. Ecclus, xiii. 24. 6 Suicide. 2 Macc. xiv. 41-46. Assassination. Judith ix, 2-9. 1 Macc. iv. 46; ix. 27. |