pl. 20.-Harris Aur. t. 35. b.-Esper Schmet. t. 5. f. 1.Donov. Br. Ins. pl. 271.—S pp. Ins. v. 1. t. 4.--De Geer Ins. tom. 2. pl. 2. f. 9. 10-Schæf. Ic. 127. f. 1. 2. et 254. f. 1. 2. -Raj. Ins. 129. no. 7.-Pet. Pap. t. 5. f. 14.—Seba Thes. 4. 2. F.-Barb. Gen. Ins. pl. 10. f. 127.-Admiral. t. 30. fig. major.-P. Tristan De Geer Gen. Ins. 33. 21. HABITAT Larva in Gramine.

Sylvaticis.

EXPANSIO alarum I unc. 10 lin.

Imago f. Jun. frequens.

DESCRIPTIO. Larva solitaria villosa cinerea, linea postica nigra, ano bidentato. Fab.

PUPPA gibba, brunnea, flavo maculato. Fab.

IMAGO. Ale anticæ supra omnino fuscæ vel subinde puncto uno
alterove nigro vix ocellato; subtus ocellis posticis 3, infimo
minore. Ale posticae supra punctis 2 subocellatis; subtus
ocellis 2 connatis pone medium subtus costam; et 3 posticis
distinctis; tertia duplo minor versus angulům ani. Ale
omnes subtus pallidiores ciliis undique albicantibus.
B. Alis supra et subtus æqualiter ocellatis. P. Polymeda
Hüb. Scbmet. pl. 38. 172-3-Pet. Mus. 313-Pet. Pap.
t. 5. f. 13.

7. Alis utraque inocellatis vel punctis obscuris subtus loco
ocellorum. P. Polymeda Hüb. Schmet. pl. 38. 173*.

P. D. F.. (The small Ringlet) Alis griseis anticis subtus
ocellis duobus sesquialtero interjecto, posticis sex sesquialtero
fulvo cinctis.
Fab. Ent. Syst. 3. 221. 690?-Pap. Hero Turt. Syst. Nat.
p. 27-Jablonst. Natur. System. tab. 186. f. 3. 4. 5. 6?—
Pap. Hero Lew. Pap. pl. 23. 5. 6.—et Pap. Hero Donov. Br.
Ins. pl. 186. Sed nec vero Hero Linnæi, quæ "alis supra fuscis
et subtus striga argentea" gaudet.-Pap. Hero Prod. Lep.
Brit. 2. 15.

HABITAT in comitatu Lancastriense prope Manchester uligi-
nosis. Imago mense Julio. Ex Museo D. Jones.
EXPANSIO alarum I unc.
5 lin.

DESCRIPTIO. Alæ anticæ supra griseæ seu fusco-fulvæ ocellis 2
posticis cæcis subtus grisea fascia postica albida quæ ad
marginem tenuiorem non attingat; inter fasciam et margi-
nem posticum ocelli duo iride nigra pupilla alba, sesquial-
tero cæco interjecto iride fulva: margo posticus albicat, cilia
fuscescentes. Ale postica supra griseæ ciliis albicantibus,
ocellis cæcis iride fulvo circiter tres: subtus basi fascia lata
fusca extus dentata, tunc fascia irregularis albida in media,
fuscedine extus terminata; tunc ocelli postici 6, sesquialtero,

pupilla

Davus.

16.

pupilla alba, iride nigra fulvo cincta; tandem fascia obse leta fuscescens; demum margo albicans ciliisque fuscescen tibus.

Polydama. P. D. F. (The Marsh Ringlet) Alis fulvis, anticis subtus ocellis duobus; posticis 6 albo cinctis quarum 3 dimidiatis. Pap. Polydama Scop. Carn. 434?

17.

HABITAT rarissime comitatu Eboracense. Semel capta et ad me missa amicissimo meo P. W. Watson. Imago mense Junio Paludosis.

EXPANSIO alarum 1 unc. 7 lin.

DESCRIPTIO. Imago. Ale antica griseo-fulvæ ocellis duabus posticis cæcis. Alæ postica fuscæ sed ad latus interius late albicantes, puncto ocellari cæco parvo postico versus angulum ani. Subtus anticæ fulvo-fusca, basi nigricantes, apice cinereæ, fascia postica albida abbreviata transversa; inter hanc et marginem posticum ocelli 2 remoti pupilla obsoleta alba, iride nigra albo cincta. Postica basi fascia lata nigricante extus dentata, fasciola albida irregulari terminata; pone hanc cinerea; ocellis 6 parvis quarum 3 dimidiatis et fere obliteratis, omnibus circulo albo cinctis.

OBS. Simillima præcedenti magnitudine et staturâ; differt supra magis fulva, subtus magis cinerea; ocelli minores in<< æquales albo nec fulvo cincti,

Typhon. P. D. F. (The scarce Heath) Alis supra griseo-fulvis immaculatis, anticis subtus ocello uno alterove, posticis 2-5 obsoletis.

18.

+

Pap. Typhon Vill. Ent. 2. 76.-Esper Schmet. t. 35. f. 3. 4
Schaf. Ic. t. 208. f. 3. 4?

HABITAT, et his capta in comitatu Eboracense, et ad me
missa, amicissimo meo P. W. Watson, mense Junio palu
dosis; cum præcedente.

EXPANSIO alarum I unc. 7 lin.

DESCRIPTIO. Maris alæ omnes supra griseo-ferrugineæ: ans tica puncto postico obsoleto fusco, fulvo cincto. Subtus, antica, ferrugineæ, fascia abbreviata albida pone med um; tunc ocello postico pupilla alba, iride nigra albido cincta, apiceque cinereo-albicante. Ale posticæ subtus, a basi fere ad medium valde hirta fuscescentes, seu certo situ virescentes: tunc striga seu fasciola abbreviata albida: tunc area grisea pone medium, ocellisque 2 obsoletis: demum fascia marginali albicante. Margo alarum omnium utrinque albiFemina a mare discrepat, alis undique paulo pallidioribus seu magis fulvis; superioribus supra impunctatis; sed

cat.

cum inferioribus certo situ, macula magna pallidiuscula notatis: subtus ocello unico sesquialtero: inferioribus subtus, ocellis 2, punctisque 3 ocellatis, sine alba pupilla; margine postico magis albicante.

P. D. F. (The small Heath) Alis fulvis, anticis subtus Pamphilus. ocello unico, posticis fascia alba punctisque 4 obsoletis. Linn. Faun. Suec. 1044.-Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. 2.

p. 791. 239.-Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 2286.-Fab. Ent. Syst. 3. 221. 691.-Fab. Syst. Ent. 529. 368.-Fab. Mant. 2. 33. 348.— Fab. Sp. Ins. 66. 300.-Vill. Ent. 2. 68. 123.-Ert. Paris. 240. 21.-Faun. Ingr. 208. 636.-P. Nephele Hüb. Schmet. pl. 51. 237-9.-Müll. Zool. Dan. 1329-Jablonst. Nat. Syst. tab. 186. f. 7. 8.- Lewin's Pap. pl. 23. f. 3. 4.Esper Schmet. t. 21. f. 3.-Berk. Syn. 1. 129. 36.—Sebaf. Ic. 164. f. 2. 3.-De Geer Ins. tom. 2. pl. 2. f. 3.—De Geèr Gen. Ins. 32. 17.—Raj. Ins. 125. no. 19.-Pet. Pap. t. 5. f. 15. 16.—Pet. Mus. 311-Admiral. t. 25. fig. minor. HABITAT Larva in Cynosuro cristato, i. Mai. i. Aug. Imago Compascuis i. Jun. i. Sep. frequens.

EXPANSIO alarum I unc. 4 lin.

DESCRIPTIO. Larva virescens linea dorsali albida, cauda bidentata. Fab.

IMAGO.

Alæ omnes supra fulvæ marginibus utrinque subfuscis, antice ocello cæco postico obsoleto. Subtus antice fulvæ, basi apiceque cinerea, ocelloque majusculo postico, pupilla alba, iride nigra pallido cincta. Ale postice, subtus antice fuscæ, postice cinerea; fasciola abbreviata albida media; ocellisque 4 minutis obliteratis.

***** NYMPHALES GEMMATI. (The ocellated.) Alis præcipue posticis, dentatis et ocellatis.

P. N. G. (The Peacock) Alis angulato-dentatis rubro-fulvis Io. singulis supra ocello cæruleo, anticis maculis duabus costali- 20. bus nigris.

Linn. Faun. Suec. 1048.-Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. 2. p. 769. 131.

-Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 2290.-Turt. Syst. Nat. p. 90.-Fab. Ent. Syst. 388. 276.-Fab. Syst. Ent. 489. 203.-Fab. Mant. 2. 34. 360.-Fab. Sp. Ins. 68. 309.--Vill. 2. 21. 30. -Hüb. Schmet. pl. 16. 77-8.-Ent. Paris. 234. 2.-. Berk. Syn. 1. 125. 11.- -Faun. Ingr. 201. 611.—Müll. Zool. Dan. 1294-Scop. Carn. 423.-Lewin's Pap. pl. 4-Donov. Br.

19.

Ins. pl. 206.-Nat. Misc. v. 10. 388.-Harris Aur. t. 8.
i. k.-Roes. Ins. cl. 1. t. 3.-Sepp. Ins. v. 1. t. 7.-Wilks,
pl. 106.-Albin's Ins. pl. 4. 5.-Merian Erur. pars 1. pl. 26.
-Barbut Gen. pl. 10. f. 131-Esper Schmet. t. 5. f. 2.—
Raj. Ins. 122. 14.-Pet. Pap. t. 5. f. 1-Seba Thes. 4. 1.
A. B. et 4. 32. f. 3. 4.-Schæf. Ic. 94. f. 1. 2. -Pet.
Mus. 314-Goed. Ins. vol. 1. pl. 1.-List. Goed. f. 1-Mouf.
Ins. 99. fig. inf.

HABITAT Larva Urtica urente i. Jul. Imago m. Jul. Sylva-
ticis, et per hyemem. Femina tempore vernali ponit ova.
Prope Londinum satis frequens, sed in com. Ebor. rariss. seu
bis tantum capta.

EXPANSIO alarum 3 unc.

DESCRIPTIO. Larva gregaria spinosa atra albo punctata pe
dibus posticis ferrugineis. Fab.

PUPPA decemdentata viridis, aureo punctata postice bifida.
Fab.

IMAGO. Alæ anticæ rubro-fulvæ maculis nigris flavisque costali-
bus; costa basi lineolis nigris flavisque; macula magna ocel-
liformi ad apicem, quæ pro pupilla habet maculam majus-
culam brunneam, iride antice flava postice cœrulea: demum
striga ex punctis 5 cærulescentibus, quarum 2 sub ocello et 3
in iride ipsa ocelli. Ale postice brunneo-fulvæ margine fus-
cescente; oculo magno postico pupilla magna cœrulea nigro
interrupta, iride nigra albo cincta, quæ anterius terminatur
in lunula nigra. Alæ omnes subtus atro-nebulosa, primores
punctis 5 posticis, albidis obsoletis; secundaria unico disci,
in medio fascia saturatiori, quæ nigro terminatur.

Iris. P. N. G. (The Purple Emperor) Alis fuscis cæruleo micantibus fascia communi utrinque alba interrupta, posticis supra

21.

uniocellatis.

Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. 2. p. 775. 161.-Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1; 2307-Turt. Syst. Nat. p. 99.-Fab. Ent. Syst. 3. 110.339. -Fab. Syst. Ent. 501. 248.-Fab. Mant. 2. 46. 460.—Fub. Sp. Ins. 85. 382.-Vill. Ent. 2. p. 33.-Hüb. Schmet. pl. 25. 117. 18. Mas.-Berk. Syn. 1. 126. 18.-Scop. Carn. 430.— Lewin's Pap. pl. 16.-Harris Aur. t. 3. figuræ superiores. Donov. Br. Ins. pl. 37. Mas.—Wilks, pl. 120.—Esper Schmet. t. 11. f. 1. Mas. 11. f. 2. Fem.-Schaf. Ic. t. 152. f. 1. 2. 3. —Raj. Ins. 126. no. 2.—Pet. Gaz. t. 23. fig. 2.—Roes. Ins. cl. 1. tab. 42. fig. omnes.

HABITAT Larva Salice caprea f. Mai. Imago Quercisummis, atis infrequens, m. Jul.

EXPANSIO

EXPANSIO alarum 3 unc. 2 lin.

DESCRIPTIO. Alæ omnes supra cœrulescenti-nigræ, micantes ; subtus cinereo-griseæ, cum ocello ferrugineo. Primores supra maculis albis sparsis in medio et exterius. Subtus griseocinereo variæ maculis albis cum ocello occultato intra mar.

ginem exteriorem. Postica supra fascia alba et ocello ferrugineo versus postica: subtus cinerea fascia alba dentata lateribus ferruginea cum ocello cæruleo iride ferrugineo. Villars, 1. c.

Femina discrepat a mare, alis supra fuscis albo maculatis non cæruleo micantibus.

OBS. This purple Emperor of the British oaks is not undeservedly the greatest favourite of our English Aurelians. In his manners likewise, as well as in the varying lustres of his purple plumes, he possesses the strongest claims to their particular attention.

In the month of July he makes his appearance in the winged state, and invariably fixes his throne upon the summit of a lofty oak, from the utmost sprigs of which, on sunny days, he performs his aërial excursions; and in these, ascends to a much greater elevation than any other insect I have ever seen, sometimes mounting higher than the eye can follow; especially if he happens to quarrel with another Emperor, the monarch of some neighbouring oak: they never meet without a battle, flying upwards all the while, and combating with each other as much as possible; after which they will frequently return again to the identical sprigs from whence they ascended, The wings of this fine species are of a stronger texture than those of any other in Britain, and more calculated for that gay and powerful flight which is so much admired by entomologists. The purple Emperor commences his aërial movements from ten to twelve o'clock in the morning, but does not perform his loftiest flights till noon, decreasing them after this hour, until he quite ceases to fly about four in the afternoon: thus emulating the motions of that source of all his strength, the sun. The females, like those of many other species, are very rarely seen on the wing the reason of which is both interesting and but little known. It is their being destitute of a certain spiral socket, which the males possess near the base of the main tendon of their upper wings; which socket receives and works a strong elastic spring, ar sing from the base of the under wings; thereby enabling them to perform a stronger, longer, and more easy flight than it is possible for the females to do.

Moses