Christianizing Death: The Creation of a Ritual Process in Early Medieval Europe

animae anointing ritual anointing the sick antiphon antiquity Autun baptism Benedict of Aniane Bishop blessing Bobbio Bobbio Missal body Caesarius of Arles capitularies Carolingian Carolingian reform Chavasse Christ Christian clergy clerics commemorative communion Concilia corporis dead death and burial death ritual deathbed penance deathbed reconciliation Deus developed domine early medieval eighth eighth-century Gelasian Frankish Frankish church Gallican prayers Gallican rites Gaul Gelasian books Gelasian sacramentaries Gellone Gregorian sacramentary Hadrianum healing holy Ibid Irish Liber ordinum litany Liturgie Lord Lorsch manuscript mass Medieval Liturgy Merovingian Missal monastery monks mort ninth century old Roman ordo pagan penitential penitents prayers preparation for death priests psalmody psalms response to death Rheinau rite for death rite of anointing ritual ritual books ritual process Rodradus Roman ordo defunctorum rubrics saints sancti Sicard sick person soul sources spiritual St-Amand St-Denis Stowe Supplement texts tion tradition unction Vatican Gelasian viaticum Visigothic Vogel