remove a prisoner, in order to be tried in | ad subjiciendum, and which is frequently the proper jurisdiction wherein the fact considered as another Magna Charta of was committed. 3 Bl. Com. 130. 3 Steph. Com. 694. HABEAS CORPUS AD SATISFACIENDUM. L. Lat. (You have the body, to satisfy.) In English practice. A writ which issues when a prisoner has had judgment against him in an action, and the plaintiff is desirous to bring him up to some superior court, to charge him with process of execution. 3 Bl. Com. 129, 130. 3 Steph. Com. 693. 1 Tidd's Pr. 350. HABEAS CORPUS AD SUBJICIENDUM. L. Lat. (You have the body, to submit to.) In practice. A writ directed to the person detaining another, and commanding him to produce the body of the prisoner, [or person detained,] with the day and cause of his caption and detention, ad faciendum, subjiciendum et recipiendum, to do, submit to and receive whatsoever the judge or court awarding the writ shall consider in that behalf. 3 Bl. Com. 131. 3 Steph. Com. 695. This is the wellknown remedy for deliverance from illegal confinement, called by Sir William Blackstone the most celebrated writ in the English law. 3 Bl. Com. 129. 1 Id. 135. 1 Steph. Com. 135. It was a common law writ, but was confirmed and extended by the statute 31 Car. II. c. 2, commonly called the Habeas Corpus Act. Crabb's Hist. 525. In modern practice, it is extensively used as a means of obtaining the possession of the persons of women and infants, by parties claiming to be entitled to their legal custody. Macpherson on Infants, 152 -163, part i. c. xv. See United States Digest, Habeas corpus. HABEAS CORPUS AD TESTIFICANDUM. L. Lat. (You have the body, to testify.) In practice. A writ to bring a witness into court, when he is in custody at the time of a trial, commanding the sheriff to have his body before the court, to testify in the cause. 3 Bl. Com. 130. 2 Tidd's Pr. 809. HABEAS CORPUS CUM CAUSA. L. Lat. (You have the body, with the cause.) In practice. Another name for the writ of habeas corpus ad faciendum et recipiendum, (q. v.) 1 Tidd's Pr. 348, 349. HABEAS CORPUS ACT. The English statute of 31 Charles II. c. 2, providing the great remedy for the violation of personal liberty, by the writ of habeas corpus the kingdom. 3 Bl. Com. 135-137. 1 Id. 137. For a summary of its provisions, see 3 Steph. Com. 699, 702. This statute has been re-enacted or adopted, if not in terms, yet in substance and effect, in all the United States. 2 Kent's Com. 27, and note. Id. 28-31. HABEAS CORPORA JURATORUM. L. Lat. (You have the bodies of the jurors.) In English practice. A compulsive process awarded against jurors in the Court of Common Pleas, commanding the sheriff to have their bodies before the court on the day appointed. It is the same with the distringas, issued in the Queen's Bench. 3 Bl. Com. 354. 3 Steph. Com. 590. Chitt. Gen. Pr. 796, 797. See Distringas juratores. 3 Habemus optimum testem confitentem reum. We have the best witness-a confessing defendant. 1 Phill. Evid. 397. Burr. Circ. Evid. 496. "What is taken pro confesso is taken as indubitable truth. The plea of guilty by the party accused, shuts out all further inquiry. Habemus confitentem reum is demonstration, unless indirect motives can be assigned to it." Lord Stowell, 2 Hagg. 315. HÄBENDUM. L. Lat. [L. Fr. à aver.] (To have.) In conveyancing. One of the eight formal and orderly parts of a deed, following immediately after the premises; so called from the Latin word habendum, with which it commenced, and literally translated and retained in modern deeds, in the clause beginning with the words "To have and to hold." Its original object was to determine the interest granted, or to lessen, enlarge, explain or qualify the premises; or, according to Lord Coke, to name again the feoffee, and to limit the certainty of the estate. 2 Bl. Com. 298. 4 Kent's Com. 468. Co. Litt. 6 a. Hale's Anal. sect. xxxv. Shep. Touch. 75. See infra. In modern deeds, the premises usually contain the specification of the estate granted, and hence the habendum has become in most cases a mere form; but where no estate is mentioned in the premises, the habendum continues to retain its original importance. 4 Kent's Com. 468. See Shep. Touch. (by Preston,) 76. **The following form of an ancient deed, from Bracton, will serve to illustrate the original use and importance of the habendum. Sciant præsentes et futuri, quod ego talis, dedi et concessi, et hac præsenti Habere contractum; to have a contract; cartâ meâ confirmavi tali, pro homagio et to contract. Calv. Lex. Habere in procinctu; to have in readiness. Id. Habere venale; to sell. Id. HABERE. Lat. In old English law. To have. Habere ad rectum; to have one [forthcoming] to [answer] an accusation. Bract. fol. 124 b. This term frequently occurs in the Year Books, as used by the court in granting any relief prayed. Habeant auxilium; let them have aid. M. 3 Edw. III. 37. Habeat etatem; let him have his age. Id. 38. HABENDAS ET TENENDAS. L. Lat. In old English law. To have and to hold. Concessimus etiam omnibus liberis hominibus regni nostri, pro nobis et heredibus nostris in perpetuum, omnes libertates subscriptas, habendas et tenendas, eis et heredibus suis, de nobis et heredibus nostris in perpetuum; we have also granted to all the freemen of our realm, for us and our heirs forever, all the liberties underwritten; to have and to hold to them and their heirs, of us and our heirs forever. Mag. Cart. 9 Hen. III. c. 1. HABERE. Lat. In the civil law. To have. Sometimes distinguished from tenere, (to hold,) and possidere, (to possess ;) habere referring to the right, tenere to the fact, and possidere to both. Calv. Lex. Habetur, quod peti potest; that is had, which can be demanded. Dig. 50. 16. 143. See Id. 50. 16. 164. 2. Id. 50. 16. 188. So habere was otherwise distinguished as referring to incorporeal things, tenere to corporeal, and possidere to both. Calv. Lex. Prateus. HABERE FACIAS POSSESSIONEM. L. Lat. (You cause to have possession.) In practice. A writ that issues for a successful plaintiff in ejectment, to put him in possession of the premises recovered. 3 Bl. Com. 412. 2 Tidd's Pr. 1244. Chitt. Archb. Pr. 765. HABERE FACIAS SEISINAM. L. Lat. (You cause to have seisin.) In pracA writ of execution for giving seisin of a freehold, as distinguished from a chattel interest. 3 Bl. Com. 412. Cowell. tice. HABERE FACIAS VISUM. L. Lat, (You cause to have view.) In old practice. A writ that lay in divers cases, as in dower, formedon, &c., where a view was to be taken of the lands in question. Bract. fol. 379. See View. HABERJECTS, Haubergects. [L. Lat. haubergetta.] A kind of cloth mentioned in Magna Charta. Cap. 25. See Haubergetta. HABETO TIBI RES TUAS. Lat. Have, or take your effects to yourself. One of the old Roman forms of divorcing a wife. Calv. Lex. See Tuas res, &c. HABILIS, (pl. Habiles.) Lat. Able; fit; competent; suitable. Habiles ad matrimonium; constitutionally fit for matrimony. 1 Bl. Com. 436. Habilis and inhabilis. Shelf. Marr. & Div. 55. Admitto te habilem; I admit thee able. Co. Litt. 344 a. Good; sound; merchantable. Applied to merchandize warranted. Yearb. M. 9 Hen. VI. 37. HABITANT (pl. Habitans.) Fr. In French and Canadian law. A resident tenant; a settler; a tenant who kept hearth and home on the seigniory. Dunkin's Address, 17. HABITARE. Lat. To inhabit; to dwell or reside. In the civil law, habitare properly signified to dwell permanently, as distinguished from commorari, (to stop for a while.) But it had the latter sense also. Calv. Lex. Prateus. Spiegelius, cited ibid. HABIT AND REPUTE. In Scotch law. Held and reputed. Terms used to express whatever is generally understood and believed to have happened. Bell's Dict. HABITATIO. Lat. [from habitare, q. v.] A habitation, or dwelling. Towns. Pl. 116. 2 Inst. 702. The right of dwelling; residence in another's vice of his wise men, established. 1 Bl. Com. 148. Hæc sunt judicia quæ sapientes consilio regis Ethelstani instituerunt; these are the judgments which the wise men, with the advice of King Athelstan, established. Id. ibid. HÆC EST CONVENTIO. L. Lat. This is an agreement. Words with which agreements anciently commenced. Yearb. H. 6 Edw. II. 191. HÆC EST FINALIS CONCORDIA. L. Lat. (This is the final agreement.) The words with which the foot of a fine commenced. 2 Bl. Com. 351. In the civil law. the right of free HÆREDA. In Gothic law. A tribunal house. Inst. 2. 5. Dig. 7. 8. Heinecc. answering to the English court leet, and Elem. Jur. Civ. lib. 2, tit. 5. of which it was said, de omnibus quidem “HABITATION," held to mean a dwell-cognoscit, non tamen de omnibus judicat; ing-house or home. 10 Grattan's R. 64. HABITUS. Lat. In old English law. Habit; apparel; dress or garb. Habitus religionis; the habit of religion. Fleta, lib. 5, c. 5, § 32. Habitus et tonsura clericalis; the clerical habit and tonsure. 4 Bl. Com. 367. 2 Hale's P. C. 372. HABLE. L. Fr. In old English law. A port or harbor; a station for ships. Stat. 27 Hen. VI. c. 3. HABLE. L. Fr. Able; competent. Dyer, 70 b, (Fr. ed.) HABUNDA. L. Lat. In old records. Abundance; plenty. Paroch. Ant. 548. Cowell. HACCHE. [Sax. hæca, a hatch or bolt.] A hatch; a gate or door. Cowell. HACHIA. L. Lat. In old records. A hack; a pick, or instrument for digging. Placita, 2 Edw. III. MS. Cowell. it takes cognizance of all matters, but does not finally determine all. Stiernh. de Jur. Goth. 1. 1, c. 2. 4 Bl. Com. 274. HÆREDES, Heredes. Lat. (pl. of Hares, q. v.) Heirs. Bract. fol. 17, 20 b. HÆREDES NECESSARII. Lat. In the civil law. Necessary heirs; a term applied to the slaves of a testator. A slave made heir by his master was called necessarius hæres, because, whether he would or not, (sive velit sive nolit,) he became, immediately after the death of the testator, absolutely free and a necessary heir. Inst. 2. 19. 1. Heinecc. Elem. Jur. Civ. lib. 2, tit. 19, § 587. HÆREDES SUI ET NECESSARII. Lat. In the civil law. One's own (or proper) and necessary heirs. A term applied to the sons, daughters, grandsons or grand-daughters by a son or other direct HACIENDA. Span. In Spanish law. descendants of a party deceased. Inst. 2. Real estate. White's New Recop. b. 1, tit. 19. 2. Called sui, because they were do7, c. 5, § 2. mestic, and even during the life of the faHADBOTE. In Saxon law. A recom-ther were considered, in a certain sense, pense or satisfaction for the violation of holy orders, or violence offered to persons in holy orders. Cowell. Blount. Perhaps this word should be written haelbote, or halibote, from the Sax. halg, holy. HADE. [L. Lat. hada.] In old records. A piece of land; a head of land, or headland. Cowell. See Butts, Caput terræ, Caputia, Headlands. HADERUNGA. L. Lat. and Sax. tred; ill-will; prejudice, or partiality. Ethelred. Spelman. Cowell. HaLL. HEC. Lat. This; these. Hæc sunt instituta quæ Edgarus rex consilio sapientum suorum instituit; these are the establishments which King Edgar, with the ad owners of the estate, (quodammodo domini existimantur.) Id. ibid. And called necessarii, because they became heirs by the operation of law, (The Twelve Tables,) whether they would or not, as well in case of intestacy as where there was a will. Id. ibid. Heinecc. Elem. Jur. Civ. lib. 2, tit. 19, § 588. See Sui hæredes. HÆREDES EXTRANEI. Lat. In the civil law. Extraneous, strange or foreign heirs; those who were not subject to the power of the testator. Inst. 2. 19. 3. HÆREDIPETA. Lat. In old English law. The next heir to lands. LL. Hen. I. c. 70. Properly, one who endeavored to get the good will of others, in order to be made their heir; (qui petit hæreditatem;) an inheritance seeker. Co. Litt. 88 b. HÆREDITAMENTUM. L. Lat. In old English law. A hereditament, (q. v.) Spelman. HÆREDITAS, Hereditas. Lat. [from hæres, an heir; L. Fr. enheritance.] In civil and old English law. An inheritance; an estate by succession; an estate transmissible by descent. Heræditas alia corporalis, alia incorporalis; one kind of inheritance is corporeal, another incorporeal. Co. Litt. 9. Divisio hæreditatis; the division of an inheritance. Inst. 3. 1. 6. Hereditas occurs in the civil law. Inheritance; hereditary succession. Hereditas nihil aliud est quam successio in universum jus quod defunctus habuit, [habuerit;] inheritance is nothing else than succession to the whole right which the deceased had. Dig. 50. 16. 24. Id. 50. 17. 62. Bracton has adopted and amplified this definition of the civil law, in the following terms: Hæreditas est successio in universum jus quod defunctus antecessor habuit, ex quacunque causâ acquisitionis, vel successionis, cum seysina sive sine, &c.; inheritance is the succession to the whole right which the deceased ancestor had, by whatever title of acquisition, or succession, with seisin or without, &c. Bract. fol. 62 b. In feodo et hæreditate; in fee and inheritance. Bract. fol. 207. Hæreditas ab intestato; succession from an intestate. Inst. 2. 9. 7. Bracton contends that the word hæreditas is not derived from hæres; but that hæres, on the contrary, is from hæreditas. Hæres dicitur ab hæreditate, et non hæreditas ab hærede. Bract. fol. 62 b, 265. Hæreditas nunquam ascendit. Lat. An inheritance never ascends. Glanv. lib. 7, c. 1. 2 Bl. Com. 211. A maxim of feudal origin, and which invariably prevailed in the law of England down to the passage of the statute 3 & 4 Will. IV. c. 106, § 6, by which it was abrogated. 1 Steph. Com. 378. Broom's Max. [400.] See Descent. HÆREDITAS DAMNOSA. See Damnosa hæreditas. HÆREDITAS JACENS. Lat. In civil and common law. A fallen or prostrate inheritance; the inheritance of a person deceased, while it lay unacquired by the heirs; an inheritance before it was entered upon by the heir, (antequam adita fuerit ab hærede.) Bract. fol. 160. Id. fol. 227. An inheritance in abeyance or expectation; lying waiting, as it were, for the heir to take it up; (donec relevetur in manum hæredis.) Co. Litt. 342 b. Bract. fol. 84. Fleta, lib. 3, c. 17, § 1. An inheritance or estate left without a legal owner. 2 Bl. Com. 259. The estate of a person deceased, where the owner left no heirs or legatee to take it, called also caduca; an escheated estate. Cod. 10. 10. 1. 4 Kent's Com. 425. HÆREDITAS LUCTUOSA. Lat. In the civil law. A sad or mournful inheritance, or succession; as that of a parent to the estate of a child, which was regarded as disturbing the natural order of mortality, (turbato ordine mortalitatis.) Cod. 6. 25. 9. 4 Kent's Com. 397. HÆRERE. Lat. To adhere; to be close or immediately next to. See Hæres. To stop; to go no farther. Qui hæret in litera hæret in cortice. He who stops in the letter, stops in the bark, rind or exterior. Co. Litt. 283 b. He who goes no farther than the letter, stops in the mere exterior covering of the law, without reaching its substance. "Hæret in litera; the objection is hypercritical." Grier, J. 12 Howard's R. 268. To hesitate; to stick; to be in doubt. "In hoc dubio, Bromeley, C. J. hærebat." Dyer, 77. HÆRES, Heres. Lat. [from hærere, to adhere, to be close or next to.] In the common law. An heir; he to whom lands, tenements or hereditaments, by the act of God and right of blood do descend, of some estate of inheritance. Co. Litt. 7 b. See Heir. Hæredem Deus facit, non homo. God makes the heir, not man. Co. Litt. 7 b. Solus Deus hæredem facit. God alone makes the heir. Bract. fol. 62 b. See Fleta, lib. 6, c. 1, § 4. Heir is a Hæres est nomen collectivum. collective name or noun. 1 Ventr. 215. Hæres est nomen juris; filius est nomen naturæ. Heir is a name or term of law; son is a name of nature. Bacon's Max. 52, in reg. 11. Hæres hæredis mei est meus hæres. The heir of my heir is my heir. Wharton's Lex. Hæres est aut jure proprietatis aut jure representationis. An heir is either by right of property, or right of representation. 3 Co. 40 b. According to Lord Coke, the words. hæreditas and hæres are both derived from hærendo, (adhering,) that is, from closely resting upon; for he who is heir hæret, (adheres, that is, to the ancestor;) or he is so called from hærendo, because the inheritance hæret, adheres to him. (Hæreditas et hæres dicuntur ab hærendo, quod est arcte insidendo, nam qui hæres est, hæret; vel dicitur ab hærendo, quia hæreditas sibi hæret.) Co. Litt. 7 b. This idea of the close connection between heir and ancestor is carried still farther in the following maxims: Hæres est alter ipse, et filius est pars patris. An heir is another self, and a son is part of the father. 3 Co. 12 b, Harbert's case. Hæres est eadem persona cum antecessore. An heir is the same person with his ancestor. Co. Litt. 22. Branch's Princ. See Nov. 48, c. 1, § 1. Hæres est pars antecessoris. An heir is a part of the ancestor. Id. ibid. So said, because the ancestor, during his life, bears in his body (in judgment of law) all his heirs. Id. ibid. HÆRES. Lat. In feudal law. An heir. Nomen hæredis, in prima investitura expressum, tantum ad descendentes ex corpore primi vasalli extenditur; et non ad collaterales, nisi ex corpore primi vasalli sive stipitis descendant; the name of heir, expressed in the first investiture, extends only to the descendants of the body of the first feudatory; and not to collaterals, unless they descend from the body of the first feudatory, or stock (of descent.) Craig, Jus. Feud. lib. 1, tit. 9, § 36. 2 Bl. Com. 221. Hence an heir is said properly to mean a son. Calv. Lex. Id. de Verb. Feudal. HÆRES, (more commonly HERES.) Lat. In the civil law. An heir; one who succeeds to the whole right or estate of the testator; (successor in universum jus quod defunctus habuit.) Heinecc. Elem. Jur. Civ. lib. 2, tit. 14. Calv. Lex. Dig. 50. 16. 24. Id. 50. 17. 62. Id. 50. 17. 128. 1. Heredis appellatio non solum ad proximum heredem, sed et ad ulteriores refertur; nam et heredis heres, et deinceps, heredis appellatione continetur; the appellation of heir belongs not only to the next heir, but to more remote persons also; for the heir of an heir, and so on in succession, is included in the term heir. Dig. 50. 16. 65. See Id. 50. 16. 170. *** The term hæres or heres in the civil law, scarcely corresponds with the "heir" of the common law, or rather it is used in senses which do not at all belong to the latter word. Thus, in the civil law, a person was said to be appointed, instituted (institutus) or made (factus) an hæres by another. Inst. 2. 14. But the maxim of the common law has always been that no man can make an heir. Hæredem Deus facit, non homo. The term hæres had, in some of its applications, nearly or quite the sense of the modern "devisee," and in others that of "executor," or 66 trustee." Thus, it was an essential formality in making a testament, that some person should be appointed heir, (hæres,) to whose faith it should be committed that he should convey the inheritance to another person; (ut aliquis hæres instituatur, ejusque fidei committatur ut eam hæreditatem alio restituat.) Inst. 2. 23. 2. HÆRES ASTRARIUS. L. Lat. In old English law. An heir in actual possession. See Astrarius. HÆRES DE FACTO. L. Lat. In old English law. Heir from fact; that is, from the deed or act of his ancestor, without, or against right. Applied to an heir whose title originated in the wrongful act, such as the disseisin of his ancestor. Bract. fol. 172. An heir in fact, as distinguished from an heir de jure, or by law. See De facto. HÆRES EX ASSE. Lat. In the civil law. heir. Inst. 2. 23. 9. See As. HÆRES EXTRANEUS. Lat. In the civil law. A strange or foreign heir; one who was not subject to the power of the testator, or person who made him heir. Inst. 2. 19. 3. Qui testatoris juri subjecti non sunt, extranei hæredes appellantur. Id. ibid. HÆRES FACTUS. Lat. In the civil law. An heir made by will; a testamentary heir; the person created universal successor by will. Story's Conflict of Laws, § 507. 3 Bl. Com. 224. Otherwise called hæres ex testamento, and hæres institutus. Inst. 2. 9. 7. Id. 2. 14. Hæredes facti. 3 P. Wms. 22. Applied by Blackstone to an heir to the crown, where the inheritance is under a particular settlement. 1 Bl. Com. 196. HÆRES FIDUCIARIUS. Lat. In the civil law. A fiduciary heir, or heir in trust; a person constituted heir to an estate by will, in trust for the benefit of an |