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cast of his features, that he was some lowly suitor, who had a petition to present, touching misfortunes which he could not of himself overcome, or grievances to complain of, which only the sovereign could redress. To judge by his appearance, one would have taken him for not more than twenty-five years old, but the deep gloom that overshadowed his countenance, threw, like a twilight cloud, but an indistinct light over the dial of his years, and led the inquirer astray as to the precise extent of his age. There was, withal, a delicacy in his figure-a slimness in the outline, looking at him cursorily-which was strikingly in contrast with the firmness of his tread, and the air of determined resolution that seemed to pervade his whole character.

At length a flourish of trumpets announced that Elizabeth had left the palace, and in a few minutes the Queen herself appeared coming down the avenue. On occasions like this, when she walked abroad surrounded by her court, she was apparelled most magnificently, her attire being of the richest description, 'set off,' as one writer remarks, with much gold and jewels of inestimable value.' Elizabeth, it is well known, much affected a stately demeanour and an air of dignity and grandeur, and she even descended to the artifice of wearing high shoes, that she might seem taller than she really was. As usual, crowds of obsequious attendants waited upon her steps, and busy flatterers surrounded her, pouring in 'the lep'rous distilment of their honied words upon her ever open ears, greedy of adulation. Time had already made a deep impression upon her masculine features, much to her chagrin, for she could not bear to be considered old; but the cares of her tumultuous reign, and the passions of rage, envy, and jealousy, suspicion, pride, and anger, which ever agitated her bosom, had left ravages behind them of a more marked and enduring character. There was nothing that caused deeper mortification and annoyance to this imperious sovereign than the falling away of her good looks. Miss Lucy Aikin, in her interesting memoirs of the Court of Queen Elizabeth, relates that the decay of her beauty was an unwelcome truth, which all the artifices of adulation were unable to disguise from her secret consciousness. She could never behold her image in a mirror, during the latter years of her life, without transports of impotent anger; and this circumstance contributed not a little to sour her temper, while it rendered the young and lovely the chosen objects of her malignity.'

She

vented by the presence of mind of the Queen herself.
It is recorded that, during the time of Babington's con-
spiracy, she was shown a picture containing the portraits.
of the six conspirators engaged in that famous plot, with
a motto underneath intimating their common design, and
that their dreadful countenances remained so vividly im-
pressed upon her memory, that she immediately recog-
nised one of them, who had approached very near her
person, as she was one day walking in her garden.
had the intrepidity,' says Miss Aikin, to fix a look upon
him which daunted him, and afterwards turning to her
captain of the guards, she remarked that she was indeed
well guarded, not having a single armed man about her
at the time. The courage which she exhibited on such
occasions of personal peril to herself was truly remark-
able. Bacon relates, that the council once represented
to her the danger in which she stood, by the continual
conspiracies against her life, and acquainted her that a
man was lately taken, who stood ready in a very danger-
ous and suspicious manner to do the deed; and they
showed her the weapon wherewith he thought to have
acted it. And, therefore, they advised her that she
should go less abroad to take the air, weakly attended,
as she used. But the Queen answered that she had
rather be dead than put in custody.'

Firm and unmoved stood the stranger in presence of the incensed Queen, who, whether actuated by feelings of curiosity, or what is more likely, struck by the handsome appearance of the prisoner, resolved to question him herself. Accordingly, she thus proceeded with her interrogatories :—

Whence come you, young sir, and what is your name and quality ?'

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Those who know me in this realm,' replied the youth, and they are but few, call me Anthony Sparke. Those who do not know me have no need to inquire farther.'

'But I have good need to know both your name and your motive for such an unnatural and disloyal act as the attempted assassination of your sovereign.' 'You are no sovereign of mine, proud princess,' said the prisoner, with an unflinching steadiness. My sovereign died by your bloody order in the Castle of Fotheringay, and is now with the blessed angels and martyrs in heaven.'

Even the imperious Elizabeth, haughty as she was, quailed beneath this bold and unexpected reply. But, recovering herself, she exclaimed,

'Insolent varlet, answerest thou me so! Know that it is in my power to doom thee to a similar fate. Be guarded in thy words, and answer discreetly to the matter concerning which we have thee now in hand.'

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As the Queen advanced, her attendants, except a few near her person, gradually spread themselves over the grounds, so that there was nothing to prevent a close approach to her majesty by any one who wished it. Watching his opportunity, the stranger stepped forward hastily, 'Thou canst not,' said the prisoner, with a smile that and his right hand, which, ever since he had first caught had in it more of melancholy than pride; thou canst sight of the Queen, he had held in his bosom, was now not, with all thy power and all thy willingness, inflict a quickly withdrawn with a pistol in it. This alarmed greater punishment than that thou hast caused me althose who were nearest her majesty, and who had caught ready suffer, even wert thou to doom me to the fate of a glance of the deadly weapon in the hand of a stranger. my unhappy mistress. Nineteen long years of sad captiThey crowded round her august person, with the view of vity, with much foul calumny and accusation heaped upon protecting one who was deemed so dear to Englishmen, her name, and, at the last, an ignominious and most cruel and the very pillar and bulwark of the Protestant re- death-such was her fate, and dost thou boast of it? ligion, not only in 'Britain's Isle,' but throughout Europe. Know that though I appear before thee habited like a The youth, seeing that his design was detected, faltered in man, I am a woman like thyself, and, like thyself too, his purpose, which was evidently to shoot the Queen, and, have been driven by despair to bold and ruthless purposes. in the agitation of the moment, rushing forward im- My name is Margaret Lambrun-Anthony Sparke but petuously, he stumbled and fell, when the pistol flew out my assumed one, with the habit which I wear. of his hand, and was picked up by one of the bystanders. several years I was the attached and trusted handmaid of He was immediately seized, and, upon being searched, the lamented Mary, Queen of Scots, by thee unjustly another pistol, also loaded, was found concealed in his slain. And her sad fate shall yet trouble thy own debosom, together with a long Spanish dagger, sharpened parting hours, which, come when they do, will fall upon to a point. The Queen, losing nothing of her character- thee with terrible remembrance of all the blood thou istic fortitude, by the great danger which she had just hast unjustly shed. The sufferings and death of my dear escaped, commanded the prisoner to be brought before and murdered mistress are not all I have to mourn; my her. She was not unused to these attacks upon her life, husband-and a better and a kinder never breathed-unwhich, at the instigation of the popish faction, had be- able to survive his Queen, whom he had accompanied from come rather frequent, although they were always frustrated. France, and followed till the closing scene of all, gave Some two years before this a similar attempt was made way to pining sorrow, and died, alas! oh! double wo to upon her in the very same place, which was only pre-me-of grief incurable for her loss.'

For

She paused for a moment, overcome by her feelings, but soon recovering her self-possession, she resumed'Deprived thus, through thee, of the two persons whom I loved most dearly in the world, my queen and my husband, I formed a resolution, at the peril of my life, to avenge their death on thee, the sole cause of their being so untimely cut from life. And here I came to execute my intent, in which I have been, by inopportune accident, prevented.'

The Queen had listened, with some degree of interest, to this narrative, but when she found that it was a woman who had attempted her life, and that, too, from feelings of love and duty to others rather than of hatred to herself, she relented, and addressed the prisoner in more gracious terms than any she had yet used towards

her.

'In this guilty attempt, which, fortunately for yourself as well as for me, you have been providentially withheld from accomplishing, are you persuaded that you were only doing what you conceived your duty to your mistress, and your love for your husband, imperatively required of 'Nothing but my fealty to them both,' said Margaret, 'would have led me to dare such a deed, which, in other circumstances, my soul would have abhorred.'

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'But what think you,' rejoined the Queen, 'it is now my duty to do to you?'

Does your Majesty put the question,' asked Lambrun in her turn, in the character of a queen, willing to forgive, or in that of a judge, anxious to condemn ?'

'In that of a queen, undoubtedly,' replied Elizabeth. 'Then,' said Margaret, your Majesty ought immediately to grant me a pardon.'

'But what security have I,' said the Queen, that you will not again attempt my life.'

'Madam,' replied Lambrun, an entire and unconditional pardon would claim my lasting gratitude; but a favour granted under restraint ceases to be a favour. And in exacting any such guarantee, your majesty would be acting the part of a stern and inexorable judge rather than that of a good and merciful queen. Alas! princes are slow to learn that clemency is their truest and safest policy.'

The justice, as well as the boldness of these remarks, struck Elizabeth, and turning to those about her, among whom were some members of her council, she exclaimed, 'I have been thirty years a queen, but do not remember of ever having had such a lecture read to me before.' She then ordered the prisoner to be set at liberty, and granted her a safe conduct to wherever she wished to go. Margaret Lambrun, no longer Anthony Sparke, resumed, with her woman's clothes, all the better and purer feelings of a woman's nature; and soon after she retired to France, the native country of her husband.

MOZART'S REQUIEM. MOZART, the celebrated composer, was much addicted to melancholy, which at length became habitual. He fancied that his life was fast drawing to a close, and he beheld the prospect with horror. One day, being plunged in his melancholy reveries, he heard a carriage stop at his door: a stranger was announced, who desired to speak with him. He was requested to walk in. He was a man of a certain age, and had all the appearance of a person of distinction.

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'I am charged,' said the unknown, by a person of rank to come and see you.'

'Who is he?' interrupted Mozart.
'He does not wish that to be known.'
'Very well, what is his pleasure?'

He has lost a lady who was extremely dear to him, and whose memory will be eternally so. He wishes to celebrate her loss every year by a solemn service, and he wishes you to compose a requiem for this service.'

Mozart felt deeply affected by this discourse: the grave

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The stranger counted the amount on the table and disappeared.

Mozart remained for a few moments absorbed in thought, then asked for pon, ink, and paper, and in spite of his wife's remonstrances began to write with an ardour that was insensible to pain and fatigue; he composed night and day with an enthusiasm which seemed to increase as he proceeded, till at length he fell motionless off his seat, owing to extreme fatigue and lassitude: this compelled him to suspend his labour for some days. His wife endeavouring to dispel the sombre ideas which occupied his brain, Mozart said to her hastily, 'Yes, it is certain it is for myself that I am composing this requiem—' it will be for my own funeral service.' Nothing could eradicate this idea from his mind; he continued to labour at his requiem as Raphael did at the picture of the Transfiguration, equally struck with the idea of his death. Mozart felt his strength gradually decay; his requiem proceeded slowly; the period he had asked was elapsed. The stranger returned.

'I have found it impossible,' said Mozart, 'to keep my word.'

Don't let that trouble you,' replied the stranger; 'how much longer time do you wish ?'

'A month; the work has inspired me with more interest than I expected it would, and I have extended it much further than I intended.'"

'In that case it is necessary to augment your compliment; there are fifty ducats more.'

'Sir,' said Mozart, still more astonished, 'who are you then?'

'That has nothing to do with the business; I will return in a month.'

Mozart sent one of his servants after the stranger, to discover where he went to, but he returned only to inform him that he had lost sight of the stranger, and could not find him again. Poor Mozart took it into his head that this stranger was no ordinary being; that he certainly had some connexion with the other world, and that he was sent to advertise him of his approaching end. He now laboured with more ardour at his requiem, which he regarded as the most durable monument of his talent. He fainted away several times, and was with difficulty recovered. At length the work was finished before the end of the month. The stranger returned at the time agreed upon-Mozart was no more! All Germany account this requiem as the chef d'œuvre of the composer.

FIDELITY OF A DOG.

A shepherd had driven a part of his flock to a neighbouring fair, leaving his dog to watch the remainder during that day and the next night, expecting to revisit them the following morning. Unfortunately, however, when at the fair, the shepherd forgot both his dog and his sheep, and did not return home till the morning of the third day. His first inquiry was, whether his dog had been seen? The answer was, 'No.' Then he must be dead,' replied the shepherd, with a tone and gesture of anguish, for I know he was too faithful to desert his charge.' He instantly repaired to the heath. The dog had just sufficient strength remaining to crawl to his master's feet and express his joy at his return, and almost immediately after expired.

AN IRISH NEGRO.

A negro from Montezerat, or Marigalente, where the Hiberno Celtic is spoken by all classes, happened to be on the wharf at Philadelphia, when a number of Irish emigrants were landed; and seeing one of them with a wife and four children, he stepped forward to assist the family on shore. The Irishman, in his native tongue, expressed his surprise at the civility of the negro, who, understanding what had been said, replied in Irish that he need not be astonished, for that he was a bit of an Irishman himself.' The Irishman, surprised to hear a black man speak his native dialect, with the usual rapidity of Irish fancy, imagined that he was really an Irishman, but that the climate had changed his fair complexion. If I may be so bold, my dear honey,' said he, may I ask how long you have been in this country?' The negro man, who had only come hither on a toyage, said he had been in Philadelphia only about four months. Poor Pat turned round to his wife and children, and looking as if for the last time on their rosy cheeks, concluding that in four months they must also change their complexion, exclaimed, 'O merciful powers! Biddy, did you hear that? He has not been more than four months in this country, and he is already almost as black as jet.'

ANECDOTE OF HAYDN.

A female singer, who was in high favour with a German Prince, had to sing one of Hadyn's compositions. At the rehearsal, she and the conductor differed as to the time in which it should be sung. It was agreed that the composer should be referred to; who, when the conductor waited on him, asked if the lady was handsome? Very,' was the reply; and a special favourite with the duke.' Then she is right,' said Hadyn, with a significant look at the poor disconcerted professor, who, in all probability, had he gained his point, would have lost his place, and this Haydn well knew.

ABSENCE OF MIND.

A west country man, who had occasion to provide himself with a pair of new shoes, took the measure of his own foot to a nicety, intending to send a boy to the shoemaker's, about three miles distant, to fetch him the shoes. Something, however, occurred to prevent the boy from going, and the man resolved to go himself. He accordingly set off for the cordiner's, and was about half-way on his road, when he suddenly stopped short, scratched his head, and muttered to himself, Confound it! I've forgot the measure!' Back he went to procure it, and then proceeded to his original destination, where he learned with astonishment, from the man of awls, that his foot would answer better than the measure!

WHITEFIELD.

This man, the son of an innkeeper, without fortune or connexion, of very moderate attainments, trained in the ordinary manner of an humble youth, sent to college without any preconcerted plan, without having carefully furnished himself with auxiliaries, without any strong fancy of his own importance, without seizing on any striking public occasion, in a period and country of settled order, and of so much knowledge and civilisation as would, in ordinary speculation, be accounted sufficient to secure the community against any very violent effect of novelty and enthusiasm-under all these circumstances, this plain, undesigning young man came forth. And with what message did he come, and how did he deliver it? He came with no splendid rhetoric from the schools; he dazzled the eyes of the crowd with no jewels from the plundered shrines of antiquity; he spoke to them from no magnificent churches, nor amid the soothing and entrancing illumination of gorgeous windows. A table, a wall, a stair, a tub, a green hill-side, a grassy mound near a churchyard-these were the pulpits from which he launched those thunderbolts of invective and exhortation with which, it is no poetical amplification to say, in the altered words of Aristophanes, he lightened over England. -Review of Foster's Essays in Fraser's Magazine.

A WORD TO BACHELORS.

If you intend to marry-if you think your happiness will be increased, and your interest advanced by matrimony, be sure and look where you're going. Join yourself in union with no woman who is selfish, for she will sacrifice you-with no one who is fickle, for she will be. come estranged-have nought to do with a proud one, for she will despise you-nor with an extravagant one, for she will ruin you. Leave a coquette to the fools that flutter around her; let her own fireside accommodate a scold, and flee from a woman who loves scandal, as you would flee from the evil one.

HOME.

BY JOSIAH CONDER.

That is not home, where, day by day,
I wear the busy hours away:
That is not home, where lonely night
Prepares me for the toils of light.
'Tis hope, and joy, and memory, give
A home in which the heart can live.
These walls no ling ring hopes endear,
No fond remembrance chains me here;
Cheerless I heave the lonely sigh-
Eliza, noe 1 I tell thee why?

'Tis where thou art is home to me,
And home without thee cannot be.

There are who strangely love to roam,
And find in wildest haunts their home;
And some in halls of lordly state,
Who yet are homeless, desolate,
The warrior's home is tented plain,
The sailor's on the story main,
The maiden's in her bower of rest,
The infant's on his mother's breast;
And where thou art is home to me,
And home without thee cannot be.

There is no home in halls of pride;
They are too high, and cold, and wide.
No home is by the wanderer found;
'Tis not in place--it hath no bound.
It is a circling atmosphere,

Investing all the heart holds dear-
A law of strange attractive force,
That holds the feelings in their course.
It is a presence undefined,
O'ershadowing the conscious mind,
Where love and duty sweetly blend
To consecrate the name of friend.
Where'er thou art is home to me,
And home without thee cannot be.
My love, forgive the anxious sigh-
I hear the moments rushing by,
And think that life is fleeting fast,
That youth with us will soon be past.
Oh! when will time, consenting, give
The home in which my heart can live?
There shall the past and future meet,
And o'er our couch, in union sweet,
Extend their cherub wings, and shower
Bright influence on the present hour.
Oh when shall Israel's mystic guide,
The pillar'd cloud, our steps decide,
Then, resting, spread its guardian shade
To bless the home which love has made?
Daily, my love, shell thence arise

Our hearts' united sacrifice;

And home indeed a home will be,
Thus consecrate and shared with thee.

LITERATURE.

The study of literature nourishes youth, entertains old age-adorns prosperity, solaces adversity-is delightful at home, unobtrusive abroad-deserts us not by day nor by night, in journeying nor in retirement.

PARTING.

The moment of parting is perhaps the first moment that we feel how dear and how useful we have been to

each other. The natural reserves of the heart are broken, and the moved spirit speaks as it feels.

A COMPARISON.

It is with narrow-souled people as with narrow-necked bottles-the less they have in them, the more noise they make in pouring it out.

Printed and published by JAMES HOGG, 122 Nicolson Street, Edinburgh; to whom all communications are to be address) Sold also by J. JOHNSTONE, Edinburgh; J. M'LEOD, Glasgow; W. M'COMB, Belfast; G. & R. KING, Aberdeen; R. WALKER, DUEdee; R. GROOMBRIDGE & Soxs, London; and all Booksellers.

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No. 11.

EDINBURGH, SATURDAY, MAY 10, 1845.

MUSIC.

THE musical faculty is not peculiar to man. It abounds in the cries and carollings of many of the inferior tribes. There is music of the most melting and plaintive sort in the notes wherewith the bird whose 'little household hath been stolen, fills and saddens all the grove with melodies of deepest pathos.' There is a higher and harsher harmony in the scream of the cloud-cleaving eagle, who goes up singing his own wild song through the blue ether, and over the arch of the rainbow. There is cheerful and elevating music in the note of the lark, rising aloft in the dewy dawn and screwing the fresh morning air, which the poet thus apostrophises :

Hail to thee, blythe spirit-
Bird thou never wert-
That from heaven, or near it,
Pourest thy full heart

In profuse strains of unpremeditated art!

Higher still and higher

Through the air thou springest;

Like a cloud of fire

The blue deep thou wingest;

And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.'

There is music, who needs to be told, in the note of the nightingale, called by Milton most musical, most melancholy bird,' which trills her soft and tender lays as if to soothe the evening for her grief at the departure of line kind in the roar of the lion coming up, vast and hollow, upon the wind of the wilderness, and affrighting the far off caravan on its solitary way. What a harmony there is in the varied voices of inanimate creation-what a fine pause in the hush of evening-what a sweet tenor in the lapse of a stream, which, to the 'sleeping woods, all night, singeth a quiet tune'-what a shrill treble in the higher notes of the gale singing through the shrouds --and what a tremendous bass in the voice of the thunder, speaking from his black orchestra to the echoing heavens! Mrs Hemans asked Sir Walter Scott if he had not observed that every tree gives out its peculiar sound to the wind? He said he had, and suggested that something might be done, by the union of music and poetry, to imitate those voices of trees, giving a different measure and style to the oak, the pine, the willow. Diversities in this respect may be noticed among the trees of the wood and the garden. From the willow comes a kind of dry hissing eery sound-from the oak, a strong sturdy rustle, as if the old king of the forest, over whom centuries had passed, yielded his head reluctantly to the force of a blast, born and dying that very moment-from the sycamore with its large leaves, a calm full murmur, as if the tree were one vast hive of bees (and, indeed, so often it is)from the yew tree, a funereal wail, as if each leaf were a

the sun. There is music of the boldest and most mascu

PRICE 1d.

sigh-and from the pine, a deep, lingering, and most musical sound, well called by a poet, an 'old and solemn harmony.' So much for the music of nature. We will only allude to the beautiful fancy of the ancients, that from the motions of the heavenly orbs there issued the soft floating of an ethereal and immortal melody, which the gross ear of man hears not, but which is audible to higher and holier spirits; and that thus literally do the morning stars sing together. We now know this to be but a fancy, though a fancy of the finest and most poetical kind. We now say rather with Addison in his beautiful hymn

'What though in solemn silence all

Move round the dark terrestrial ball?
What though no real voice, nor sound,
Amidst their radiant orbs be found?
In Reason's ear they all rejoice,
And utter forth a glorious voice;
For ever singing, as they shine,

The hand that made us is divine.''

Artificial music is divided into two kinds-instrumental and vocal. We are all acquainted with the common kind of instruments from which, by cunning fingers, the soul of music is extracted-the sweet-toned flute, which sounds so finely across a lake or river, in the still evenings of summer; the spirit-stirring and ear-piercing fife; the and swelling blast; the piano, with its soft, mellow, and deep reverberating drum-the trumpet, with its long trembling vibrations; the violin, with its cheerful and awakening notes; the lute, with its tender and amorous descant; the harp, consecrated as that instrument which once vibrated to the hands of David, as he sang on the plains of Bethlehem, or poured out his eloquent plaint from the roof of his palace, in the city of the Great King; the guitar, with its light and airy music, transporting our thoughts to the groves of Italy, or to the cork-tree forests of Spain, to the evening lattices of Madrid, or the moonlit waters of Venice; the Pan's-pipe, interesting because probably the first musical instrument ever invented by man, tuned by him as he sat of old in the solitary wilderness; the Highland bagpipe, with its thrilling sound, heard often with indescribable emotion on the morning of a battle-day, when

'Wild and high, the Cameron's gathering rose, The war-note of Lochiel, which Albyn hills Have heard-and heard, too, have their Saxon foes; and last, not least, the majestic organ, with its awful volume of sound. But far above thesc, or all other instruments of music, is that glorious instrument first invented and tuned by Deity himself. We mean the human voice, with its melting cadences, its guttural sounds, its high clear melody, which, whether it swells or sinks, awakens to rapture or lulls to repose--whether it be grave or gay-whether it issue from the deep pipe of

man, or from the softer breast of woman-has something in it sweeter, more noble, natural, and various, than all the music of the grove, than all the melodies of birds and bees, and murmuring of summer waters; or than all the sounds which art has extracted from cold and lifeless in

struments.

of a sentence, there was a distinct rhythm and a varied music. In the tomb of Osymandyas, near Thebes, musical instruments have been found; and it has hence been concluded that the Egyptians were acquainted with music two thousand years before Christ. From them, possibly, the Hebrews derived their music. Many beautiful fables are told by the Greeks concerning the origin and history of music in their lovely land. By it, they said, Orpheus tamed the wildest beasts of the desert; and as his lyre sounded, the lurid crest of the serpent fell, the mane of the lion ceased to bristle, the eye of the tiger ceased to glare; which was probably an allegorical form of expressing the power of the art in softening the most ferocious of human natures. By it, they said, Amphion made the very stones of his projected city arise and form themselves into shapely and stately buildings; and by it, they said, Arion, cast into the sea, compelled a dolphin to bear him on its back in safety to the shore. These, of course, were fables; but they were fables which proved that the power and charms of music were, even at that early age, fully appreciated.

The origin of music, as of all the arts, is obscure in the mist of ages. In its simplest form, indeed, it must have been as early as the human voice, the tones and cadences of which, as expressive of joy or sorrow, love or fear, are all musical. This natural expression of emotions by sounds would lead to a repetition of these sounds, and hence, by and by, would arise that artificial division of lines which we call rhythm, a love of which is one of the most general principles of the human soul; for it will be found to pervade all tribes, all ages, all classes. It alleviates labour and cheers the heart. Man becomes a rhythmist, long before he knows it. Witness the regular strokes of the oar, the smith's hammer, the thrasher's flail, and the dances of the rudest nations. Music, indeed, and dancing are at first always connected, till, by and by, the song is separated from the dance, From the sixth century before Christ, music seems to and instruments, which originally served only to accom- have been studied scientifically. The celebrated Pythapany the song, become also the object of a separate art. goras invented an instrument for the mathematical Some suppose that music began with a desire to imitate determination of sounds, and added an eighth chord to the songs of birds, the voices of animals, or the other the harp. The Romans were principally fond of martial ordinary sounds of nature. According to this theory, music; as might have been expected from their warlike primeval man, walking in the woody wildernesses of the tastes. Under the Emperors, music became cultivated as world's young day, and hearing every grove, every bush, an object of luxury. We have all heard of Nero fiddling every stream, and every meadow, vocal with the low of while Rome was burning; and when he perished by the cows, the bleat of sheep, the hum of bees, the buzz of in- justest doom, which him, the world's destroyer, e'er desects, the song of birds, the voice of breezes, the mur-stroyed,' five hundred musicians were dismissed. Permuring of streams, the pattering of rain-drops, the fine haps, though this would lessen the romance of the story, waves of melody chasing each other over the summit of it was one of these 'whose hand, unseen, strewed flowers the everlasting woods, became ashamed of remaining upon his tomb.' The early Christians employed religious silent amid such a congregation of song, and began to songs in their assemblies; and we hear of our blessed imitate as he best could the melodies by which he was Lord himself singing a hymn ere going out to the surrounded. Be this as it may, music at length was in- Mount of Olives. Holy songs, especially, were sung at vented. Surely in an auspicious hour-surely on one of the Lord's supper and at their love feasts. In the fourth the white days of earth's dark pilgrimage-on one of century, regular psalms were introduced, which were those days which seem to have lost their way to us from sung from notes, by persons appointed for that purpose. a loftier region-when the air is balmy, the sky cloud- The mode of singing in the primitive churches was someless, the sunshine asleep as with excess of gladness, a times in solo, sometimes alternately, and sometimes by light breeze warbling over the landscape, and whispering a chorus of the whole assembly. In the fourth century, some happy and unutterable tidings in every cowslip's precentors were appointed to lead the praises of the ear-nav, surely, rather in that golden age of the world, church. Schools appropriated to singing were instituted of which the tradition only remains, when the heavens somewhat later, and only in a few places. Choirs were were nearer, the skies clearer, the clouds more gorgeous, gradually introduced in Italy, and contributed greatly the fat of the earth richer, the foam of the sea brighter, to the splendour at least of religious worship. Italy, than in our degenerate days-when in our groves were indeed, has always been the land of music. Luther, the still seen the shadows of angels, and on our mountains first reformer, was an enthusiastic musician; and we owe the footsteps of God-surely then, and not later, was to him that fine solemn strain called 'Old Hundred.' Our music born. So far as respects the known history of the readers are familiar with the names of the great musical art, we must consider the rise of vocal and instrumental composers of later times. Haydn, Handel, Beethoven, music as coeval. Perhaps the first instrument invented, and Mozart, were among the principal of these. Hanas we hinted before, was the pipe of the shepherd, who del's great piece, the Messiah,' produced, when sung had heard the wind whistle among the reeds. It is in London, at the close of the last century, a prodigious probable that while warriors early began to utter their effect; and it was fine to see old George the Third standwar-cry and sing their war-song, that shepherds first ing up at its celebration, amid a crowded assembly of his cultivated music as an art. According to Scripture, subjects, and bursting into tears. Robert Hall witnessed Jubal, the son of Lamech, played on musical instruments this with much emotion, and said it seemed a national even before the deluge. He was the father of those who testimony to the truth of Christianity. Of Mozart, the handle the harp and organ,' which proves, not that those great German composer, singular stories are told. His 1] instruments bore much resemblance to what we now de- sensibility to the finest differences of tones was so exquinominate by the terms harp and organ, but that musical site as often to cause him much pain. The sound of the instruments of some sort were then found out, and the trumpet, on one occasion, so affected him that he fell to art of music cultivated. We find afterwards that, among the ground, pale, lifeless, and convulsed. He was the the Hebrews, the character of poet and singer was united most absent, careless, and childish of men, till seated at in the same individual. One of the oldest songs with in- his piano, when he seemed to become inspired, and he strumental accompaniments is that which Miriam, the sat on its stool as on a throne. In later times, we have sister of Moses, sung after the passage of the Red Sea. all heard of Madame Catalani, from whose chest a perAt the time of David and Solomon, music had reached fect ocean of sound seemed to issue; of Miss Stephens; its highest perfection among the Hebrews, and part of of Paganini, with his one marvellous string; and of their religious service consisted in chanting solemn Braham, and Wilson, and last, not least, of Templeton. psalms, with instrumental accompaniments. In the struc- The late Dr Andrew Thomson of Edinburgh, who reture of Scripture poetry itself, in a certain parallelism sembled Luther in his lion-like character and courage, or repetition of the main idea in the different members resembled him also in his strong attachment to music.

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