of the climate would be ameliorated. We have singing for the million, drawing and dancing for the million, and why not baths for the million? Perchance this may be the case at some, and, I trust, not distant period.*

THE PASSIONS.

THE tempestuous ocean does not exhibit scenes more diversified than the various affections of the human mind. They arise partly from the mind itself, and partly from the various states and conditions of the body. Passions operate upon our system, either immediately or by degrees. Sudden death, or imminent danger of life, may be the consequence of the former; gradual decline and consumption, that of the latter. Passions, of whatever kind, when they arise to a violent degree, have a dangerous tendency to disease; nay, death itself may be the result. Maladies of the mind, after a time, induce disorders of the body; and derangement of the body occasionally terminates in

*Since the publication of the first edition, our hopes have been realized, by the establishment of public baths for the poor in various parts of the kingdom, and we trust success will attend this spirited attempt.

mental disorganization. In either instance, the complaint must be met by physical as well as moral remedies. It is only through the constitution and by the management of the body, that the passions may be rendered beneficial. When left to themselves, they affect us as tempests do the ocean, without our being able to counteract their baneful influence.

All affections consist in desire or aversion; hence they must consequently be accompanied with representations of so vivid a nature, as to induce the individual to perform actions conformable to them. For which reason, the affections must also be attended by sensible motions within our systems: not only by voluntary actions, but by such also as contribute to the support of life, and which are more or less violent, according to their degree. Joy, for instance, enlivens all the bodily functions, and, as it were, pervades the entire animal system. Hope has a similar effect. And these two contribute to the preservation of health and existence more than all the remedies we are possessed of. Of the other affections of the mind, we can, in most instances, observe scarcely any other effect than that of irregular motions, which, like medicines, in a limited degree, and under certain modifi

Y

cations, may be occasionally serviceable; hence, the dominion over our passions and affections is an essential and indispensable requisite to health.

Every human being is from his birth provided with a certain bias of inclinations, and with his peculiar moral temperament. The most delicate infant, even before it is capable of speaking, discovers, by its features and gestures, the ruling inclinations of its mind. If these be fostered in its susceptible breast, they will grow up with it, and take so deep a root, that the adult will not be able, without the greatest exertion, to overcome them by the power of reason.

Joy is that state of the mind in which it feels supreme pleasure, in which it enjoys a high degree of contentment and happiness: the whole frame is enlivened by its influence, the eye sparkles, the action of the heart and arteries is increased, the circulation of the fluids rendered more vigorous and uniform, it facilitates the cure of every malady and the period of convalescence the different degrees of this passion, are gaiety, cheerfulness, mirth, exultation, rapture, and extasy. Habitual joy and serenity emanating from the perfection, rectitude and due subordination of our faculties, and their exercise on objects lovely and

agreeable to them, constitute mental or rational happi

ness.

"There appears much joy in him, even so much that joy could not show itself modest enough without a badge of bitterness, a kind of overflow of kindness. There are no faces truer than those that are so washed. How much better is it to weep at joy, than to joy at weeping."

Hope is the anticipation of joy, or the presentiment of an unexpected good. It is attended with all the favourable effects of good fortune without its disadvantages, inasmuch as the expectation of happiness does not effect us in so lively a manner as the actual enjoyment of it: moreover it is not liable to those interruptions and alloys from which no human pleasure is exempt; it is employed chiefly with ideal objects and generally keeps within the bounds of moderation. Lastly, the sense of happiness contained in hope far exceeds the satisfaction received from immediate enjoyment, consequently exerts a more beneficial influence on health than good fortune actually realized. Although hope is in itself purely ideal and illusive, presenting its flattering embellished objects to our view in a borrowed splendour; yet it is nevertheless, if calmly contemplated, the only true source of human

felicity. Hope, therefore, may be considered one of the most favourable impulses to health, and has frequently preserved the well-being, and prolonged the existence of those who but for her benign influence would have sunk beneath their accumulated ills.

"What! we have many goodly days to see;
The liquid drops of tears that you have shed,
Shall come again transformed to orient peari;
Advantaging their loan with interest

Of ten times double gain of happiness."

Love, viewed in its most favourable light, presents us with a picture of permanent joy: the changes which this passion can effect on the powers, are truly remarkable; from which circumstance it deserves to be remarked of this, as well as the other passions, that the object of a favourite inclination, may again excite the suppressed feelings, or the lost sense of every other object.

"Love is not love

Which alters when it alteration finds,

Or bends with the remover to remove."

"Love is a familiar; love is a devil; there is no evil angel but love. Yet Sampson was tempted; and he had an excellent strength; yet Solomon was seduced, and he had a very good wit."

Disappointed love has frequently been productive of