58 30. The spleen, ill humor. The spleen was formerly supposed to be the seat of ill humor and fretfulness. 58 31. Sedentary tempers, i.e. sluggish temperaments. The word "temper" was formerly used to denote the mixture or relative proportion of the four cardinal humors, - blood, choler, phlegm, and melan choly. 59 24. The vapors, the "blues," depression of spirits. Business of this kind. See note referring to p. 51, 1. 18. 60 7. 60 10. Geldings, horses. 60 24. *689. Dr. Sydenham, an eminent English physician who died in 60 28. Medicina Gymnastica, or a Treatise concerning the Power of Exercise, by Francis Fuller, M. A. 61 5. A Latin treatise of exercises. quos Libri VI. (Venice, 1569). (From Morley's note.) ... Artis Gymnasticae apud AntiBy Hieronymus Mercurialis. 61 7. σκιομαχία, a later form of σκια-μαχία, has two meanings: it denotes an exercise for the hands and feet; and it is also the term for fighting with a shadow, or a mock fight. 61 16. Uneasy, disagreeable. XV. SIR ROGER GOES A-HUNTING. 61. Motto: "Loud calls Cithaeron and the hounds upon Taygetus." - Virgil: Georg. iii. 43 (Spectator, No. 116). 62 3. The Bastille, a prison in Paris which was destroyed at the breaking out of the Revolution, July 14, 1789. 62 32. 62 33. Stone-horse, stallion. Staked himself, i.e. was pierced with a stake while jumping. 63 3. Stop hounds, dogs trained to hunt slowly, stopping at the huntsman's signal. 63 6. Cry, pack. 63 6. The whole cry makes up a complete concert. A book printed in 1675, called Country Contentments, or, The Husbandman's Recreations, by Gervase Markham, contains the following: If you would have your kennel for sweetness of cry, then you must compound it of some large dogs, that have deep, solemn mouths, and are swift in spending, which must, as it were, bear the base in the consort; then a double number of roaring, and loud-ringing mouths, which must bear the counter-tenor; then some hollow, plain, sweet mouths, which must bear the mean or middle part; and so with these three parts of music, you shall make your cry perfect: and herein you shall observe, that these hounds thus mixed, do run just and even together, and do not hang loose off from one another, which is the vilest sight that may be; etc." 63 13. Counter tenor, high tenor. 63 17. My hounds are bred, etc. IV. Sc. I. 63 18. 63 18. Midsummer Night's Dream, Act Flewed. Hounds have low-hanging "flews," or chaps. So sanded, i.e. of such a sandy color. 63 20. Dewlapped. The "dewlap" is the pendulous skin under the neck, such as characterizes the ox. 63 21. 63 22. Mouths. This should be mouth, which means bark. Each under each, i.e. at proper musical intervals. 64 1. To beat, i.e. to range over a certain country, beating the bushes to rouse the game. 64 4. Furze-brake, a thicket of thorny evergreen shrubs. 65 2. [Having] been put up again, i.e. having been started from her cover. 65 20. Spent, exhausted. 65 21. Threw down his pole. Speaking of a set of contemporary prints representing hunting scenes in the eighteenth century, Ashton says: "Only the gentlemen are represented as being on horseback, the huntsmen having leaping poles. This was better for them than being mounted, for the country was nothing like as cultivated as now, and perfectly undrained, so that they could go straighter on foot, and with these poles leaps could be taken that no horseman would attempt." In his Social Life in the Reign of Queen Anne, vol. i. chaps. xxii., xxiii., and xxiv., Ashton gives an interesting account of the sports of the English gentry. 65 26. Opening, baying. 66 3. Monsieur Pascal. Blaise Pascal, the celebrated French philosopher and mathematician, was born in 1623. Macaulay says of his writings: "All Europe read and admired, laughed and wept." 66 4. Discourse on the Misery of Man (M'sère de l'homme). This is the seventh article in the Pensées de Pascal (Pascal's Thoughts). 67 1. Lines out of Mr. Dryden. John Dryden, noted as poet, dramatist, and critic, was born in 1631 and died in 1700. The extract is from his Epistle XV. To John Dryden. The first two lines quoted are the 73d and 74th; the next is the 88th; the rest follow in their proper order. XVI. A VILLAGE WITCH. 67. Motto: "Their visions are of their own making.” — Virgil: Eclog. viii. 108 (Spectator, No. 117). 66 67 22. Witchcraft. The following extract is from an act passed in 1603 (1 James I. Cap. 12), which continued in force until 1736: if any person or persons . . . shall use, practice, or exercise any invocation or conjuration of any evil and wicked spirit; or shall consult, covenant with, entertain, employ, feed, or reward any evil and wicked spirit to or for any intent or purpose, or take up any dead man, woman, or child, out of his, her, or their grave, ... or shall use, practice, or exercise any witchcraft . . . whereby any person shall be killed, destroyed, wasted, consumed, pined or lamed in his or her body, or any part thereof, that then every such offender or offenders . . . shall suffer pains of death as a felon or felons, and shall lose the privilege and benefit of clergy and sanctuary." For an interesting account of witchcraft, see John Ashton's The Devil in Britain and America (1896). 68 22. The following description in Otway. Thomas Otway, a celebrated English dramatist, was born in 1651. The extract given is from the second act of a tragedy called The Orphan. The first line should read: " Through a close lane etc." The next line, which is here omitted, is: "And meditated on the last night's vision." 68 31. Weeds, garments. XVII. SIR ROGER'S REFLECTIONS ON THE WIDOW. 71. Motto: "Fast sticks the deadly arrow in his side."— Virgil: En. iv. 73 (Spectator, No. 118). 72 12. Impertinent, meddlesome, intrusive. 72 13. Pleasant, amusing. 72 15. Is a great fortune, i.e. possesses a great fortune. We have the colloquial expression, "He's a great catch." 72 32. Addressed to, wooed. 72 32. Presented, courted by gifts. 74 22. This woman, the widow, of course. 75 8. Comes into the garden out of books, i.e. leaves her books to some into the garden. "That city they call Rome, I, simple clown, Thought, Melibus, like our country town."- (Ogilby.) VIRGIL: Eclog. i. 20 (Spectator, No. 119). 75 22. Several, various. 76 2. Conversation, social intercourse. 76 19. Them, i.e. the manners of the last age. 76 22. Never conversed in the world, i.e. never mingled in fashion. able society. 78 18. Head-dresses. In No. 98 of the Spectator, Addison says, speaking of the head-dress: “About ten years ago, it shot up to a very great height, insomuch that the female part of our species were much taller than the men. The women were of such an enormous stature that we appeared as grasshoppers before them." XIX. SIR ROGER AT THE ASSIZES. 79. Motto: "A pleasant comrade on the road is as good as a coach." Publius Syrus (Spectator, No. 122). 79 27. County assizes, periodical sessions held in the county by the judges of the superior courts. 80 5. Yeoman. The yeomen in England are considered as next in order to the gentry. 80 5. Of about an hundred pounds a year, i.e. having an income of about a hundred pounds a year. 80 6. The Game Act. The act referred to, 3 James I. Cap. 14, clause 5, declared that no one might shoot game who had not an income of forty pounds a year or two hundred pounds' worth of goods and chattels. The law was in force until 1827. 80 13. Petty jury. The petty (or petit) jury consists of twelve men who are impaneled to try causes at court. It is so named in distinction from the grand jury, which may consist of a larger number. The functions of the two are distinct. 80 15. For taking the law of everybody, i.e. for bringing the law to bear upon everybody. 80 19. Ejectments, actions for the recovery of the possession of real property, and damages and costs for the wrongful withholding of it. 80 23. He has cast and been cast, i.e. he has gained lawsuits, and has lost them. put him up in a sign 82 9. To do honor to his old master had post before the door. Mr. G. Gregory Smith says in his note: "Portrait signs were not uncommon. Pontack, the famed purveyor, had a likeness of his father on his signboard." 82 32. Discovering, giving vent to. XX. THE EDUCATION OF AN HEIR. 83. Motto: "Learning improves native gifts, and wise discipline strengthens the character: degenerate morals are not redeemed by noble birth." Horace: Od. IV. iv. 33 (Spectator, No. 123). This makes me often think on a story I have heard. 84 16. In a letter to Mr. Montague, written on the day that this number of the Spectator was published, Addison says: Being very well pleased with this day's Spectator, I cannot forbear sending you one of them, and desiring your opinion of the story in it. When you have a son I shall be glad to be his Leontine, as my circumstances will probably be like his 85 2. The Gazette. The London Gazette is the official newspaper of the government. It was first published in 1642, but the first of the existing series was issued at Oxford in 1665, whither the court had gone to escape from the plague. Steele was appointed gazetteer in 1707. Turned of forty, i.e. a little over forty. In his essay on The Danger of Procrastination, Cowley says: "But there is no fooling with life, when it is once turned beyond forty." 85 10. 86 31. The Inns of Court. See note referring to p. 7, 1. 6. 87 11. Uneasy, disturbing. 87 33. Closet, private apartment. XXI. MISCHIEFS OF PARTY SPIRIT. 89. Motto: 89 4. "Your hearts to harden with dire war forbear, Nor with such force your country's bowels tear." - (Ogilby.) VIRGIL: En. vi. 833 (Spectator, No. 125). Roundheads and Cavaliers. During the reign of Charles I. the nickname, Roundheads, was given to the Puritans, who wore their hair short. They were so called in opposition to the Cavaliers, or Royalists, who wore their hair long. 89 6. St. Anne's Lane. "Probably St. Anne's Lane, Great Peter Street, Westminster, where Purcell [an eminent musician and composer] lived." (Mr. Aitken's note.) 89 22. Make honest gentlemen hate one another. "Soon after this paper appeared, Swift wrote to Esther Johnson [See Journal to |