appeared who would defend either him or his memory. Moreover witnesses having been examined concerning the final impenitence and pertinacity of the said John Wicleff, by commissioners deputed by lord John, the present Pope, and this Council, and every thing being observed that should be, as the course of law requires in such a cause, we are lawfully assured, by evident signs approved of lawful witnesses, concerning his impenitence and final pertinacity. Wherefore the Procurator Fiscal being urgent, and the edict having been set forth for hearing sentence on this day; this holy Synod declares, defines, and records, that the same John Wicleff was a notorious and pertinacious heretic, and that he died in heresy, by anathematizing him and condemning his memory. And it decrees and ordains that his body and bones (if they can be distinguished from

sive ejus memoriam defensaret. Examinatis insuper testibus super impœnitentia finali, pertinaciaque dicti Joannis Wicleff, per commissarios deputatos per dominum Joannem papam modernum, et hoc Concilium, servatisque servandis, prout in tali negotio postulat ordo juris, de ejus impœnitentia ac finali pertinacia, per evidentia signa testibus legitimis comprobata, fuit legitime facta fides. Propterea instante procuratore fiscali, edictoque proposito ad audiendum sententiam ad hanc diem; hæc sancta Synodus declarat, diffinit, et sententiat, eumdem Joannem Wicleff fuisse notorium hæreticum pertinacem, ac in hæresi decessisse, anathematizando ipsum pariter et suam memoriam condemnando. Decernitque et ordinat, corpus et ejus ossa (si ab aliis

other bodies of the faithful), be dug up, and cast away far from the Church's burying place, according to the canonical and legitimate appointments.

fidelibus corporibus discerni possunt) exhumari, et procul ab Ecclesiæ sepultura jactari, secundum canonicas et legitimas sanctiones. Conc. xii. 49.

SESSION XIII.—(Communion in one kind.)

Whereas, in some parts of the world, certain persons rashly presume to assert, that the Christian people ought to receive the Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist under both kinds of bread and wine; and do every where communicate the laity, not only in the bread, but also in the wine; and pertinaciously assert also, that they ought to communicate after supper, or else not fasting, doing this contrary to the laudable custom of the Church, which is agreeable to reason, which they damnably endeavour to reprobate as sacrilegious, this present holy General Council of

Sessio XIII.

Cum in nonnullis mundi partibus quidam temerariè asserere præsumant, populum Christianum debere Sacrum Eucharistiæ Sacramentum sub utraque panis et vini specie suscipere; et non solum sub specie panis, sed etiam sub specie vini populum laicum passim communicent; etiam post cœnam, vel alias non jejunum, et communicandum esse pertinaciter asserant contra laudabilem Ecclesiæ consuetudinem rationabiliter approbatam, quam tanquam sacrilegam damnabiliter reprobare conantur; hinc est, quod

Constance, lawfully assembled in the Holy Ghost, earnestly desiring to protect the safety of the faithful against this error, after much and mature deliberation had of many who are learned both in divine and human law, declares, decrees, and determines, that, although Christ instituted this venerable sacrament after supper, and administered it to His disciples under both kinds of bread and wine, yet, notwithstanding this, the laudable authority of the sacred canons, and the approved custom of the Church has observed, that this sacrament ought not to be performed after supper, nor be received by the faithful unless fasting, except in the case of sickness, or any other necessity, either duly conceded or admitted by the Church; and, in like manner, that although in the primitive Church this Sacrament was received of the faithful under both kinds, yet for the avoiding

hoc præsens Concilium sacrum Generale Constantiense, in Spiritu Sancto legitime congregatum, adversus hunc errorem saluti fidelium providere satagens, matura plurimum doctorum tam divini quam humani juris deliberatione præhabita, declarat, decernit, et diffinit, quod licet Christus post cœnam instituerit, et suis discipulis administraverit sub utraque specie panis et vini hoc venerabile Sacramentum, tamen hoc non obstante, sacrorum canonum auctoritas laudabilis, et approbata consuetudo Ecclesiæ servavit et servat, quod hujusmodi sacramentum non debet confici post cœnam, neque a fidelibus recipi non jejunis, nisi in casu infirmitatis, aut alterius necessitatis, a jure vel Ecclesia concesso, vel admisso; et similiter, quod licet in primitiva Ecclesia hujusmodi Sacramentum reciperetur a fidelibus sub utraque specie, tamen hæc

L

any dangers and scandals, the custom has reasonably been introduced that it be received by the officiating persons under both kinds, but by the laity only under the kind of bread: since it is to be believed most firmly, and in no wise to be doubted, that the whole body and blood of Christ is truly contained as well under the species of bread as under that of wine.

consuetudo ad evitandum aliqua pericula et scandala est rationabiliter introducta, quod a conficientibus sub utraque specie, et a laicis tantummodo sub specie panis suscipiatur; cum firmissimè credendum sit, et nullatenus dubitandum, integrum Christi corpus et sanguinem tam sub specie panis quam sub specie vini veraciter contineri. . . .

That no Presbyter, on pain of excommunication, communicate the People under both kinds of bread and

wine.

Also, the same holy Synod decrees and declares upon this subject, that processes be directed to the most reverend fathers in Christ, the lord patriarchs &c., in which shall be charged and commanded, under pain of excommunication, by the

Item ipsa sancta Synodus decernit et declarat super ista materia, reverendissimis in Christo patribus et dominis patriarchis, primatibus, archiepiscopis, episcopis, et eorum in spiritualibus vicariis bilibet constitutis, processus esse dirigendos, in quibus eis commit

authority of this Council, that they effectually punish those who act contrary to this decree, and who, by communicating the people under both kinds of bread and wine, have exhorted and taught that it ought to be so done and if they return to repentance, let them be received into the bosom of the Church, a wholesome penance being enjoined them proportioned to their offence. But if any of them with a hardened heart, shall refuse to return to repentance, they are to be compelled, as heretics, by ecclesiastical censures, the assistance of the secular arm being called in (if necessary).

tatur et mandetur auctoritate hujus sacri Concilii, sub pœna excommunicationis, ut effectualiter puniant eos contra hoc decretum excedentes, qui communicando populum sub utraque specie panis et vini exhortati fuerint, et sic faciendum esse docuerint: et si ad pœnitentiam redierint, ad gremium Ecclesiæ suscipiantur, injuncta eis pro modo culpæ pœnitentia salutari. Qui vero ex illis ad pœnitentiam redire non curaverint, animo indurato, per censuras ecclesiasticas per eos ut hæretici sunt coercendi, invocato etiam ad hoc (si opus fuerit) auxilio brachii sæcularis.-- Conc. xiii. 100-1.

SESSION XV.-Of John Hus.

The holy general Synod of Constance, &c. . Moreover, having seen the acts and pleadings had

Session XV.

Sacrosancta generalis Constantiensis Synodus

Visis insuper actis et actitatis in causa inquisitionis