tage there is no cluster to eat my foul defired the first ripe fruit: the good man is perished out of the earth,"

Admitting all that can be faid in favour of this righteous and merciful' ftatesman, fome apology perhaps may be made for ingra. his countrymen, to exculpate them from the charge of titude and a fullen infenfibility.' When his lordship's body lay in ftate, people of all ranks ran in crowds to fee, to touch, to falute his coffin, and to pay their last respects to the deceased patriot. The citizens of London, not content with feeing him at Westminster, earneftly petitioned, that they might have the honour of having his bones depofited in their cathedral. And, to crown the whole, the grand council of the nation made a munificent fettlement on his pofterity, and ordered him to be canonized in the Abbey. These are fo far from being indications of a fullen infenfibility,' that fome invidious people have confidered them, as the extravagances of patriotic enchufiafm.

--

CONTROVERSIAL.

A fhort View of the Tenets of Tritheißs, Sabellians, Trinitarians, Arians, and Socinians. 8vo. 15. Johnson.

The controverfy concerning the Trinity has long fince been rendered fo intricate, by the different opinions and the fubtile diftinctions of contending parties, that it is hardly poffible for a common reader to form any distinct idea of the various and contradictory schemes, which have been propofed for the explication of this mystery, not merely by heretics, but even by the most orthodox divines. The defign of this useful work is therefore to give plain Chriftians a general notion of the principal opinions, which have been maintained concerning the Trinity, and the difficulties attending them; and to promote candour and charity among thofe, who differ in their fentiments on this profound fubject.

MEDICAL.

A Letter to Sir Robert Barker, Knt. F. R. S. and George Staepoole, Ejq. upon General Inoculation. By J. C. Lettfom, M. D. 410. 6d. Dilly.

The advantage of inoculation being now fo universally acknowledged, we fhould imagine that the benevolent affections, rather than the judgement, are concerned in rendering the practice more general among the poor. In this Letter Dr. Leitfom endeavours to promote fuch a design from several confiderations, which we hope will not be overlooked by thofe who are fenfible of the importance of preventing the natural fmall-pox in fo populous a city as London.

Obfervations on the Sore Throat and Fever, that raged in the North of Scotland in the Year 1777. By Robert Saunders, Phyfician at Bamff. 8vo. 1s. Murray.

This Letter contains an account of the fuccefs attending the antiphlogistic method of cure, in the fore throat and fever, a

dif

difeafe that seems to have raged much at Bamff in the course of last year, for which this treatment had been recommended in the Medical Commentaries publifhed by a Society at Edin burgh.

An Account of the epidemical Sore Throat, with the Method of Treat ment. By G. Levifon, M. D. 8vo. 15. 6d. White. A mean and inaccurate performance, no lefs obviously de fective in respect of practical knowledge than of literary compofition.

Methods of Cure in fome particular Cafes of Infanity, &c. By W. Perfect, Surgeon. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Dodfley.

To afford a display of fuccefsful practice, rather than to enrich the medical art by any new obfervation, appears to be the defign of this pamphlet: which therefore confifts of cafes too general for inftruction, and apparently felected with a view dif inct from that of the improvement of science.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The Complete Works of M. de Montefquieu. Tranflated from the French. 8vo. 4 vols. 1. 45. Evans.

An English verfion of the whole works of this eminent writer, executed with fidelity, cannot fail to attract the regard of all who are acquainted with the philofophical penetration which distinguished him, as well as with those ornaments of style, that may be generally obferved in his compofitions.

English Humanity no Paradox: or, an Attempt to prove that the English are not a Nation of Savages. 8vo. 15. 6d. Lowndes.

6

Voltaire has been pleafed to ftyle us the favages of Europe;' and Rouffeau has obferved, that thofe people, who are great eaters of meat, are in general more ferocious and cruel than other men; and that the English barbarity is well known; whereas the Gaures, he fays, are, on the contrary, the meekeft creatures in the world.' Others have condemned us for certain cuftoms and practices, which feem to indicate a cruelty of difpofition; fuch as, duelling, whipping, bruifing, boxing, cockfighting, the occupations of our butchers and cooks, the number of our executions, our fhynefs towards foreigners, &c. The author of this pamphlet answers thefe objections, and produces feveral inftances, which are inconteftible proofs of our national humanity.

The expreffion of the Roman poet, Britannos hofpitibus feros,' has been often thrown out against us. On this paffage the author very properly obferves, that the Romans called the people of every unfubdued nation, barbarians; and that "hofpitibus feros" probably means no more, than the ferocity of the British nation, difplayed agaira che invaders of their coaft, of which Julius Cæfar had fome experience, at his first descent.—

The

The author has difplayed fome reading, and fome humour in this publication,

An Enquiry into the Manners of the prefent Age. By a Lady Small 8vo. 15. Bew.

:

Moral reflections on thofe vain and delufive pleafares, which are pursued by libertines and men of the world and on thofe rational delights, which are enjoyed by men of fenfe and virtue. The author's language is elaborate and flowery.'

The Defcription of the Hot Bath, at Bath, together with Plans, Elevations, and Sections of the fame. The Defigns of John Wood, Archited. Folio. 5s. Dodfley.

The fubject of this performance is diftin&tly delineated, and affords a ftrong proof of the architectural talents of the author, whofe tafte and judgement are jointly difplayed to great advan-' tage in the conftruction of this bath.

Dangers and Disadvantages to the Public and Eaft India Company, from that Company's Building and Navigating their own Ships.

8vo. IS. Sewell.

The author appears to be well acquainted with his fubject, and urges ftrong arguments against the Eaft India Company's building and navigating their own fhips. But as the propofed measure will doubtless be maturely confidered by the Court of Directors, we fhall not enter upon any detail that might anticipate their resolutions.

True and lawful Matrimony, or established Ceremonies not effential to that honourable State. 8vo. 1. Hogg.

A dull, inconfiftent, ortho-heterodoxical medley, refpecting the religious and moral obligations of marriage.. Confiderations on the Nature, Quality, and Diftinctions of Coal and Culm. 8vo. 15. Richardfon and Urquhart.

In this pamphlet the author endeavours to explain the difference between coal and culm, fo far as refpects their feveral ufes, and the effects of fire upon them. Culm being chiefly appropriated to the manufacture of brick and lime, the au thor obferves, that a tax upon it would increase the price of those articles, and that it therefore ought, in good policy, to be exempted from impoft.

Remarks on Confiderations on the Nature, &c. of Coal and Culm. 8vo. IS. Bew.

·

Thefe Remarks are intended as a reply to the preceding pamphlet, and contains fome pertinent information to those who are concerned in the enquiry.

THE

CRITICAL REVIEW.

For the Month of August, 1778.

A View of Northumberland with an Excurfion to the Abbey of Mailrofs in Scotland. By W. Hutchinson. 4to. 155. in boards. Johnfon.

A

FTER giving a fummary detail of the hiftory of Northumberland, the author of the prefent volume proceeds to a defcription of this county, which he enters at the fouthwest point, where it joins the county of Cumberland, on the Maiden Way, a military Roman road.

The Maiden Way, he observes, extended from a small fort, called Maiden Caftle, on Stainmore, by Kirby Thore, in Weftmoreland, to Caer Voran, in Northumberland, and was guarded by a chain of stations. One of those was the Alione of Antoninus, now called Whitley Castle, fituated on the Gilderdale, a rivulet which forms the boundary of the fouthweft part of Northumberland. This place is described as lying on an irregular defcent, inclining to the eaft, and forming an oblong fquare, with obtufe angles. It measures a hundred and forty paces from east to weft, and a hundred and ten from north to fouth. The ground falls abruptly from the eastern fide of this station; but on the weft it is overlooked by hills, whence it might easily have been attacked.

From Whitley Caftle the traveller leads us by Knaresdale and Lambley, to Featherfton Caftle, and Bellifter Castle, both which, with the adjacent country, he faithfully defcribes.

The Roman ftation at Caer Voran was fituated on a declivity, which defcends abruptly towards the fouth-west, about a hundred yards diftant from the Picts wall. It is of a square figure, with obtufe angles, each fide measuring a hundred and twenty paces. About feven paces from the southern fide, VOL. XLVI. August, 1778. G

is the prætorium, ftill very diftinguishable, and commanding an extensive prospect. The gentleman who farms the ground, we are told, is at prefent raifing the foundations of the pra torium; and it is expected that he will difcover fome valuable antiquities. This ftation is fuppofed to be the ancient Magna, where, according to the Notitia, the Cohors Secunda Dalmatarum was quartered. The ramparts are very confpicuous, and the whole ditch remains clearly difcernible. The military road, called the Maiden Way, paffes through this place; and here are many fragments of inferiptions, effigies, and other Roman antiquities.

The moft remarkable Roman antiquity in Northumberland is the Picts wall, which was built as a barrier against the incurfions of the northern inhabitants of the island, and reached from the Solway Frith to the mouth of the Tyne. It was calied by the Romans Vallum Barbaricum, Pretentatura, and Clauf ra. Of this kind of fortification three were erected fucceffively, at diftant periods. The first vallum, or that of Hadrian, was conftructed of earth, about the year 123 of the Chriftian era. The next was that of Severus, bearing date about the year 210, and fuppofed by feveral antiquaries to have been of mafonry. The third and laft vallum is generally imagined to have been the work of the Britons, affifted by the Romans, under the third confulate of Etius, about the year 444.

The following extract contains a general description of those fortifications, as they have been delineated by Mr. Horley, and Mr. Warburton, intermixed with the author's own obfervations.

It is evident there have been three different prætenturæ erected here at different times, and by different perfons: the first of which was a series of ftations or forts, placed quite cross the country; and this, it is prefumed, was done chiefly by Julias Agricola, and is the most ancient of the three. Next to this was erected Hadrian's vallum, and its appurtenances; after which the aforefaid ftations might probably go by the name of Atationes per liniam valli. The last and ftrongest fence of all was (as moft learned antiquaries agree) built by Severus, which is a flene wall, that lays north of the rampiers of earth.

• Hadrian's vallum was the fecond prætentatura, and feems rather to have given the former the name of ftations per liniam valli, than the wall of Severus. What Bede fays of the wall's being rebuilt afterwards by the Romans, is applicable to this:

that it is carried on from town to town much in a trait line.” What belongs to this work, is the vallum on the brink of the ditch, having the ditch on the north, another vallum fouthward, dillant from the former about fixteen feet, and a large

vallum