Suss. I, 321, 322.) At Milton, anciently Mydleton, in this parish was once a chapel, of which vestiges yet exist contiguous to the farm-house. Though in Arlington parish, a portion of the estate pays tithes to Wilmington.-In the hamlet of Milton is the site of Burlow, or Burlough, Castle. (Ut sup. 320.)

13. ARUNDEL. This spacious, lofty church consists of nave, north and south aisles slightly projecting where might be transepts, central tower, chancel, and lady chapel adjoining on the north, with north and south porches to the nave, the former of wood, plain and open. Some brasses remain in the chancel, or Fitzalan chapel, and in the adjunct, but several others are missing. An effigy of Agnes Salmon, A.D. 1430, is described in (Monum. Brasses, 87.)-At Pyneham near Arundel a priory was founded before A.D. 1151 by Adelissa, Queen of K. Henry I; which was called also de Calceto, or of the Causeway. (Dallaway's Western Sussex, II, 56, in Monast. VI, 259.) This spot however is declared to be in the parish of Lyminster. (Horsfield's Suss. II, 144.)

A college for a master and twelve canons was founded in the parish church by Rich. Earl of Arundel, A.D. 1380, when he erected the church. The Maison Dieu, or Hospital of the Holy Trinity, was founded by the same munificent nobleman, also about 1380. (Horsfield's Suss. II, 129.) The original of the Earl of Arundel's college was the alien priory of St. Nicholas, established by Roger de Montgomeri, founder of the Benedictine abbey of Seez, Normandy, which comprised a prior and four monks, but existed only till the wars of K. Edward III, who first confiscated the lands of alien priories. Rich. Earl of Arundel procured from K. Richard II a grant of the endowment of the above named priory of St. Nicholas, and bestowed it upon his new college, A.D. 1386. (Monast. VI, 1377.) Extensive ruins of the college are yet standing close to the church on the south. The ruins of the hospital of the Holy Trinity are visible near the bridge, showing the building to have been constructed merely of chalk. (D. B.) mentions payments from Arundel castle, "castrum Harundel," in the time of K. Edward the Confessor; also the port, "portus aquæ ;" and "consuetudines navium;" and describes the place as a borough, “burgum." The church is named, but casually as St. Nicholas, and also the chapel of St. Martin: which latter is said to have been in the castle.-A forest of Arundel is noticed temp. K. Edward I. (Hasted's Kent, IV, 711, fol.) "Erundele was one of the

estates bequeathed by King Alfred to his kinsman Osferth. (Asser's Alfred by Wise, 77.)

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14. ASHBURNHAM.-I have assigned the Domesday name "Esseborne" to this place correctly, as I believe, though not without consideration. It is described as in "Folsalre" hundred, the first name, which occurs in connection with it, being "Herste," as I conceive Hurst Monceux, a neighbouring parish to Ashburnham. The second is " Werlinges;" Wartling, the next parish to Hurst Monceux. Esseborne" follows, and then Francwelle," which last I am unable to identify. My application of the name Esseborne appears to be justified by (A.D. 1291), where we read "Vicarius de Essheburnehamme cum Penhurst." On the other hand at Esseborne are stated to be "three saltpans," ," which certainly does not seem to accord very well with the situation of Ashburnham. The distance however to the sea is not very great; and we know not how far the manor might extend, those of (D. B.) having occasionally portions remote from the central part. See, for example, Burgemere below. Werlinges also had "three saltpans," of higher value, namely, "of seven shillings," whereas those of Esseborne were only fifty-eight pence;" and the existing limits of parishes afford abundant evidence of the great care, anciently taken to distribute equally the varying advantages or disadvantages of soil and situation; on which principle saltpans might be attached to Ashburnham, though the manor generally laid far from the sea. Moreover it is possible that the sea approached nearer to Ashburnham in 1086, than at present. It should likewise be mentioned, that elsewhere, among the possessions of the same peer, the Earl of Eu, "Brunham," in "Hailesaltede" hundred, can apparently signify no other place than Ashburnham, most of the names, occurring in the same description, being clearly to be recognised for Watlington, Mountfield, Netherfield, and Beche, probably Bexhill. But these places lie on the eastern, Hurst Monceux &c. on the south-western, side of Ashburnham; and there are numerous examples of manors being mentioned in (D. B.) partly in one hundred, partly in another, while variations in spelling names are perpetual, as already alluded to in the Preface. Although both are now included in the same parish, and even the two names amalgamated, Esseborne and Brunham might well be separate estates or manors in the time of K. William I, the former lying on the western, the latter on the eastern side of the parish. Unquestionably Esseborne cannot

mean East Bourne. Ashburnham is now in Foxearle hundred, which title we may trace in the "Folsalre" of (D. B.) In the (Nonæ Roll,) as in (A. D. 1291), Ashburnham and Penhurst are annexed, but two churches are named. Also "Ashburnham, V. with Penhurst, R." (Clergy List, 1850.)

"Ashburnham forge, the last of the iron works in the eastern division of this county, has ceased to work about seven years.' (Horsfield's Suss. I, 560, published in 1834.) But under Dallington (Ib. 568), he writes, " Ashburnham furnace, as it is generally called, is just in this parish. It has ceased working about twenty years, and the buildings have since been taken down." For an interesting historical memoir on the Iron Works of Sussex consult (Suss. Arch. Coll. II, 169 et seq.), especially the beginning for the evidence of the manufacture having been carried on by the Romans.-The small stream, which runs from Ashburnham, is still called the Ashburne.

15. ASHINGTON.-This church contains some coloured glass. (Horsfield's Suss. II, 244.) In (Val. Eccl.) this place appears with Buncton chapelry attached to it. It is perhaps far from improbable, that Ashington may be signified by the "Aschongum" in King Alfred's will, named together with Arundel, Beeding, Compton, &c. (Asser's Alfred by Wise, 77.)

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16. ASHURST. This church "has undergone a thorough repair within a few years, so as to completely alter its original appearance." (Horsfield's Suss. II, 245.)

17. BARGHAM-Is now included in the parish of Angmering, but was formerly a distinct parish, possessing its own church, which must have been desecrated and destroyed now for some centuries. The name is in the neighbourhood pronounced "Barfham," Barpham therefore may be conjectured the true title, in distinction from the contiguous parish of Burpham. This place, now scarcely a hamlet even, lies nearly on the summit of the hill beyond Angmering park northward, about two miles and a half from the village of Angmering. A little north-west of the old manor-house, in the north-east angle of the large grass field on the opposite side of the lane to the house, the foundations of the church yet appear just above the ground (visited in the autumn of A.D. 1848). The outline is clearly traceable, proving the building to have comprised only nave and chancel, the length of the whole measuring but twenty-one paces. The mortar of the old walls is very hard, without the apparent admixture of any kind of gravel. The spot may be easily recognised by an

ash tree standing within the area of the foundations. Barpham chapel is neither named nor indicated in either the map of the county engraved by Hondius, 1610, that by Kip about 1670, or that of the original edition of Camden. It is affirmed, that "the church had fallen to decay before the time of Elizabeth." (Horsfield's Suss. II, 141.)

Bargham and Burgham, now Burpham, are clearly distinguished from each other in (A.D. 1291), being mentioned separately under different authorities in the diocese. The Domesday title "Bercheham" and the church are considered to belong to Bargham, not to Burpham, because the latter seems most likely to have been comprised under "Wepeham," which is specially named by itself, and must be the same place now existing as Wepham close to the present village of Burpham. The (Nonæ Roll) speaks of the church and parish of "Burgh'm," which entry occurs immediately after Fishbourne, and before Alciston, without any clue to identify the place intended. In that record the names stand in such (apparent) confusion, that it is not easy to say whether "Burgh'm" means Bargham, Birdham, Burpham, or Burton, which are not otherwise noticed; but the Inquisition having been taken at Chichester, the name perhaps signifies some parish in the western division of the county.

18. BARNHAM.-This place was royal property in ancient times, having been bequeathed by King Alfred to his nephew Athelm under the title of "Burnham." (Asser's Alfred by Wise, 77.)

19. BATTLE.-Here is a church of chancel, nave with north and south aisles possessing chancels, south porch, and square west tower with battlements and stair turret. The aisles also have battlements and stair turrets. The building is chiefly E.E., with Dec. and later windows. In the main chancel is a trefoilheaded piscina under a small trefoiled arcade, and two sedilia quite plain without canopies. In the south chancel is a trefoiled straight-arched piscina, mutilated; also three niches with groined canopies, mutilated. In the north chancel is a double piscina under a cinquefoiled ogée-headed arch. Near the north door is a small roundheaded window, internally splayed only eastward. At the east end of the north aisle, both within and without the outside wall, are some appearances, difficult to explain. Some alteration must have taken place here. The roodloft passages remain through the piers of the chancel arch, and over the arch between the north aisle and its chancel. The north chancel

There are several small

ranges eastward with the principal one. portions of coloured glass. Much of the outer wall exhibits rubble masonry; the remainder is faced with ashlar. Brasses: a man in armour, fifteenth century (W. Arnold, Horsfield's Suss.); a priest later.*Of the beautiful abbey gateway, which remains entire, a small portion of the front shows rubble masonry and a Norm. buttress. The prominent part of the remainder is Dec. In the boundary wall towards and opposite the church are also several Norm. buttresses. Beside the grand gateway, which highly ornaments the street of Battle, there are many vestiges of the abbey buildings in the mansion and private grounds of Sir G. Webster, Bart., for a description of which see Parry (Coast of Sussex, 316, &c.)-Kilburne asserts (under Wye, p. 298) that this place was named Herst before the foundation of the abbey. For this however he adduces no authority, and his statement is at variance with that of Ordericus Vitalis (quoted in Thorpe's Lappenberg, II, 301, note 2), who mentions "Senlacium bellum,the battle at Senlac," and " ad locum qui Senlac antiquitus vocabatur, at the place which was anciently called Senlac." Thorpe's addition to the above note is, "In middle-age latinity bellum is commonly used for prælium." Parry says (Coast of Sussex, 310) that, before the battle of Hastings, the name of the village here was "Epyton," but neither does he give any authority. In (D. B.) the titles bestowed are, "The Abbey of St. Martin of the place of the Battle," and "The Church of the Battle. Abbatia Sancti Martini de loco belli; Sancti Martini de Labatailge ;" and Ecclesia de la Batailge."—The high altar of the abbey church marked the spot on which Harold's standard was erected, (where “Harold and his standard fell," Gough, quoted in Monast. III, 233;) and where, after the victory, was placed William's “consecrated banner," presented to him by the Pope. (Thorpe's Lappenberg, II, 301, 288.)—The consecration of the abbey did not take place till February 1094 (that is, 1095 new style) when the king, William Rufus, was at Hastings on his route into Normandy. "Then went the king to Hæstinga at Candlemas; and while he waited there for a favourable wind, he gave permission for the consecration of the monastery at the place of the Battle." (Gibs. Chron. Sax. 200.) The abbey was exempted by K. William I from all episcopal jurisdiction, and received, in fact, almost

*The perplexing appearances, noticed above p. 192 as visible at the east end of the north aisle of Battle church, may not improbably indicate the existence in the thickness of the worth wall of the stairs leading to the roodloft; similarly to the examples mentioned in the Note on Offham, Kent, p. 122.