opera et industria M. Petri oliverii et Iohannis mauditier Impressorum Rothomagi, iuxta sacellum diui apostolorum principis Petri commorantium. Impensa vero Iohannis richardi mercatoris: hoc novum et egregium opus sacri Missalis ad usum famose ac percelebris ecclesie Helfordensis nuper instanti ac peruigili cura visum correctum et emendatum. Necnon auctoritate reuerendi in Christo patris et domini ejusdem ecclesie epyscopi meritissimi, ac dominorum decani et capituli: est in propatulo venale facili precio coram cunctis productum et exhibitum." Colophon. "Finis Missalis ad vsum celebris ecclesie Helfordensis. summa cura ac vigili opera nuper Impressi Rothomagi cum additione, Accentuarii legentibus in ecclesiis valde vtili. Et hoc impensis Iohannis richardi eiusdem Rothomagi civis non immeriti: iuxta ecclesiam diui nicholai commorantis." I would add that at sign. A. 1. after the Calendar and several pages containing directions how to say the Collects, the Kyries, &c., the short title at the head of the service for the first Sunday in Advent is, "Incipit missale secundum vsum Herfordensem."

The Use of York is taken from an edition of that Missal also in the Bodleian Library: Fol. Title. "Missale ad vsum celeberrime ecclesie Eboracensis optimis caracteribus recenter Impressum cura pervigili maximaque lucubratione mendis quampluribus emendatum. Sumptibus et expensis Iohannis gachet mercatoris librarii bene meriti juxta prefatam ecclesiam commorantis. Anno Domini decimo sexto supra millesimum et quingentesimum. Die vero quinta Februarii completum atque perfectum." Colophon. "Ad laudem et gloriam omnipotentis dei et originis marie ac totius curie celestis exaratum et completum ac etiam in pristino statu redactum

est hoc presens missale ad vsum insignis ecclesie Eboracensis. Opera honesti viri Magistri Petri Olivier impressoris Rothomagi commorantis." The York Missal is a book of extreme rarity: Sir Harris Nicolas in his very useful Chronology of History says, "it is doubtful whether any perfect copy exists, except the one preserved at Cambridge in the library of S. John's College." 92 This however is incorrect, because there are three copies 93 perfect in the Bodleian, and one (I believe also perfect) among the books given by Archbishop Laud to S. John's, Oxford. In the British Museum is a fragment of a York Missal, which has been long supposed to be of an unknown edition. It is in fact a part of the edition of 1516 described above.

The Use of Sarum is printed from a copy of the edition of that Missal, in my possession, of 1492, at Rouen, in folio. This is the only perfect copy known to exist, and in all respects a very important Book. There seems no reason to doubt that it is the Editio Princeps of the Sarum Missal, but it is not mentioned by Gough, or Brunet, or Hain :95 all of whom speak of the edition of 1494, by John Hertzog, as the first.96

92 Paris. Francis Regnault. M.CCCCC.XXXIIJ. 4to.

93 Viz: the same edition as that at Cambridge by Regnault, 1533. another; "Sumptibus et expensis Johannis Gachet, 1530,” 4to., and the third "Impensis Magistri Petri Violette. Rothomagi." Fol.

94 I say perfect, because there is a large fragment of this edition in the Bodleian upon vellum. The imperfections have been supplied from a copy upon paper with the date 1510, printed also at Rouen by Joh. Richard. Until lately, this vellum part was supposed to be of about the same date, and is so entered in the Library Catalogue.

95 Repertorium Bibliographicum.

96 There was one other edition during this century: printed in England, by Julian Notary, folio, (a copy also of which is in the possession of the Editor,) with this colophon: "In laudem sanctis

The Title is simply upon else a blank leaf, "Missale secundum vsum ecclesie sarisburieñ." Then follows a Calendar, and the "benedictio salis et aquæ:" after which, under a wood-cut, begins the service for the first Sunday in Advent, with the usual title, "Incipit missale secundum vsum Sar." Before the Canon, is a large wood-cut (the reverse blank) representing the First Person of the Ever blessed Trinity, with the Evangelistic Symbols in the corners, and below is a cross. The Colophon: "Impensa et arte magri Martini civis Rothomagensis iuxta īsignem prioratum sancti laudi eiusdem ciuitatis moram trahentis officium sacrum ad vsum sar. (ut vulgo loqmur) missale dictum, sollerti correctionis lima nuper castigatum et impressum: finit feliciter. Anno domini. M. CCCC. lxxxxii. die xii. Octobris." Upon the reverse is the printer's device, viz. a negro's head and the letters M. M. within a circle supporting a double cross, with the following legend in the border: "Imprime. A. Rouen. Devant. Sainct. Lo.” in Gothic letters.

No printed copy of the Use of Bangor has been discovered. If there ever was an edition, it has, so far as we know, utterly perished, perhaps by the common accidents of time, but more probably through the fury of the bigoted inquisitors of K. Edward VI. I have arranged the Ordinary and Canon according to the Use of Ban

sime Trinitatis totiusque milicie celestis ad honorem et decorem sce ecclesie Sarum anglicane eiusq. deuotissimi cleri. hoc missale diuinorum officiorum vigilanti studio emendatum Iussu et impensis præstantissimi viri Winkin de Worde. Impressum London. apud Westmonasterium per Iulianum notaire et Iohanem barbier felici numine explicitum est. Anno dñi M. cccc. lxxxxviij. xx. die mensis. Decembris." The next was by Pynson. fol. 1504.

gor from a Manuscript in my possession, written somewhere about the year 1400: a large folio, upon vellum. I do not venture to say that it is certainly that Use, but I conceive there are many reasonable grounds for supposing it to be. It is undoubtedly an English Missal, and not according to the Uses either of Sarum, York, or Hereford. A very slight examination even of the small portion reprinted in this volume will be sufficient to establish this: a point confirmed by many variations in the collects and offices throughout the Book.

But I would mention particularly the Ordo Sponsalium. This agrees with the prayers and order in the famous Pontifical according to the Use of Bangor, still preserved in the Cathedral Library of that city; to which it was given in the year 1485, by Richard Ednam, the then Bishop.97 That Pontifical does not, however, contain the forms of giving troth, and at the putting on of the ring: which were anciently in all the Missals, in English; and I cannot think it altogether out of place to give them at length.

In the Salisbury Missal the Man is directed to say: "I, N, take the, N, to my weddyd wyf to haue ad tho holde frō thys day far warde for beter, for wurs, for rychere for porer: in sykenisse ad in helthe tyl deth us deperte yf holy chyrche wol it ordeyne, and therto I plyght the my trouth." The woman repeats the same form, adding after the words and in helthe, "to be

97 This Volume originally belonged to Anianus, Bishop of Bangor from A.D. 1286 to about 1300. It was for some time lost from the Cathedral, but with better fortune than happened to the great majority of such books, was preserved and restored to the Library by Bishop Humphreys in 1701.

bonour ad buxum 98 in bed and at borde." At the putting on of the ring the man says: "With tys ring I the wedde and tys gold ad siluer I te geue: and with my body I te worscype and wyth all my wordly catell I the honore."

The York Missal directs both the man and woman to say as follows: "Here I take the, N, to my wedded wyfe or husband, to have and to holde at Bedde and at Borde, for fayrer, for fowler, for better for warse, in sikenes and in hele (or helth) tyll dethe us departe. And therto I plyght the my trouthe." Putting on the ring:99"With this rynge I wedde the and with this golde and siluer I honoure the, and with this gyft I honoure the."

The Hereford Missal directs the man to say: "I, N, underfynge þe, N, for my wedded wyf, for betere for worse, for richer for porer, yn sekenes and in helpe, tyl dep us departe, as holy churche hap ordeyned, and perto y plygth þe my trovvpe." The woman repeats the same, with the addition after the word helpe, "to be boxum to be." Giving the ring the man says: 66 Wyp þys ryng y þe wedde, and þys gold in seluer ych pe geue, and vvþ myne body ych þe honoure."

In my Manuscript the form appointed for the man is,

98 There are more meanings than one given to this old English word. The common is, that it signifies obedience. None of the dictionaries mention the privative form of the word, which, however, leads us to the true meaning, and occurs in Hylton's Medled lyfe. Printed by R. Wyer, p. 4. "Also it longeth to all yonge begynnynge men, the whiche come newe out of worldly synnes to the seruyce of god for to make them able to ghostly werkynge, & for to breke downe the unbuxumness of the body by discrecion.”

99 The old Books, both Salisbury and York, say, upon the fourth finger," quia in illo digito est quædam vena procedens usque ad cor."