CHEMICAL NEWS,
June 19, 1914

}

Clean Water and How to Get It.

299

Annual Report for

Clean Water and How to Get It. By ALLEN HAZEN. | Rothamsted Experimental Station.
Second Edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons,
Inc. London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd. 1914.
THIS book gives a readable account of the means
adopted in many American cities to obtain a pure water
supply. Some account is also given of methods of puri-
fication, the storage of filtered water, and the use and
measurement of water. The information relates chiefly
to American processes, but some questions of general
interest are discussed, and the results of American ex-
perience are compared with that of European engineers
and sanitary authorities. In the new edition chapters
have been added on red water troubles and how to prevent
them and upon the disinfection of water supplies.

1913. By E. J. Russell, D.Sc., Director. Harpenden :
D. J. Jeffery. 1914.

Trade and Technical Education in France and Germany.
London: P. S. King and Son. 1914.
THIS report by Mr. J. C. Smail, Organiser of Trade
Schools for Boys, describes the author's personal obser-
vations and investigations of the state of professional
trade education in Paris, Munich, Leipzig, and Berlin.
Mr. Smail spent some time in each of these cities, studying
the different systems of technical education, and was given
every facility to make himself thoroughly acquainted with
the scope and working of the trade schools. His con-
clusions are particularly interesting, and deserve careful
consideration on the part of educational authorities. Syl-
labuses of the courses of instruction are given in the re-
port and details of the training of special teachers. The
excellent results of the system of compulsory continuation
classes in Germany are pointed out, and it is shown that
the cost per student hour of the same kind of instruction
does not materially differ in Paris, Munich, Berlin, and
London.

Röntgen Patterns of Boracite obtained above and below its
Inversion Temperature. By Prof. H. HAGA and Prof.
F. M. JAEGER. Amsterdam: The Royal Academy of
Sciences. 1914.

THIS paper gives a short account of the apparatus used by
the authors in studying the transmission of Röntgen rays
through plates of boracite crystal at different temperatures,
and describes the results of experiments in which the time
of transmission was from two to three hours, and the tem-
perature was raised to about 300°. Plates are given illus-
trating the patterns obtained at 18° and at 303°, and the
significance of the results is very briefly discussed.

Blowpipe Analysis. By NICHOLAS KNIGHT. Fifth Edition. Mount Vernon, Iowa: Cornell College. 1914. THESE notes on blowpipe analysis contain explicit directions for the detection of bases by flame tests and by ignition on charcoal before the blowpipe. The author gives beginners many hints which will prevent them from falling into common errors, and equations are added when the reactions are at all complex. Wet tests for acids are also given, including some common organic acids. The notes will be very useful for elementary students, for whom they will provide a good foundation for more detailed and difficult work in qualitative analysis.

Stereochemie. ("Stereochemistry"). By Dr. E. WEDEKIND. Second Edition. Berlin and Leipzig: G. J. Göschen. 1914. THE science of stereochemistry has made very rapid advances since 1904, when the first edition of this little work was issued, and it has been found necessary to revise many of the details and add very considerably to the information given in it. In its present form it is a convenient little handbook in which the fundamental principles of the subject are clearly explained. All the most recent advances are discussed, as for example the stereochemistry of pentavalent nitrogen and the work of Werner on the optical activity of inorganic compounds, and the book undoubtedly supplies a need for a thoroughly cientific and concise treatment of stereochemistry.

THIS annual report contains accounts of the work done on the farm and in the laboratory and pot culture house at Rothamsted during the year 1913. The research work which has been brought to a satisfactory conclusion and published includes a method of estimating carbohydrates, especially in plant extracts, by Messrs. Davis and Daish, and investigations of the soil solution and the mineral constituents of the soil, while further work has been done on the sterilisation of the soil and the growth of plants in partially sterilised soils. The Director of the Station, Dr. E. J. Russell, wishes to draw attention to the fact that the Lawes and Gilbert Centenary Fund is not yet closed, there still being £950 to raise before the new laboratories can be built, and the Committee is particularly anxious to clear off this last sum and begin building operations at an early date. The value and importance of the work which has been and is being done at Rothamsted can hardly be overestimated, and the data which have been accumulated there have no counterpart anywhere else in the world. Principes d'Analyse et de Synthèse en Chimie Organique. ("Principles of Analysis and Synthesis in Organic Chemistry"). By M. HANRIOT, P. CARRÉ, SEYEWETZ, E. CHARABOT, and A. HÉBERT. Paris and Liège: Ch. Béranger. 1914.

A.

THIS book is volume v. of the Encyclopædia of Applied Chemistry which is in course of publication under the editorship of Professor C. Chabrié, of the Sorbonne, and for the preparation of which some of the most distinguished of French chemists have collaborated. The aim of the authors has been to discuss and explain general ideas and principles rather than to enter upon minute descriptions of the details of processes, and each section has been written by an expert who has specialised in the branch which he discusses. The general principles of analysis are treated by M. Hanriot and the properties and preparation of pharmaceutical products by M. P. Carré. The chapters on the synthesis of dyes have been written by M. A. Seyewetz, and give a fairly detailed account of general and special methods of preparation. The extraction of perfumes and the production of artificial perfumes are also treated and a short section is devoted to the study of saponification.

La Silice et les Silicates. ("Silica and the Silicates"). By HENRY LE CHATELIER. Paris: Hermann et Fils. 1914.

THis treatise on silica and the silicates gives a detailed account of the chemistry of these important compounds. The chemical properties of silica and its hydrates are first described, and the following chapters deal with the physical properties of quartz, polarisation, double refraction, &c., being discussed at great length, while other forms of silica are treated rather more shortly. The general properties of different glasses are subsequently described, and chapters are devoted to the metallic silicates, which are admirably treated from a descriptive point of view. A discussion of the scientific aspects of the ceramic industry occupies another chapter. Details of manufacturing processes are not included, but a general outline of the principles upon which they are based is provided.

Rapport sur l'Unification des Abréviations Bibliographiques dans les Mémoires de Chemie. ("Report on the Unification of Bibliographic Abbreviations in Chemical Memoirs"). By Prof. Ph. A. GUYE. Geneva: Albert Kündig. 1914.

THERE is probably no need to call attention to the many advantages which would follow the adoption of a uniform system of abbreviation of the titles of journals, and the report of the proceedings of the third session of the "Association Internationale des Sociétés Chimiques," held

more accurate results are obtained by boiling the organic substance (about 1 grm.) with 20 cc. of concentrated sulphuric acid in presence of about 7 grms. of potassium sulphate and o'2 grm. of V205, until an emerald green

in Brussels at the Solvay Institute in September, 1913, will
andoubtedly win the hearty approval of chemists. After
some short discussion of the anomalies and difficulties in
volved. Prof. Guye details the proposal of the Council to
invite the co-operation of editors and authors in the adop-solution is obtained.
tion of a uniform system of abbreviation of titles, and ex-
plains briefly how it is proposed that the Council should
join with the Council of the International Catalogue of
Scientific Literature to draw up a suitable and convenient
list of abbreviations which, when accepted, will hencefor-
ward be regarded as international.

Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France.
Vol. xv.-xvi., No. 8, 1914.

Specific Rotatory Power of Camphor Dissolved in Olive Oil.-Henri Malosse.-The specific rotatory power of camphor in olive oil increases with the dilution. If q❘ is the number of grms. of oil in 100 grms. of solution the increase is almost negligible when q lies between 75 and 83, slow if q lies between 83 and 90, more rapid if q lies between 90 and 25, very rapid if q is >95.

Composition of Gaseous Mixtures Resulting from the Action of Water on Carbides of Uranium and Thorium.-P. Lebeau and A. Damiens. -With the same sample the action of water upon the carbides of uranium and thorium gives comparable quantities of gaseous mixtures of very similar composition. With a graphitic and a non-graphitic carbide of uranium, however, the results are very different. In the latter case the reaction takes place much more slowly, and the hydrogenation of the hydrocarbons is more complete, as is shown by the increase in the proportion of hydrocarbons and the diminution of the quantity of hydrogen.

Action of Water upon Carbides of Rare Earths.A. Damiens.-When water acts upon the carbides of cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, and samarium no methane is formed, the hydrocarbons obtained being acetylene, allylene, vapours of heavier hydrocarbons, ethylene, and ethane. The liquid hydrocarbons formed very readily fix oxygen in the cold. The systematic study of the oxides shows that they are the hydrates of sesquioxides, and the reaction takes place according to the equation C2M+ 3H2O = M(OH)3 + C2H2 + H. The hydrogenation of acetylene gives ethane and ethylene.

Products of Incomplete Reduction of Ceric Oxide. -A. Damiens.-The reduction of ceric oxide by carbon takes place in three stages :

(i.) CeO2+C - Ce2O3 + CO.
(ii.) Ce2O3+9C=2CeC3+3CO.
(iii.) CeC3-CeC2+C.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Presentation. Dr. F. B. Power, Director of the Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories, was the recipient of an interesting presentation on June 5. This took the form of an illuminated address, the design of which was based upon a very beautiful folio in a Fourteenth Century manuscript copy of the Wyclif Bible. The presentation was made by Mr. G. E. Pearson on behalf of the leading members of the staffs of the scientific and commercial enterprises which owe their initiative to Mr. Henry S. Wellcome. The address, which tenders the congratulations and good wishes of the donors on the occasion of Dr. Power's receipt of the honour of the Hanbury Medal, was accompanied by an exquisitely bound blue morocco volume of autographs.

MEETINGS FOR THE WEEK.

THURSDAY, 25th.-Royal Society. "Note on Mr. Mallock's Obserservations on Intermittent Vision," by S. P. Thompson. "Variation of Electrical Potential across a Semipermeable Membrane," by F. G. Donnan and G. M. Green. "Potential of Ellipsoidal Bodies and the Figures of Equilibrium of Rotating Liquid Masses," by J. H. Jeans. "The 27-Day Period in Magnetic Phenomena," by C. Chree. "Electrification of Water by Splashing and Spraying," by J. J, Nolan. "Attempts to produce the Rare Gases by Electric Discharge," by T. R. Merton, "Analysis of Gases after Passage of Electric Discherges," by O. C. G. Egerton.

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The compound described by Sterba as an oxycarbide does not appear to possess the formula, CeC22CeO2, which he ascribed to it. The author obtained red products which are mixed crystals of the carbide CeC3 and of fused W. & G. FOYLE, 121/3, Charing Cross Rd., London, W.C. cerous oxide.

Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei.
Vol. xxiii. [.], No. 7, 1914.

Modification of Kjeldahl's Method.-L. Marino and F. Gonnelli.-The modification of Kjeldahl's method proposed by Oefele leads to inaccurate results for the percentage of nitrogen, the found and theoretical values differing by as much as 1 per cent. The authors find that

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"The Index under review is one that will be necessary to every reader of the Chemical News, and, indeed, will be useful to all chemists, giving, as it does, references to so many subjects, such as university intelligence, &c., which are found in perhaps no other chemical journal."-Nature, June 19, 1913.

"A great service has been now performed for the active chemist in making this mass of material easily accessible through a general index. It is evident that no pains have been spared to make this work as complete and accurate as possible. All those interested, particularly in chemistry and chemical industry, will be grateful to the management of the Chemical News for bringing to completion this great work."-American Journal of Science, July, "The Index seems very complete, and forms an interesting survey of the period covered by it. It should be of great value to chemists who possess files of the Chemical News "-Journal of the Franklin Institute, July, 1913.

1913.

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"Although the Index contains two thousand one hundred and thirty-six columns, the book is of a convenient size, and is only an inch and five-eighths thick. All chemists should show their appreciation of the enterprise of the Chemical News by adding this valuable Index to their library."-Knowledge, November, 1913.

"This Index covers all material in the issues of the Chemical News for the first fifty years, and should be of inestimable value to every working chemist, whether a subscriber to the Chemical News or not."-Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, November, 1913.

"The value of the Index is obvious Considerable pains have been taken to render it a trustworthy source of reference, and the plan has been adopted of including in it both subjects and authors. This has rendered it a somewhat large volume, but the method facilitates reference, for it sometimes happens that the name of the author escapes memory, or the subject connected with his name may be forgotten. Since the references go back so far. the Index enables the reader to trace the development in many cases of industrial science, analytical processes, and so orth."-The Lancet, November 22, 1913.

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