negatives make your two affirmatives, why, then the worse for my friends, and the better for my foes.

Duke. Why, this is excellent.

Clo. By my toth, sir, no; though it please you to be one of my friends.

Duke. Thou shalt not be the worse for me: there's gold. Clo. But that it would be double-dealing, sir, I would you could make it another.

let

Duke. O, you give me ill counsel.

Clo. Put your Grace in your pocket, sir, for this once, and your flesh and blood obey it.2

Duke. Well, I will be so much a sinner to be a doubledealer: there's another.

Clo. Primo, secundo, tertio, is a good play; and the old saying is, the third pays for all: the triplex, sir, is a good tripping measure; as the bells of Saint Bennet, sir, may put you in mind: One, two, three.

Duke. You can fool no more money out of me at this throw: if you will let your lady know I am here to speak with her, and bring her along with you, it may awake my bounty further. Clo. Marry, sir, lullaby to your bounty till I come again. I go, sir; but I would not have you to think that my desire of having is the sin of covetousness: but, as you say, sir, let your bounty take a nap; I will awake it anon.

Vio. Here comes the man, sir, that did rescue me.

Enter ANTONIO and Officers.

Duke. That face of his I do remember well; Yet, when I saw it last, it was besmear'd

As black as Vulcan in the smoke of war:

A bawbling vessel was he captain of,
For shallow draught and bulk unprizable;
With which such scathful grapple did he make
With the most noble bottom of our fleet,
That very envy and the tongue of loss
Cried fame and honour on him. -

4

What's the matter?

[Exit.

by kisses and won, or he would not have flounder-flatted so just and humorous, nor less pleasing than humorous, an image into so profound a nihility. In the name of love and wonder, do not four kisses make a double affirmative? The humour lies in the whispered No!' and the inviting 'Don't!' with which the maiden's kisses are accompanied, and thence compared to negatives, which by repetition constitute an affirmative."

2 The Clown puns so swiftly here that it is not easy to keep up with him. The quibble lies between the two senses of grace as a title and as a gracious impulse or thought.

3 Unprizable is evidently used here in the sense of worthless, or of no price. The Poet elsewhere has it in the opposite sense of inestimable.

4 "The tongue of loss" ere means the tongue of the loser; but is much more elegant.

1 Off. Orsino, this is that Antonio

That took the Phoenix and her fraught from Candy;
And this is he that did the Tiger board,

When your young nephew Titus lost his leg:
Here in the streets, desperate of shame and state,5
In private brabble did we apprehend him.

Vio. He did me kindness, sir; drew on my side;
But, in conclusion, put strange speech upon me:
I know not what 'twas, but distraction.

Duke. Notable pirate! thou salt-water thief!
What foolish boldness brought thee to their mercies,
Whom thou, in terms so bloody and so dear,6

Hast made thine enemies?

Ant.

Orsino, noble sir,

Be pleas'd that I shake off these names you give me:
Antonio never yet was thief or pirate,

Though, I confess, on base and ground enough,
Orsino's enemy.
A witchcraft drew me hither:

That most ingrateful boy there by your side,
From the rude sea's enrag'd and foamy mouth
Did I redeem: a wreck past hope he was.
His life I gave him, and did thereto add
My love, without retention or restraint;
All his in dedication: for his sake

Did I expose myself (pure for his love)
Into the danger of this adverse town;
Drew to defend him when he was beset:
Where being apprehended, his false cunning
(Not meaning to partake with me in danger)
Taught him to face me out of his acquaintance,
And grew a twenty-years-removed thing

While one would wink; denied me mine own purse,
Which I had recommended to his use

Not half an hour before.

Vio.

How can this be?

Duke. When came ye to this town?

Ant. To-day, my lord; and for three months before (No interim, not a minute's vacancy)

Both day and night did we keep company.

Inattentive to his character or condition, like a desperate man.

• Dear is used in the same sense here as in Hamlet: "Would I had met my dearest foe in heaven!" Tooke has shown that this is much nearer the original sense of the word than the meaning commonly put upon it: dear being from the Anglo-Saxon verb to dere, which signifies to hurt. An object of love, any thing that we hold dear, may obviously cause us pain, distress, or solicitude: hence the word came to be used in the opposite senses of hate ful and beloved.

Duke. Here comes the Countess: now Heaven walks on

earth!

But for thee, fellow, fellow, thy words are madness:
Three months this youth hath tended upon me;
But more of that anon. Take him aside.

Enter OLIVIA and Attendants.

Oli. What would my lord, but that he may not have, Wherein Olivia may seem serviceable?

Cesario, you do not keep promise with me.

Vio. Madam!

Duke. Gracious Olivia,

Oli. What do you say, Cesario?- Good my lord, –
Vio. My lord would speak; my duty hushes me.
Oli. If it be aught to the old tune, my lord,

It is as fat and fulsome to mine ear

As howling after music.

Duke.

Still so cruel?

Oli. Still so constant, lord.

Duke. What, to perverseness? uncivil lady,

you

To whose ingrate and unauspicious altars.

My soul the faithfull'st offerings hath breath'd out

That e'er devotion tender'd! What shall I do?

Oli. Even what it please my lord, that shall become him. Duke. Why should I not, had I the heart to do it,

Like to th' Egyptian thief at point of death,

Kill what I love? a savage jealousy,

favour,

That sometime savours nobly. But hear me this:
Since you to non-regardance cast my faith,
And that I partly know the instrument
That screws me from my true place in your
Live you the marble-breasted tyrant still;
But this your minion, whom I know you love,
And whom, by Heaven I swear, I tender dearly,
Him will I tear out of that cruel eye,

Where he sits crowned in his master's spite.

7 An allusion to the story of Thyamis, as told by Heliodorus in his Ethopics, of which an English version by Thomas Underdowne was published a second time in 1587. Thyamis was a native of Memphis, and chief of a band of robbers. Chariclea, a Greek, having fallen into his hands, he grew passionately in love with her, and would have married her; but being surprised by a stronger band of robbers, and knowing he must die, he went to the cave where he had secreted her with his other treasures, and, seizing her by the hair with his left hand, with his right plunged a sword in her breast; it being the custom with those barbarians, when they despaired of their own life, first to kill those whom they held most dear, so as to have them as companions in the other world.

Come, boy, with me; my thoughts are ripe in mischief:
I'll sacrifice the lamb that I do love,

To spite a raven's heart within a dove.

[Going.

[Following.

After him I love

Vio. And I, most jocund, apt, and willingly, To do you rest, a thousand deaths would die. Oli. Where goes Cesario?

Vio.

More than I love these eyes, more than my life,
More, by all mores, than e'er I shall love wife:
If I do feign, you witnesses above

Punish my life for tainting of my love!

Oli. Ah me, detested! how am I beguil❜d!

Vio. Who does beguile you? who does do you wrong?
Oli. Hast thou forgot thyself? is it so long?

Call forth the holy Father.
Duke. [To VIOLA.]

Oli. Whither, my lord?-
Duke. Husband!

Oli.

Come, away!

[Exit an Attendant.

Cesario, husband, stay.

Ay, husband; can he that deny?

Duke. Her husband, sirrah!
Vio.

No, my lord, not I.

Oli. Alas, it is the baseness of thy fear
That makes thee strangle thy propriety: 8
Fear not, Cesario; take thy fortunes up;

Be that thou know'st thou art, and then thou art
As great as that thou fear'st.—O, welcome, Father!
Re-enter Attendant, with the Priest.

Father, I charge thee, by thy reverence,
Here to unfold (though lately we intended
To keep in darkness what occasion now
Reveals before 'tis ripe) what thou dost know
Hath newly pass'd between this youth and me.
Priest. A contract and eternal bond of love,
Confirm'd by mutual joinder of your hands,
Attested by the holy close of lips,

Strengthen'd by interchangement of your rings;
And all the ceremony of this compáct

Seal'd in my function, by my testimony:

Since when, my watch hath told me, toward my grave
I've travell'd but two hours.

Duke. O, thou dissembling cub! what wilt thou be
When time hath sow'd a grizzle on thy case? 10

8 Suppress or disown thy proper self; deny what you really are. In ancient espousals the man received as well as gave a ring. 10 The skin of a fox or rabbit was often called its case. So, in Cary's Present State of England, 1626: “Queen Elizabeth asked a knight, named

Or will not else thy craft so quickly grow,
That thine own trip shall be thine overthrow?
Farewell, and take her; but direct thy feet
Where thou and I henceforth may never meet.
Vio. My lord, I do protest,

Oli.

O, do not swear! Hold little faith, though thou hast too much fear.

Enter Sir ANDREW AGUECHEEK, with his Head broke.

Sir And. For the love of God, a surgeon! send one presently to Sir Toby.

Oli. What's the matter?

Sir And. H' 'as broke my head across, and has given Sir Toby a bloody coxcomb too: for the love of God, your help' I had rather than forty pound I were at home.

Oli. Who has done this, Sir Andrew?

Sir And. The Count's gentleman, one Cesario: we took him for a coward, but he's the very devil incardinate. Duke. My gentleman Cesario?

Sir And. Od's lifelings," here he is! - You broke my head for nothing; and that that I did, I was set on to do't by Sir Toby.

Vio. Why do you speak to me? I never hurt you: You drew your sword upon me without cause;

But I bespake you fair, and hurt you not.

Sir And. If a bloody coxcomb be a hurt, you have hurt me: I think you set nothing by a bloody coxcomb. Here comes Sir Toby halting; ;- you shall hear more: but if he had not been in drink, he would have tickled you othergates than he did.12

Enter Sir TOBY BELCH, drunk, led by the Clown.

Duke. How now, gentleman! how is't with you?

Sir To. That's all one: h' 'as hurt me, and there's the end on't. Sot, didst see Dick Surgeon, sot?

Clo. O, he's drunk, Sir Toby, an hour agone; his eyes were set at eight i' the morning.

Sir To. Then he's a rogue and a passy-measures paynim: 13 I hate a drunken rogue.

Young, how he liked a company of brave ladies. He answered, As I like my silver-haired conies at home: the cases are far better than the bodies."

11 Lifelings is a diminutive of life, as pittikins is of pity. Od's is one of the disguised oaths so common in old colloquial language; the original form being God's. We have Imogen exclaiming Od's pittikins in Cymbeline, iv. 2. 12 Othergates is an old word meaning the same as our otherwise.

18 Paynim, meaning pagan or heathen, was of old a common term of reproach. Sir Toby is too deeply fuddled to have his tongue in firm keeping, and so uses passy-measures for past-measure.