Lake Baikal and Its LifeBaikai is the deepest lake on earth and one of the most ancient. The pronounced endemism and specific wealth of its fauna andflora has attracted the keen interest of biologists and biogeographers all over the world. A start on the Baikai studies was made more than 200 years ago, but they have been carried on with the greatest intensity in the last 30 to 40 years, and more than 1,000 scientific works devoted to it have appeared in this period. Hence there is an urgent need for a summary of the main results of more than 200 years' study of one of the most remarkable lakes of our planet, and this the author has endeavoured to provide. A zoologist and hydrobiologist hirnself, he has concentrated on the living world of the lake. The author has for many years worked at Baikai as head of the Biologo-Geographical Institute and the Baikai Biological Station of Irkutsk University. In preparing this book for the press the author has received invaluable assistance from cartographer N.V. TYUMEN TSEV, algologists N.L. ANTIPOVAandO. M. KOZHOVA, hydrobiologists G. L. VASILYEVA, G. J. SHNYAGINA, L. J. PROTASOVA and R. A. |
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Spis treści
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5 | |
Climate of the Baikal Area | 15 |
Morphology of Baikal | 19 |
Affluents and Drainage | 24 |
Water Circulation and Temperature | 28 |
Chemistry | 46 |
FAUNA AND FLORA | 56 |
Malacostraca | 106 |
Isopoda | 107 |
Amphipoda | 109 |
Arachnoidea | 117 |
Diptera | 123 |
Other Insecta | 124 |
Mollusca | 126 |
Bryozoa | 135 |
Spongia | 62 |
Coelenterata | 68 |
Turbellaria | 69 |
Trematodes | 72 |
Cestoda | 75 |
Nematodes | 76 |
Acanthocephala | 77 |
Rotatoria | 78 |
Polychaeta | 81 |
Oligochaeta | 84 |
Hirudinea | 88 |
Entomostraca | 92 |
Pisces | 138 |
Mammalia | 145 |
General Conclusion on the Composition of the Fauna of Baikal and its Position in the System of Biogeographical Divisions | 147 |
The Flora of Baikal | 150 |
DISTRIBUTION OF FAUNA AND FLORA IN BAIKAL | 158 |
SPREAD OF MODERN BAIKALIAN FAUNA OUTSIDE OF BAIKAL | 218 |
LIFE IN THE MASS OF WATER | 228 |
THE HISTORY OF LAKE BAIKAL AND ITS FAUNA | 268 |
CONCLUSION | 303 |
327 | |
339 | |
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abyssal algae amphipod Angara Arctic Asellus Baicalia Baicaliidae Baikal area Baikalian fauna Baikalian forms Baikalian species Barguzin basins Batrachocottus bays belt Benedictia benthos biomass biomass of zoobenthos body length bottom Caspian chironomids Choanomphalus coast of Baikal coastal cottids Cottocomephorus Cottoidei crustaceans deep-water regions density deposits depression depths diatoms distribution endemic Epischura Eulimnogammarus fauna fauna of Baikal fish fresh-water gammarids genera genus gulfs gwyniad infusorians inhabited kg/ha KozHov lacustrine Lake Baikal Lake Ohrid Lake Taimyr littoral Maloye marine mass of water maximum Melosira metres mg/l Micruropus migrations mollusks oligochaetes omul open Baikal open regions open waters Pallasea Paracottus parasitic pelagic plankton polychaete population pre-estuarine reaches regions of Baikal relict rivers rotifers sections Selenga shallow shores Siberian silted sands soils sors South Baikal specimens sponges sub-ice period sublittoral summer TALIYEv temperature turbellarians upper layers USSR Valvata waters of Baikal Yenisei zone zoobenthos zooplankton