in order to enable individuals who sympathise with our objects and desire to support and take part in our work to do so. We now come to our aims and objects. Though these are familiar to most of you, I think it well to emphasise two in particular, namely (1), to promote and foster production, manufacture, and trade throughout the British Empire with a view to rendering it self-supporting; (2) to ensure that each industry shall formulate its own fiscal | policy, subject to the following condition - that wherever the introduction of import or export duties is demanded by any particular industry, such duties shall embrace the principles laid down in the resolutions passed at the Paris Conference, and shall secure Empire Preference, differentiating further between allied, neutral, and enemy countries. Dealing with labour, I would draw special attention to the resolution passed by our Council on September 2nd, which is an integral part of our policy, namely: "This Organisation places it on record that a cardinal point of its policy is the development of the Empire to render it self-supporting, and that the adoption of Preferential Treatment for the products of agriculture and industry is essential to this end. It further places on record as a principle of policy that Labour is entitled to its full share of any benefit which may be obtained through preference being given to any industry, and is prepared to give its support to legislation which has for its object the mutual interests and harmonious working between Capital and Labour wifh a view to the development and general good of the State. It is opposed to any form of preference which does not recognise the claim of the workers to a full and fair share of the advantages which such measures may secure." I now come to the means by which we think our objects of a self-supporting Empire can be attained. I should at once explain that in aiming at the Empire becoming selfsupporting, we fully realise the importance of commerce and overseas trade between the Empire and foreign countries. We believe that by developing the natural resources and productive power of our Empire to the utmost we shall concurrently bring about an increase in our trade with foreign countries. While we have most of what we want within our Empire, we have much that foreign countries want and have not got. We desire to promote the most friendly reciprocal relations between the Empire and our Allies first, and then with neutrals. With enemies we desire to cut off for a generation all trade relations. In years to come, when the horrors of the present war are mellowed by time, and a new generation has grown up free from the malign influences which have for the past forty years menaced the peace of the world, we can again consider to what extent we can resume trade relations with those countries; but I hope and think that no weak-kneed sentimentality will induce the people of the British Empire or their Governments to consider for one moment the resumption of trade with the present generation of Germans whose black record of crimes in this war has blasted for ever their claims to civilisation and the brotherhood of nations. Gentlemen, war is a terrible necessity, but war conduced as our enemies have conducted this war can never be forgotten or forgiven until those responsible have ceased to cumber the earth, and a new, and we hope more civilised, generation has taken their place. Since the Organisation was formed we have received much help from the members of the Government, Ministers of the Dominions, and other prominent men who have addressed meetings on our behalf, and to whom I tender the thanks of the Organisation: The Rt. Hon. W. M. Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia; The Rt. Hon. W. F. Massey, Prime Minister of New Zealand; The Rt. Hon. Sir Edward P. Morris, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (all of whom are patrons of the Organisation); The Rt. Hon. Sir George Foster, Minister of Trade and Finance, Canada; The Hon. R. Rodgers, Minister of Public Works to the Dominion of Canada; Sir Thomas Mackenzie, High Commissioner for New Zealand; Si Joseph Ward, Finance Minister New Zealand; Viscount Milner, Member of the Imperial War Cabinet; The Rt. Hon. Walter H. Long, M.P., Secretary of State for the Colonies; The Rt. Hon. John Hodge, M.P., Minister of Labour; The Rt. Hon. Austen Chamberlain, M.P., Secretary of State for India; Sir James Meston, K C.S.I., Member of the Imperial War Cabinet; Sir Owen Philipps, K.C.M.G., M.P., Chairman of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company; and Sir J. D. Rees, K.C.I.E., M.P., who is at present in the chair. Our fortnightly luncheons, inaugurated on February 22nd, when Mr. Massey was our guest and the Marquis of Graham took the chair, have, I think you will agree, been an unqualified success. Our average attendance has been about 140, and while the allotted time of one hour has been slightly exceeded, the importance of the speakers and the fact that practically no one has ever left before they had finished testifies to the interest taken in our movement. The summons to the War Conference and Cabinet offered an opportunity for pressing our views with regard to the development of the Empire and the carrying into effect of the Paris Economic Conference resolutions on the Government of this country sitting in council with the representatives of the Dominions. We drew up a memorial urging immediate action in this direction which was signed by no less than 84 representative industrial associations in this country and all parts of the Empire representing immense and widely distributed interests. We had good reason to hope that we should have had an opportunity of presenting it to the War Cabinet by a deputation which Mr. Massey had promised to introduce, but ultimately this had to be abandoned owing to pressure of work and lack of opportunity. The memorial was, however, sent to all the members of the War Cabinet and Conference, and, we believe, was not without influence upon the decision of those bodies, recently made public, to adhere to the policy of Imperial Preference and to carry into effect the resolutions of the Paris Conference. That decision is now the accepted policy of Great Britain, India, and all the Dominions except Australia, which was, unfortunately, owing to the general election there, not represented, but there is every reason to believe that she will fully concur. It is the policy which this Organisation has consistenly advocated from its inception, and in our opinion is the only policy which can bring about the development of production within the Empire which all members of the Organisation ardently desire and are working to achieve. The memorial, I have no doubt, was by far the most influential document of the kind ever laid before any Government, and without in any way wishing to detract from the value of the efforts of other bodies working for the same object, we may legitimately express our satisfaction that the main planks of our platform are now the accepted policy of the Governments of the Empire. This definite pronouncement of policy by the Government of the United Kingdom marks the greatest revolution in the conditions of the world's commerce known to history, and we mey now feel that the future welfare of our Empire is assured. But our work as an Organisation has only begun. Now that the policy is accepted the details have to be worked out and a system evolved, in which we hope to be of practical assistance to the Government, and it will be our duty to press upon them the necessity of immediate action to give effect to their decision. We have already addressed a letter to the Prime Minister urging that our recommendations with regard to sugar, which involve no fresh legislation, may at once be adopted and put into operation. With regard to our other activities, I will only indicate the lines on which we are proceeding. (1) Agriculture : Our Agricultural Section drew up an interim report which we presented to the Government, dealing with the most urgently pressing agricultural problems. This section has been reconstituted to represent the chief agricultural bodies in the United Kingdom, and it is hoped to secure the support of similar bodies in the Overseas Dominions, CHEMICAL NEWS, } June 29, 1917 Conjoint Board of Scientific Societies. 311 It Various bodies are at present interested in the formation of a census of the mineral resources of the Empire. was agreed to enter into communication with these bodies, and to make suggestions with a view to the publication of information in a form useful to the general community. The executive committee of the section will at once proceed to deal with the programme of questions for consideration originally laid down, which cover a great number of important subjects on which it is necessary that the representative views of the associations composed of men actually engaged in the industry should be formulated and Interim reports were received and approved on the expressed to the Government. (2) Publicity Department: necessity for an anthropological survey of the British We have established a Publicity Depart nent under the able people, on the best methods for carrying on the Interguidance of Mr. T. C. Elder, which we hope will in due national Catalogue of Scientific Literature, and on an course be self-supporting. The object is to give publicity enquiry into the desirability or otherwise of the adoption by advertisement and otherwise to the wants of industries, of the metric system throughout the British Isles. not only in the Empire, but in foreign, other than enemy, The Sub-Committee on National Instruction in countries and the sources within the Empire from which Technical Optics reported that a scheme approved by the they can be supplied. In this connection we are working Board of Education had now come into operation. Under in consultation with the British Association of Trade and the agis of the Imperial College of Science and Technology Technical Journals, which has affiliated with us and which an Advisory and Administrative Committee had been numbers about 150 well-known trade journals in this formed to organise instruction, and Mr. F. J. Cheshire, a country. We hope very shortly to show substantial pro- member of the Sub-Committee of the Board, has been gress. (3) Education Committee: We have a strong appointed Director of Studies in Technical Optics. AlEducation Committee engaged in considering the question though the President of the Board of Education did not of greater facilities for research work and the training of see his way to adopting the suggestions of the Sub Comyoung men for special industries, notably tropical agricul-mittee, the Board heard with satisfaction that a promising ture, and we hope also to secure the co-operation of an effort has been made to solve a question of considerable important Education Committee which has already been national importance. dealing with the question of engineering education, one of the sub-committees of the British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers' Association. (4) We have been fortunate in securing for one year from May 1st the services of the Hon. F. M. B. Fisher, ex-Minister of Trade and Marine in New Zealand, who has already addressed several meetings and done good work for us, for which I desire on behalf of the Organisation to tender him our grateful thanks. He will be in charge of the arrangements of meetings, in order to educate the public mind on our policy. Those who have been privileged to hear Mr. Fisher on the platform will agree that we are indeed fortunate in obtaining the services of so able an advocate. (5) Journal: It is proposed to institute a journal of the Organisation in extension of the monthly reports. There is only one more point that I wish to emphasise, viz., the necessity of this Organisation co-operating with kindred associations who are working for the same object and are prepared to accept our policy. I have on every opportunity, both public and private, urged this upon those engaged in similar work, and I am glad to record that since January last we have had a joint committee with the Federation of British Industries, which is ably presided over by Mr. Dudley Docker. May I venture to hope that the declaration of policy by the Government will enable them to see their way in the near future to a still closer working arrangement? In conclusion, gentlemen, I wish to express my personal gratitude to all my colleagues and the officers and staff of our Organisation for their support, assistance, and forbearance to me in the execution of my duties as Chairman. But for their enthusiasm, energy, and devotion the Organisation could not have achieved the results of which we are to-day so justly proud, and I know that we can rely upon their continuing to further our work with equal energy in the coming year. More I cannot say, nor could we wish. It has been a real pleasure to work with such assistance for so great a cause. I thank you, gentlemen, for the patient hearing you have given to me in a statement of necessity rather long, but I hope not without interest on the occasion of this our first annual meeting, and I beg to move "That the balance sheet and accounts be accepted." (Applause). CONJOINT BOARD OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. THE fourth meeting was held at the Royal Society on June 13, Sir JOSEPH J. THOMSON, O.M., Pres.R.S., in the Chair, to receive the report of the Executive Committee on the work of the previous six months. As the Report indicates, a number of important questions of scientific and industrial importance has occupied the attention of the Board. It is A Sub-Committee, having considered special cases of magnetic disturbances revealed by a magnetic survey of the British Isles and their possible connection with the occurrence of iron ores, recommended a detailed investigation of two test areas, in order to ascertain how far, under the conditions of British iron ores, the magnetic survey was likely to prove of economic value. Arrangements for carrying out the investigation are in progress. An Agricultural Sub-Committee, with the Earl of Portsmouth as Chairman, reported that it is at present devoting itself mainly to engineering questions. engaged in collecting information with regard to the transport of raw materials to farms and agricultural products from them, to the power required for this purpose, and for seasonal operations on the land, with a view to comparing the relative advantages and costs of steam or internal combustion engines and electrically operated machines. It is dealing also with the possibility of cooperation in repairs and skilled labour, and is considering the various types of tractor most suitable to large and chiefly arable farms, and to moderate sized mixed farms, having regard to the different local circumstances and requirements. A Sub-Committee was nominated to report on what is at present being done to ascertain the amount and distribution of water-power in the British Empire. A complete report of the first year's work of the Board will be published in due course. NOTICES OF BOOKS. Ottawa: An Investigation of the Coals of Canada. Extra Volume, beneficial, and shallow piles are much safer than those of a depth exceeding, say, 8 or 10 feet. Treatment with a solution of calcium chloride has been found a successful means of preventing fires, and it is said to be cheaper than ventilation by perforated pipes, which is, on the whole, the most satisfactory method. CORRESPONDENCE. VOLUMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR IN PYRITES. To the Editor of the Chemical News. SIR,-Dr. Craig in his interesting and instructive article, "The Volumetric Determination of Sulphur in Pyrites (CHEMICAL NEWS, cxv., 253, 265), remarks on desirability of a reliable and fairly rapid method for this purpose. With your permission I will describe a plan (so far unpublished) in use by me in 1872-4 in Manchester. A solution of sulphuric acid is made up of which I CC. O'01 grm. of sulphur along with I of barium chloride to correspond. To find the exact "litre" of the BaCl2, run 49 cc. of the acid into a flask, add 5 cc. of HCI and 150 of hot water, and bring to the boil. Now run in 48 cc. of the BaCl2, boil up, and remove flask to bench, let stand, and filter 5 cc. through small paper into a marked test-tube, and add 2 drops of the BaCl2. If a precipitate appears at once return solution and washings of filter to flask and add cautiously more BaCl2. (NOTE.-The "end-point " of the reaction is the absence of any cloudiness in 5 cc. of the hot filtrate on addition of 2 drops of the BaCl2 after three minutes repose. A sandglass was used for timing). Should the solution remain clear the operator may find he has just hit the "end-point " or has slightly over passed it. He will now filter a further 5 cc., and test by addition of 2 drops of the acid. In case a cloudiness should appear he will return the contents of both test-tubes and washings of filter to the flask, read off both burettes, and go back with drops of acid until the "end-point" is found; i.e,, until 2 drops of either reagent ceases to give a cloudiness under the given experimental conditions. With a little practice it is easy to hit off the end-point. Agreement established between the solutions in terms of sulphur the operator may now weigh out I grm. of very finely ground pyrites, oxidise in flask, drive off all HNO3, and proceed as above described. It is well to keep the experimental conditions the same as the volume of liquid. Should the analyst know from previous deliveries that he is dealing with high-grade Spanish ore holding 484 to 49 per cent of sulphur, he will run in 47 cc. of BaCl2 right away, and then proceed by cc. at a time, boiling up, and filtering off 5 cc. after each addition. I have not had occasion to use bromine to complete oxidation of minute particles of free sulphur, but as Dr. Craig points out when HNO3 alone is employed there may be incomplete oxidation for which a few drops of Br is the remedy.-I am, &c., HARCOURT PHILLIPS. Court Chambers. Bolton, Lancashire. READY SHORTLY. Catalogue (No. 80) of BOOKS ON CHEMISTRY, &c. Comprising the Modern Library of the late 88, GREAT QUEEN ST., KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C. 2. Telephone-Garrard 1412. A nalytical Chemist (26), resident in Ireland, with full knowledge of Engineering and General Chemistry, seeks Position.-Address. "A. 26," CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Frrringdon Street, London, E C, 4. Assistant Chemists required, experienced in General Steel Works Analysis, in Government controlled Works. Excellent prospects for suitable men,-Apply in first instance to your nearest Employment Exchange, quoting No. A 3294. No one at present employed on Government Works will be engaged. Cement Chemist wanted for London Labora tory. Write, stating age, experience, and salary required, "Cement," care of Street's, 30, Cornhill, E C. 3. CHEMIST.-Junior Laboratory Assistant wanted. Must be capable of doing complete Grain Analyses. Salary 50s. weekly. Give full details as to experience, &c.—Address, Scot," CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. Dairy Analyst, discharged soldier, with Tech nical experience in England and New Zealand in Laboratories, Creamery, and Condensed Milk Factory, desires similar post. References, &c.-Apply, S. B. BOWYER, "The Huts," Little Kimble, Bucks. Iron and Steel Metallurgical Chemist, ineligible, desires Assistant's Post in Steelworks. Give full particulars.Address, I. S. M., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. Lady Chemist required in large Technical Laboratories. State where trained, experience, and salary required.-Address, J., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C 4. WANTED. 'Chemische Zentralblatt." 1830 to date. "Zeitschrift für das gesamte, Schiess- u Sprengstoffwesen," From the beginning (about 1905) to date. Last ten years. "Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie." O. WEIL. "Handbuch der Organischen Chemie." ABEGG. "Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie." A. WOLFRUM. "Chemische Praktikum." HOLLEMAN. "Substitution in dem Benzolkerne." Physikalische MAX KOCH (publishers, Thomas and Hubert) "Beitrage zur Kentniss der einwirkung von nitrosen gasen und Sauerstoff auf Wasser" (Diss.). THOMAS BURCHARDT (publishers, Robert No: ke, Borna-Leipzig). "Uber die Darstellung hochprozentiger Saltpetresaure auf nitrosen Gasen." Address, B. W., CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E C. 4. july 27, 1917 INDEX.-SUPPLEMENT TO THE CHEMICAL NEWS. 313 INDEX. drides derived from, 204 hydrobromic, absolute density, normal density, 179 prepara- tion by means of hydrogen rapid estimation of strength a ketonic, semicarbazones of, 24 ment of fertilisers and chemi- Alsberg, L.,report of the chemist, hydroxide test, 57 into, by hydrogen peroxide, aromatic imines, formation phorus contained in, after Antennæ, wave-lengths and radi. by British doctors, 249 Hertzian waves on the heart, 144 Arup, P S., H. C. Huish, and H. D. Pichmond, composi figure of the earth, configura- Book, 1917" (review), 275 of zinc, revision, 6 Bridel. (See Bourquelot, E.) Allcock, H., decimal system, 247 morphological studies in the life-histories of, Bailey, G. H., "Tutoria Chemis try" (review), 275 gases, 279 in presence of water, 12 of zinc, 6 and H. W. Starkweather, effi- sodium hydroxide, and potas- of the chemical engineer, 121 Biochemical synthesis with aid A., the photometry of Friedel and Craft's reaction, Books, Reviews and Notices of- Books, Reviews and Notices of- "Analyst, Decennial Index of," "Black Damp in Mines," 119 Almanac, 1917," 275 Chemistry for Beginners," "Chemistry for Rural Schools," "Chemistry, General, for Co- and "Chemistry. General, Labora- "Chemistry, Theoretical, from "Chemistry, Tutorial," 275 Books, Reviews and Notices of- "Mineral Resources of the "Oxford University Press, "Pharmacy, Year Book of," 191 "Registration of Business Names Act, 1916, Guide their Chemists, Handbook for,"96 Thermodynamics, Text - Bordier, H., and G. Roy, colloidal Boron, electro-thermal position Boswell, F. G. H., British glass of growth promoting sub- Bougault, J., isomerisation by migration of the double bond Bourquelot, E., and A. Aubry, biochemical synthesis with sure in relation to the con- comes down from the iron Bread and Food Reform League, Bruckmiller, F. W., titration of heat in recently hardened and G. G. Oberfell, "Black 119 CACODYLATE of piperaz ne, 24 Calcium chloride, efficiency as a the softening points and com- Turner. (See Turner, W.E. S) Cherts, Missouri, and zinc ores. | origin of, 52, 65, 76 Chree, C., magnetic storm of Clemente, A., and G. W. Heise. 235 DALBY, W. E, graphical me- David, M., determination ozone, 215 De Waele, A., and F. Smith, de- termination of volatile thin- oxidation of, 72 alloys, rapid method for de- salts, detection of nickel in, 102 Cobalticyanide, the rare earth, Qualitative Analysis " (re- C Ceramic Society, 119, 179 rence in certain fish liver oils note on the colouring matter of domain of modern analytical Chemical Society, 21, 57, 108, 115, 121 electrical engineers, work of the Imperial College in the training of, 169 training, plea for the forgotten Chemist, engineering, training, and preparedness, 65, 79 in relation to national affairs, synthetic, and the renascence of 13 efficient of diffusion of a salt at Cohesion, 252 Colloidal iodine, 35 membrane, its properties and theory of, 175 Colouring matter of red torulæ, Co-operation and research work, 192 Cooke, R. D., and P. Rudnick gotten factor in chem cal Copper ferrocyanide membrane, mability of petroleum spirit mination of sulphur in pyrites, Schoch. (See Schoch, E. P.) Academy of Sciences, 144 Dinwiddie, J. G, determination Dox, A. W., and G. P. Plaisance, new method for the determin- |