SOCIETY OF PUBLIC ANALYSTS AND OTHER ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS. Ordinary Meeting, June 6, 1917. Mr. GEORGE EMBREY, President, in the Chair. CAPT. N. M. Comber, A.R.C.S. (Lond.), was elected a Member of the Society. Certificates were read for the second time in favour of Messrs. Charles V. Bacon, and Kapilram Hardevram Vakıl, B.A. (Bombay), B.Sc.Tech. (Manch.). The following papers were read: "Some Experiences in the Use of Copper Sulphate in the Destruciion of Alge." By GEORGE EMBREY, F.I.C. Water in certain reservoirs, unt 1 the introduction of copper sulphate, became in summer distinctly green, and had an aromatic smell. This was first ascribed to a species of Chara, but later to the diatom Asterionella, which has at times been found in conjunction with Tabellaria. The chemical actions appeared to be that the copper was first changed to copper carbonate, then to hydrate, and finally to the cupious and cupric oxides, which latter probably formed the real algæcide. "A Combined Reichert-Polenske and Modified Shrewsbury-Knapp Process." By G. D. ELSDON, B.Sc., F.I.C. The author has combined the modification of the Shrewsbury-Knapp process recently suggested (Elsdon and Bagshaw, Analyst, 1917, xlii., 72) with the Reichert Polenske process; the new process results in a great saving of time, it being possible to obtain results in from two to two and a-half hours. Figures are given for mixtures of coconut oil with butter and with margarine, and also for pure butters. Certain criticisms offered on the previous papers are replied to. "The Differentiation between Coconut and Palm Kernel Oils in Mixtures." By G. D. ELSDON, B.Sc., F.I.C. The author suggests a method for the estimation of coconut and palm kernel oils in the presence of each other by taking into account both the Polenske and the Shrewsbury Knapp value. The Polenske value of these oils is very different (17 and 11 respectively), whilst the Shrewsbury-Knapp value is practically identical. Certain objections are considered, and the composition of twelve samples of commercial margarine is given, in five of which palm kernel oil is shown to be present. "Note on Orange Pip Oil." By DOROTHY G. HEWER, WETHER. The heat evolved on dilution is utilised as an analytical method for the determination of the strength of sulphuric acid; a convenient apparatus is described, and a formula connecting rise of temperature and strength given. "Estimation of Theobromine." By NORAH F. ELLIOT, B.Sc., and G. BREWER. In Kunze's method and Monthule's modification the estimation of theobromine depends on a silver estimation in the silver theobromine compound. The results are vitiated by the presence of any substance giving an insoluble silver salt, or what is more usual, reducing silver, and the results are too high. Accurate quantitative results can be obtained by nitrogen estimations. NOTICES OF BOOKS. Gas Chemists' Handbook. Edited by A. F. KUNBERGER. New York City: The American Gas Institute. Pp. 354FOR the publication of this report the Committee on Chemical Tests has carried out a thorough revision of the last edition of the "Gas Chemists' Handbook," published in 1914. The chief aim of the Committee since that date has been to standardise methods of testing and sampling, and the processes which have been found most reliable are very carefully and fully described in this edition. The directions for the practical work are worded accurately and clearly, and methods of calculating the results are described without any discussion of the deductions to be made from them. Although the book is designed chiefly for the use of trained chemists, those who had but very little experience would find themselves well able to carry out the experimental work described in it, and if they exercised due care could hardly fail to get satisfactory results. The methods described include the testing and sampling of raw materials, the products of gas manufacture, including tar and derivatives of tar, and also some constructive materials and lubricating oils. CORRESPONDENCE. RE NEW ELEMENT. To the Editor of the Chemical News. SIR,-I notice in the CHEMICAL NEWS for April 20 (cxv., 182) an account of an element which comes down in the iron group, by W. Bramley, which appears to have some peculiar properties. I have little hesitation in stating that the element in question is Europium, which up to the present time has only been found in extremely small quantities. I find that the spectrum is the best means of detecting the element with certainty. For purposes of analysis the arc spectrum is the best. The lines most suited for the detection of the element are as follows:- Warninglid Grange, Hayward's Heath, Sussex. S. C. F. LISTER. MISCELLANEOUS. Society of Glass Technology.-—A joint meeting of the Society of Glass Technology with the Faraday Society will be held at the Applied Science Department, The University, St. George's Square, Sheffield, on Wednesday, June 20, at 3.30 p.m., when a discussion will take place on "The Choice of Refractory Materials for use in the Glass Industry." The discussion will be opened by Prof. W. G. Fearnsides, M.A., with a paper on "Supplies of Refractory Materials for use in the Glass Industry." The following papers will also be communicated:" Stone and Fireclay Blocks for Glass Tank Furnaces," by J. H. Davidson, M.Sc., and "The Drying of Glass Pots," by J. W. Mellor, D.Sc. Prof. P. G. H. Boswell, D.Sc., and Mr. Cosmo Johns, M.I.M.E., are also expected to contribute to the discussion. Communications on the subject are invited from members. NOTES AND QUERIES. Manufacture of Glycerin.-A correspondent asks for particulars of the best English book on the commercial manufacture of glycerin. CHEMICAL News, Advertisements, WAR NOTICE Issued by an all-British Firm employing all-British labour, whose capital is and always has F. E. BECKER & CO., 17-27, HATTON WALL, W. & J. GEORGE (London), Ltd., Proprietors. LONDON, E.C. BACK NUMBERS AND VOLUMES. WE iii E have FOR SALE a limited number of the EARLIER VOLUMES and NUMBERS of the CHEMICAL NEWS, and are prepared to supply orders at the following rates (Carriage extra) : PRICES FOR SINGLE VOLUMES. A discount is allowed off the above prices (except where offered at published price) when a substantial number of volumes or numbers are purchased in one transaction. The following volumes can only be supplied bound, as some of the numbers are out of print: Vol. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 29. 30. 31, 33 75 80. All the other volumes can be supplied complete, either bound or unbound. A few bound Complete Sets, from Vol. 1 to date, can be purchased at published price. We still have in stock a few copies of the GENERAL INDEX to Vols. 1 to 100, which cau be purchased at £1 All communications should be addressed to the MANAGER, CHEMICAL NEWS, 16, NEWCASTLE STREET, FARRINGDON STREET, LONDON, E.C 4. REFRIGERATION & ICE MAKING. THE LIGHTFOOT REFRIGERATION Co. LTD. WOOD BROTHERS GLASS COMPANY, LTD., BARNSLEY. (1) An excellent Soda Glass suitable for ordinary use, branded and (2) A Highest Resistant Glass for Analytical and Research Work, branded Obtainable from Laboratory Outfitters, and is always stocked by :- BRADFORD. C. & J. MONTGOMERY, 147, Royal Ave. BELFAST. Messrs. THOMSON, SKINNER, & HAMIL-GLASGOW. REYNOLDS & BRANSON, Ltd. W BATTLE, SON, & MALTBY LINCOLN. } Gow. DRUMMOND PATON, 26, Market St.. MANCHESTER. NEWCASTLE. STOCKTON on-TEES. LEEDS. HAVING ALFRED JÖRGENSEN LABORATORY FOR THE PHYSIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF FERMENTATION. 30, FRYDENDALSVEJ, COPENHAGEN, V., DENMARK. STUDENTS' SECTION.-For Beginners and Advanced Students with Practical (Brewers, Distillers, &c.) or Scientific purposes in view. ANALYTICAL AND PURE CULTURE SECTION.-All kinds of Research Work. Pure Cultures: Brewers', Distillers', Air, Vienna, Wine Yeast, &c.; Lactic and Acetic Ferments, Starters (for Dairies, &c.). 'Methods and Cultures for Manufacture of Beers containing a Low Percentage of Alcohol. New Methods for Distilleries and Factories of Air-grown and Vienna Yeast, including such as use Molasses. Increased yields. Yeast of better keeping properties. Prospectus and further particulars on application to DIRECTOR. F. A. HENRIQUES, 56, Clarence St.. SYDNEY. London: Printed and Published for the Proprietor (Sir WILLIAM CROOKES) by EDWIN JOHN DAVEY, at the Office, 16 Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, E.C. 4. June 15, 1917. THE CHEMICAL NEWS AND JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE Proprietor and Editor Sir Wm. Crookes, O.M., F.R.S.. ୮ Established (WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE "CHEMICAL GAZETTE"). Lin the Year 1859. Published Weekly. Annual Subscription, free by post, £1. Entered at the New York Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter Transmissible through the Post-United Kingdom, at Newspaper rate; Canada and Newfoundland, at Magazine rate. A. BOAKE, ROBERTS, & CO. (LIMITED), JOHN J. GRIFFIN & SONS. LTD., Stratford, London, E. KINASWAY, LONDON, Wo. ENAMELLED CAST-IRON APPARATUS. June 22, 1917 RESISTING all TEMPERATURES and DANTO ROGEAT & CO., 33-39, CHEMIN DES CULATTES, LYON. Telephone-Willesden 1752. Sole Representative-H. SLOOG, 51, Anson Road, London, N.W. 2. Price List on demand. A firm of Manufacturers require experienced Assistance in their Laboratory. The Works are situated in the most beautiful part of Derbyshire, and this affords a splendid opportunity for a man over military age who requires a position where the work is mostly advisory and where the surroundings are healthy.-Address, stating fullest particulars, Box P. 18, CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. 4. EDITORIAL.-All Literary communications, and Books, Chemical SUBSCRIPTIONS, £ per annum, payable in advance, should be BACK NUMBERS and VOLUMES can be purchased on application ADVERTISEMENTS.-All communications for the Advertisement Whole page SCALE OF CHARGES. Half page, or Whole column Quarter page, or Half column One-eighth page, or Quarter column £ s. d. 4 0 O 2 10 O I 7 6 O 15 o 8 0 Business Cards, Trade and other brief Announcements, advance. Contract terms for extended periods by arrangement. Based on Remarks made in the Presidential Address to the British Association at Bristol in 1898. REVISED WITH AN ANSWER TO VARIOUS CRITICS By SIR WILLIAM CROOKES, F.R.S. SECOND EDITION. ITH PREFACE AND ADDITIONAL CHAPTER, BRINGING THE With Two Chapters on the Future Wheat Supply of the OPINIONS of the PRESS. "The student of economic science and sociology will find this volume full of interesting material. . . The entire subject is of the profoundest interest, and an excellent purpose has been served by the publication of these papers in a single volume."-The Eagle (Brooklyn, N.Y.). The book is a useful one to all interested in the production of wheat both from the commercial and scientific points of view."-Knowledge. "The appearance of the papers in this convenient form will be welcome to everyone who appreciates the importance of the problem."-Scotsman. "In this bulky volume Sir William reproduces the gist of the sensational Bristol Address, and supplements it with carefully prepared answers to his chief critics and confirmFive lines in column (about 40 atory chapters on the future wheat supply of the United States."-Morning Post. for the following classes of Advertisements only:SITUATIONS WANTED. SITUATIONS VACANT SECOND-HAND APPARATUS words) one insertion, 3s. 6d. ; sertions, 88. Each additional Where replies are to be forwarded 3d. extra should be sent. Cheques and Postal Orders to be made payable to Sir WILLIAM CROOKES and crossed "London County and Westminster Bank, Ltd." Half penny Postage Stamps received for amounts under £1. THE CHEMICAL NEWS, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, LONDON, E.C Sir William Crookes has propounded a problem which in the next century [written in 1899] is bound to engage the close attention not merely of agricultural experts, but of economists and statesmen."-Speaker. "Sir William Crookes's statistics seem to make good his alarmist statement."-British Weekly. CHEMICAL NEWS OFFICE, 16, NEWCASTLE ST., FARRINGDON ST,, E.C. 4. |