The life and opinions of John de Wycliffe, D. D. illustrated principally from his unpublished MSS. with a preliminary view of the Papal system and of the state of the Protestant doctrine in Europe to the commencement of the 14th century. By Robert Vaughan. With a portrait. 2 vols. Svo. London, 1828.

Geschichte des Monchthums in allen seinen Verzweigungen. Von D. E. Münch. 1 and 2 Bdchn. 16mo. Stuttgard. 1828.

Essai historique et critique sur l'Etat des Jesuiles en France. Paris, 1828.

PHILOLOGY.

A Grammar of the Hebrew Language, comprised in a series of lectures, compiled from the best authorities, and augmented with much original matter, drawn principally from oriental sources: designed for the use of students in the universities. Dedicated, by permission to the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Lincoln, Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge. By the Rev. S. Lee, A. M. D. D. of the University of Halle, Honorary member of the Asiatic Society of Paris, Honorary Associate and F. R. S. L. and M. R. A. S. &c., And Professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge. 8vo. pp. xxxi. and 397. London, 1827.

Whatever may be the intrinsic value of this work, it cer tainly possesses the merit of originality. Neither in matter nor in manner has the author been a servile copyist of others. He assigns as his reason for adding another to the many Hebrew grammars already before the public, the fact, that the subject has been treated heretofore in a manner too exclusively synthetical, to remedy which evil, he has attempted

in this work to unite an analytical investigation of first principles with a synthetical detail of the rules derived from them. In his preface, Professor Lee declares his reasons for adopting the Rabbinnical system of accents, and vowelpoints, disclaiming all belief in its divine authority, but at the same time, pronouncing it the best instrument for facilitating the right understanding of the Sacred Scriptures, that has ever been proposed, and animadverting on the evil tendency of overstrained attempts to facilitate the acquisition of the language.

The principal peculiarity of this grammar, in point of form, arises from the author's discarding the usual arrangement and terminology, borrowed by the grammarians of Europe from the Greeks and Romans; and deriving a great part of his explanations from the analogy of the cognate oriental dialects.

Among the particulars in which Professor Lee has dissented from his predecessors, may be mentioned his arrangement of the vowels, and his doctrine with respect to syllables. The latter he reduces to one standard, and to one apparent measure, by abandoning the old distinction of long and short vowels, as well as the classification of Gesenius, and substituting for them, a new division into perfect and imperfect, founded upon their ordinary use and situation as constituent parts of syllables. To this might be added some change in the usual phraseology, and some real simplification of the rules in relation to Sheva and Dagesh, and the mutations of the consonants and vowels which occur in the process of the etymology. But the characteristic feature which distinguishes the system of Professor Lee from every other, is his doctrine respecting the primitive part of speech. He reverses the ordinary process and makes the noun the root, supposing the verb to be derived from it by vowel changes and by the addition of words or parts of words once significant, in order to modify the meaning of

the root. This view of the subject is defended by the au thor not only as most natural and rational in itself, but as affording the most satisfactory explanation of unusual forms and etymological anomalies. In order to establish and explain this theory, it was necessary to exhibit the actual correspondence between the various forms of nouns and verbs, which the author has done at great length and with great minuteness of detail. To this elaborate exposition of his views, which occupies a very large proportion of his work, and gives it, in fact, its distinctive character, we can do no more than refer the reader. The same may be said of the syntax, which is copiously treated, and enriched from the author's stores of oriental learning, but admits neither of extracts nor analysis. The subject of the accents has less prominence in this than in most modern grammars. Their value and importance to a certain extent is acknowledged, and the essential rules respecting them laid down, but the author expresses his belief, that any great attention to the subject is unnecessary. With respect to the study of the Arabic and cognate dialects, the opinion of so eminent an orientalist as Lee deserves attention-" That he who is best acquainted with these dialects is by far the most likely person to be a successful commentator on the Hebrew scriptures."

A grammar of the Hebrew language, by Moses Stuart, Associate Professor of sacred literature in the theological Institution at Andover. Third edition. Andover, Flagg and Gould. Codman Press, 1828. pp. viii. and 240, 8vo.

Andreae Theophili Hoffmanni, Philos et Theol. D. in Jenensi Litterarum Universitate Theol. Prof. P. O. Grammaticae Syriacae Libri III. pp. 418. 4to. Halle,

1827.

This work, as we are informed in the preface, was undertaken at the instance of Gesenius, some years since, by one

of his pupils, now a Professor in the University of Jena. Its completion has been delayed by want of health, change of situation, and official duties. During the whole period, however, which has elapsed since he first conceived the design, the author has been diligently employed in collecting materials and extending his acquaintance with the language. He professes to have adopted and pursued the plan of Gesenius in his Hebrew grammar, and proceeds upon the principle of Michaelis and others, that compendious grammars retard, instead of facilitating, the progress of the student. He has accordingly made his work a very copious one, not only giving the rules in minute detail, but illustrating the whole by quotations and examples. The alterations and improvements in his mode of treating the subject, to which the author calls the attention of the reader, though numerous, are too minute to admit of specification here. Prefixed to the Grammar are above seventy pages of Prolegomena, divided into six sections. 1, On the Aramean language. 2, On the Syriac language. 3, On the history of Syria. 4, On the history of the Syriac language. 5, On the cultivation of the language in modern times, including a review of grammars and lexicons. 6, On the Syriac character and writing, illustrated by three tables. Each section is accompanied with copious notes of reference and illustration, indicating extensive and diligent research.

A manual Hebrew and English Lexicon including the Biblical Chaldee. Designed particularly for beginners. By Josiah W. Gibbs, A. M. Prof. of Sacred Lit. in the theological school in Yale College. pp. 210. 8vo. Andover, 1828.

REVIEW OF THE

ARGUMENTS AND THEORIES OF ANTITRINITARIANS,

BEING THE SECOND SECTION OF

FLATT'S DISSERTATION

ON

THE DEITY OF CHRIST.

[Translated from the Latin.]

BEFORE I proceed to examine in detail the particular tenets of conflicting sects, it may be well to take a preliminary view of some general arguments, which have been urged in opposition to the Deity of Christ, though not in support of any definite hypothesis. These are of two sorts, philosophical and scriptural-both of which have been the means of misleading many candid, acute, and so far as we can judge, sincere inquirers after truth, in relation to this subject.

I. Those of the first class may, for the most part, be reduced to this one objection, that the doctrine of the Deity of Christ involves an evident contradiction, or, to say the least, is utterly incomprehensible. And it must be confessed, that some ground has been given for this cavil by the manner in which personality and consubstantiality have been defined by many orthodox divines. But surely, it is most unfair to charge upon a church the imperfections or absurdities of individual theologians. That the doctrine of our church upon this subject, as set forth in her