Hepatobiliary Diseases

Przednia okładka
Jesus Prieto, Joan Rodes, David A. Shafritz
Springer Science & Business Media, 6 gru 2012 - 1128
The last few years have witnessed major developments in molecular biology which have had a significant impact on biomedical knowledge. As a result new concepts in cell biology have emerged, new etiologic agents have been discovered, and new drugs have become available. Furthermore, the world of mediators, cytokines, and humoral factors has enlarged considerably in a relatively short period and this has modified our views of diverse physio pathologic processes as well as opened up new therapeutic prospects. In addition, recent technologic advances have revolutionized our diagnostic methodology and have greatly enhanced the power of our therapeutic resources. All these factors have contributed to a substantial remodeling of both liver science and clinical hepatology, and these changes have generated the motivation for the production of the present book, which attempts to give an account of well-known clinical facts in the light of current thinking. It is the fruit of the coordinated work of experts from different countries in three continents. In a sense, it is a manifestation of the fact that inter national cooperation is becoming increasingly important not only in the expansion of science but also in its exposition. We hope that Hepatobiliary Diseases will be useful to both students and clinicians and that internists, gastroenterologists, and general practitioners will find in its contents a satifactory coverage of their field of interest.
 

Spis treści

Anatomy and Structure of the Liver and Biliary Tree
1
Functional Anatomy
27
5
33
Biochemical Investigations in the Management of Liver Disease
39
yGlutamyltransferase
51
Other Tests Sometimes Used to Investigate Liver Function
57
The Use of Liver Function Tests
64
Molecular Biology of the Liver
73
Subacute Hepatitis Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis
715
Phospholipidosis and Alcoholiclike Liver Lesions
717
Sclerosing Cholangitis
718
Hepatic Tumors
721
Diagnosis
722
Treatment and Prevention
725
Alcoholic Liver Disease M SALASPURO 729
728
Patterns and Pathology of Alcoholic Liver Disease
732

Regulation of LiverSpecific Genes
82
Immunology and the Liver
95
Diagnostic Imaging of the Hepatobiliary System
115
Hepatobiliary Computed Tomography
124
Hepatic Magnetic Resonance Imaging
130
The Role of Direct Morphologic Methods
140
B Laparoscopy
167
Bilirubin Metabolism and Hyperbilirubinemia
181
Secretion and Intestinal Fate
187
DubinJohnson Sydrome and Rotors Syndrome
196
Anatomic and Physiologic Bases of Bile Formation
212
Cholestasis
222
Chronic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis
281
Pathogenesis
291
Clinical Features
292
Biochemical Findings
293
Diagnosis
295
Natural History and Prognosis
297
Management
304
References
313
B Cirrhosis J QUIROGA O BELOQUI and A CASTILLA
323
Classification
325
Pathogenesis
328
Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
334
Metabolic Disturbances
344
Systemic Derangements
351
Infections and Noninfectious Fever
381
Diagnosis
385
Prognosis
391
Treatment
399
References
405
PortalSystemic Encephalopathy J BIRCHER and W SOMMER 417
416
Clinical Presentation
419
Clinical Investigation
421
Management
422
References
426
Portal Hypertension J BOSCH J C GARCIAPAGÁN F FEU and M P PIZCUETA
429
Pathophysiology
430
Evaluation of the Portal Hypertensive Patient
433
Natural History of Esophageal Varices
440
Management of Variceal Hemorrhage
442
Prevention of Variceal Hemorrhage
450
Ectopic Varices
456
Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy
457
Extrahepatic Portal Hypertension
458
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to the Portal Hypertensive Patient
459
References
460
Ascites and Renal and Electrolyte Abnormalities in Cirrhosis V ARROYO and P GINÈS 465
464
Factors Involved in Ascites Formation in Cirrhosis
468
Mechanism of Renal Function Abnormalities
473
Pathogenesis of Ascites and Renal Dysfunction in Cirrhosis
480
Reabsorption of Ascites
482
Treatment of Ascites
483
References
490
Viral Hepatitis A and E A Type A Viral Hepatitis S M LEMON
495
Natural History
496
Clinical Findings
500
Pathology
502
Diagnosis
503
Treatment
504
Prevention
506
References
508
B Type E Viral Hepatitis D W BRADLEY and K KRAWCZYNSKI
511
The Agent of Enterically Transmitted nonA nonB Hepatitis
513
Serologic Assays and Immune Response
522
Unanswered Questions
523
References
525
Viral Hepatitis B and D
527
Hepatitis D Virus and Viral Hepatitis D
554
Laboratory Tests
561
Treatment
563
Prophylaxis
565
References
567
Viral Hepatitis C
573
The Virus
575
Serologic Markers of Hepatitis C Virus
576
Epidemiologic Aspects
582
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
588
Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C
594
Clinical and Histopathologic Aspects
595
Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
599
References
602
Liver Involvement in Systemic Infection J GUARDIA V VARGAS and R ESTEBAN 611
610
Systemic Bacterial Infections
618
Fungal Infections
623
Granulomas of the Liver
627
References
628
Protozoal and Helminthic Diseases of the Liver and Biliary Tract L C DA SILVA P P CHIEFFI and F J CARRILHO
631
Malaria
634
Visceral leishmaniasis Kalaazar
636
Ascariasis
637
Fascioliasis
642
Clonorchiasis and Opisthorchiasis
643
Schistosomiasis
645
Hydatidosis Echinococcosis
651
Visceral Larva Migrans Systemic Toxocariasis
654
Capillariasis
655
Strongyloidiasis
656
Pentastomiasis Porocephaliasis
657
References
659
The Liver in Pregnancy and in Systemic Diseases M BRUGUERA
665
Liver Diseases Occurring During Pregnancy
670
Pregnancy in Patients with Liver Disease
672
The Liver in Systemic Diseases
673
Connective Tissue Diseases
681
Sarcoidosis
685
Amyloidosis
687
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
690
Thyroid Disease
693
References
694
DrugInduced Liver Diseases D PESSAYRE
697
Mechanisms Involved in Acute Hepatitis
698
Clinicopathologic Aspects of Acute Hepatitis
705
Bland Hepatocellular Cholestasis
713
Steatosis
714
Ethanol Metabolism
734
Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease
741
Clinical Manifestations of Alcoholic Liver Disease
748
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Alcoholic Liver Diseases
751
Treatment and Prognosis of Alcoholic Liver Disease
752
References
755
Autoimmune Chronic Active Hepatitis K H MEYER ZUM BÜSCHENFELDE and M P MANNS
757
Immunogenetics
761
Etiology and Pathogenesis
762
Clinical Features and Pathology
763
Differential Diagnosis
765
Therapy
766
References
767
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Sclerosing Cholangitis A PARÉS and J RODÉS
771
Pathology
772
Etiology and Pathogenesis
773
Clinical Features
775
Laboratory Tests
779
Associated Diseases
780
Diagnosis
781
Differential Diagnosis
782
Natural History and Prognosis
783
Treatment
784
B Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis 1 Etiology and Pathogenesis
789
Pathology
791
Clinical Features
792
Cholangiographic Features
793
Associated Diseases
794
Treatment
795
References
796
Pathophysiology and Therapy S D ZUCKER and J L GOLLAN 801
800
Wilsons Disease
804
Summary
829
References
830
Haemochromatosis L W POWELL K M SUMMERS and J W HALLIDAY
835
Definitions and Classification
840
Primary Genetic Haemochromatosis
841
Secondary Acquired Haemochromatosis
853
References
855
a₁Antitrypsin Deficiency J M ZOZAYA and J PRIETO
859
aAntitrypsin Deficiency and Liver Disease
862
References
866
The Porphyrias J PRIETO and J CAMPS
869
The Heme Biosynthetic Pathway
870
Classification of the Porphyrias
872
Hepatic Porphyrias with Acute Neurovisceral Attacks
873
Hepatic Porphyrias without Acute Neurovisceral Attacks
878
Erythrohepatic Porphyria or Protoporphyria
883
Secondary Porphyrinuria
887
Pediatric Metabolic Liver Diseases A P MOWAT 893
892
Congenital or Neonatal Ascites
894
Hepatic Glycogen Storage Diseases
896
Galactose1phosphate Uridyl Transferase Deficiency
898
Epimerase Deficiency Galactosaemia
900
Tyrosinaemia
904
Urea Cycle Disorders
906
Rare Disorders with Hyperammonaemia and Disturbed Amino Acid Metabolism
910
Defects in Pyruvate Metabolism Causing Lactic Acidosis
911
Disorders with Hyperammonaemia and Massive Fat Accumulation in Hepatocytes
912
Abetalipoproteinaemia
915
Bile Salt Metabolism
916
Defects in Bile Acid Synthesis
917
Disorders of Lysosomal Enzymes
920
Lipid Storage Disorders
921
Mucopolysaccharidosis
924
Progressive Neuronal Degeneration of Childhood with Liver Disease
925
Familial Erythrophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
926
References
928
Disordered Embryogenesis of the Hepatobiliary Tract P VAN EYKEN and V DESMET
931
Anatomic Anomalies of the Bile Ducts
933
Atresia of Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
936
Paucity of Intrahepatic Interlobular Bile Ducts
946
Cystic and Dysplastic Lesions
952
References
967
Fatty Liver Disease and Nutritional Liver Damage J PRIETO J M ZOZAYA and F CONCHILLO
971
Reyes Syndrome
976
Fatty Liver Hepatitis Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
978
Nutritional Liver Injury
980
References
981
Circulatory Disorders and Vascular Disease Affecting the Liver P A MCCORMICK and A K BURROUGHS
983
Cardiomyopathy Associated with Cirrhosis
984
The Effect of Ascites on Cardiac Function
985
Atherosclerosis and Arterial Hypertension
986
Heart Failure
987
Hepatic Abnormalities in Other Cardiac Diseases
988
Cardiac Surgery
989
BuddChiari Syndrome
990
Hepatic Venoocclusive Disease
993
Systemic Vasculitis
994
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
995
Noncirrhotic Portal Fibrosis Idiopathic Portal Hypertension
996
Acute Hepatic Failure S W SCHALM R J DE KNEGT H J METSELAAR and B VAN DEN BERG
999
Etiology
1000
Clinical Features
1002
Prognosis
1005
Medical Treatment
1006
Liver Transplantation for Acute Hepatic Failure
1013
References
1015
Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tract M COLOMBO O BELOQUI and B SANGRO
1019
Benign Liver Tumors of Adulthood
1039
Liver Tumors of Childhood
1047
Tumors of the Gallbladder
1050
References
1051
Liver Transplantation E ELIAS and P BURRA
1057
Timing of Transplantation
1062
Results
1065
Conclusion
1066
References
1067
Gallstones J A SUMMERFIELD
1072
Natural History of Gallstones
1074
Treatment of Gallstones
1079
References
1087
Subject Index
1093
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