ADVERTISEMENT TO THE SECOND EDITIO N. In preparing this edition for the press, the work has been thoroughly revised and slightly enlarged. The additions are chiefly to be found in the notes, the chapter on Monasticism excepted, which is almost wholly new. In the Appendix are now first inserted some remarks on the rise and progress of the Papal system, a list of the principal Councils, a chronological list of the Popes, the decree of the fourth Council of Lateran respecting heretics, and that of the Council of Constance on safe-conducts, together with a notice of the present state and prospects of Popery. An accurate knowledge of the Romish system is more than ever desirable. The nineteenth century—the age of education and improvement -- is also distinguished by the revival of Popery. The leading peculiarities of that hateful imposture are zealously maintained by many influential members of the Protestant University of Oxford, and it is said that the same opinions are cherished by not a few in other parts of the kingdom. This movement is regarded by Roman Catholics with great satisfaction. In a discourse delivered last year by Dr. Wiseman, before the Catholic Academy of Rome, “ On the present State of Protestantism in England,” he assured his audience that the most enlightened men of Great Britain have renounced their prejudices against Catholicism, and acquired A a decided leaning to Romish doctrines; in proof of this assertion he referred to the Oxford Tracts. Meanwhile, Roman Catholics are exerting themselves for the propagation of their heresy with a zeal worthy of a better cause. They are building spacious places of worship, and have revived in this country all the ancient pomp of their ceremonial. The press, too, teems with productions characterized by plausible reasoning, fascinating eloquence, and great display of learning, in which it is attempted to disprove the tenets of Protestantism, to shake the credit of evidence which has been long deemed indisputable, and to reinstate Popery in public favour as the only authentic form of Christian profession. Very strenuous efforts at proselytism are now made in the Colonies, in the South Sea Islands, and in British India ; and in numerous instances, if Roman-catholic writers may be believed, with considerable success. In fact, the renewed subjugation of England and her dependencies to the sway of the Roman Pontiff is already considered by them a probable and not very remote event. However that may be, it is high time for Protestants to awake from their slumber and unite in defence of common principles. Ignorance is inexcusable, indifference is criminal, and delay may be perilous. All men ought to know what Popery is, and how it became what it is, and to be put on their guard against its mischievous tendencies. More especially is it needful to explain and enforce Chillingworth's celebrated saying—(now, alas! forgotten by some, and impugned by others)—THE BIBLE, THE BIBLE ONLY, IS THE RELIGION OF PROTESTANTS. This is the rallying point—may it never be forsaken ! J. M. C. St. Peter's, Isle of Thanet, March 18, 1839. CONTENTS State of Religion and Morals in Europe at the Commencement of the Six- teenth Century-Rise of the Reformation—Luther's Appeal to a Council -His Condemnation by Leo X.-Diet of Worms—Adrian VI. and the Diet of Nuremburg-— The Hundred Grievances—Clement VII.-Diet of Augsburg-Expectation of a Council—Peace of Nuremburg— Paul III.- A Council summoned Its Postponement—Commission of Cardinals to inquire into Abuses—Their Report—Convocation of a Council at Trent - Its Suspension Diet of Spire - Re-assembly of the Council at Description of Trent-Progress of the Reformation-State of Parties- Character of the Legates-Intentions of the Emperor-Fears of the Pope -OPENING OF THE COUNCIL—Bishop of Bitonto's Sermon-Measures taken by the Pope to manage the Council—Various Disputes-SECOND Session-Exhortation of the Legates-Discussions on the Method of Procedure—The Plan adopted—THIRD SESSION—The Creed recited Marks of the Church enumerated — Infallibility-Exclusive Salvation. Debates on the Right of the Regulars to preach and deliver Lectures- Treatment of the Bishop of Fæsuli-Debates on Original Sin - The Im- maculate Conception of the Virgin-Fifth Session-Decree on Original Alliance between the Pope and Emperor against the Protestants-Discussions at Trent, on Justification, Free Will, and Predestination--Negotiations for the Transfer of the Council - Episcopal Residence considered – Sixth Session-Decree on Justification, and on Episcopal Residence- Manner in which the Decree on Justification was received by the Pro- testants–Observations on it-Publications of Catharine, Soto, and Andrew mation—Debates on Pluralities—Memorial presented by the Spanish Bishops-Seventh Session-Decree on the Sacraments, and on Baptism and Confirmation—also on Reform, chiefly Pluralities—Infectious Fever at Trent-Resolution taken to transfer the Council to Bologna-EIGHTH Session—The Spanish Bishops refuse to leave Trent–Observations on the Transfer-Indignation of the Emperor— Proceedings at Bologna- Ninth and Tenth Sessions, Diet of Augsburg-Submission of the Protestants procured—The Pope refuses to restore the Council to Trent- The Emperor protests against it-The Interim-Suspension of the Council -Death of the Pope . 109_135 Election of Julius III. to the Papal Chair-Negotiations between the Pope and the Emperor respecting the resumption of the Council-Publication of the Bull — Objections of the Protestants — The Council re-opened- ELEVENTH Session-Twelfth SESSION-Exhortation of the Legates- Protestation of the King of France~ Debates on the Eucharist, and on Ap- peals to Rome—THIRTEENTH Session-Decree on the Eucharist Postponement of certain Articles till the arrival of the Protestants—Safe- conduct granted them—Ambassadors from the Elector of Brandenburg. Rejection of the Safe-conduct by the Protestants--Discussions on Penance- Opposition to Reform-Affair of the Bishop of Verdun-Arrival of Pro- testant Ambassadors from Wirtemburg, Strasburg, &c.-FOURTEENTH Session-Decree on Penance--Reflections thereon-Detection of Error Decree on Extreme Unction-Reflections-Decree on Reformation-Arrival of Ambassadors from Maurice of Saxony-Negotiations respecting a new Safe-conduct-Refusal to meet the Wishes of the Protestants—The Pro- testant Ambassadors admitted to Audience—Defeat of the Legate's Pro- ject to establish the uncontrolled Despotism of the Pope-FIFTEENTH Session—Insolent Sermon preached by a Monk-Six Protestant Divines arrive at Trent–Their ineffectual Attempts to obtain a Hearing—War be- tween Charles V. and Maurice of Saxony-SIXTEENTH Session-Sus- |