Collectanea. Short Reviews and Notices. Recent Publications. DAGUERREOTYPING. A convenient situation in the National Assembly has been placed at the disposal of some lithographic artistes, to reproduce the 900 portraits of the representatives of the people from the daguerreotype. The signature, date, and place of birth of every representative, will be at the bottom of these portraits. THE ANTI-TAKING-BABIES-INTO-PUBLIC-ASSEMBLIES SOCIETY. A meeting of this highly respectable associa tion was held at their rooms. Mr. Job Smith, a worthy and athletic bachelor, was called to the chair, and the usual quantity of vices and secretaries appointed. The committee, appointed at a previous meeting, reported the following as the principles of the society:-"1. We consider the practice of taking infants into public assemblies, concerts, &c., as an evil that cries aloud for remedy.-2. While we would not breathe the faintest reproach towards the highly respectable class of the community who officiate as nurses, we strongly protest against their taking their babies into public meetings, &c., knowing, as we do, that it can only be done by a resort to arms. 3. While we acknowledge that a large majority of our fellow creatures are, or have once been babies, we consider it to be a fact that it is a very small minority who support these crying evils.-4. We cannot shut our ears to the numerous evidences of this evil; indeed, we have known instances of late where it was found impossible, with the largest church organ, to drown (not the child himself) but the shrill, organic notes of the child. We protest against those - 5. We pledge ourselves to use our utmost exertions to carry out the above principles." -After the reading of the principles of the society, Mr. Dunn Brown rose from an inverted cradle, on which he was sitting, and moved their adoption, which motion was unanimously carried, notes. - amid the shouts of the assembled bachelors. A committee of fourteen was then appointed, whose duty it is to carry out the objects of the society. It is to be hoped that not a single man will be found in the city who will not join this interesting association. Sly's African Journal. SHORT REVIEWS AND NOTICES. THE ISLAND OF LIBERTY; or Equality and Community. By the Author of "Theodore." Had not The Island of L berty been composed 519 to point the moral of the Monmouth riots, one might have supposed it had been written on the late Continental events; although, as in most Eversham, an amiable and patriotic nobleman, didactic tales, the examples are overdone. Lord entertains a species of Communist ideas as to property, and a wish for a more perfect equality in politics than even Jacobins require. To carry out his ideas practically, he carries out a goodly number of colonists, flocks, herds, and material objects constituting wealth, to an island in the South Seas, where society begins with a perfect equality of goods and station. As no selection of persons has been made, numbers of the settlers are not of the best description, morally speaking; in fact, thieving begins the very first night. From bad they get to worse, the discontent of the vicious being aggravated by the acts of demagogues, till a regular attack of the disreputables upon the virtuous takes place. The rogues are repelled, with loss, for the time being; but matters are looking very gloomy, when the arrival of a vessel with a portion of the once despised "military force" reestablishes order, and finally a Bishop with an importation of clergymen puts all to rights. IMPRESSIONS OF CONTINENTAL TRAVEL; with an Appendix of Remarks on Climate, Advantages of Travel, &c. London: W. J. Adams, 59 Fleet street. 1848. This volume, with the proof sheets of which we have been favored, is well adapted for home reading, and at the same time valuable as indicating the peculiarities of continental localities, in such a way as to afford a great amount of information to the invalid, on the subject of climate, and other particulars of interest to those in search of health. Speaking of Paris and the Revolution of February, the author observes, that "the recent demonstration of 400,000 troops, national guards and citizens, defiling before the provisional government, affords a sufficient guarantee for the maintenance of order, and a protection against the designs of the Communists; an observation, the truth of which has been manifested during the late deplorable events of the French capital. Hallam's (H.) Middle Ages, Supplementary Notes to, 10s. 6d. 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Handbuch der deutschen Literaturgeschichte von d. ältesten bis auf die neuesten Zeiten, mit Einschluss der angelsächs., altscandinav. u. mittelniederländ. Schriftwerke von L. Ettmüller. Leipzig, $1.70. Geschichte der Philosophie im Umriss. Ein Leitfaden zur Uebersicht von Dr. Alb. Schwegler. Stuttgart, $1. Die Natur unseres Denkens in ihrem metaph. Dunkel mit d. Lichte der Logik beleuchtet von Frz. Humbal. Prag. Deutsche Briefe über den Orient von E. Ant. Quitzmann. Stuttgart, $2.75. The Daguerreotype is published semi-monthly, for the Proprietors, by Tappan, Whittemore & Mason, Booksellers and Publishers, No. 114 Washington street, Boston, to whom orders for the work may be sent, and by whom they will receive prompt attention. To agents who will interest themselves in extending the circulation of the work, liberal commissions will be given. ROME: ITS PRESENT STATE AND PROSPECTS. 1. Vie et Portrait de Pie IX. Par FÉLIX | gazed forth once more into the world, and has CLAVÉ. 1 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1848. 2. Rome et Pie IX. Par ALPHONSE BALLEYDIER. 1 vol. 8vo. Paris, 1847. 3. Notizie per l'anno MDCCCXLVII. 1 vol. 12mo. Roma, 1847. shaken herself from her drowsy rest. Aye, and powerless, fallen as she is, the rustling of that once mighty form has stirred the still atmosphere of Italian life from the Alps to Calabria, and waked an echo audible in the remotest recesses of the civilized world. Mankind has been startled at the unexpected phenomenon. It is as if a skeleton had rattled its dry bones against its coffin planks. Historians had closed the volume of her story-had written their "finis," and spoke of her in the past tense. Singers had sung that she "never should rise!" And lo! Rome is still alive, is striving to arise, and would fain essay to walk. Surely a spectacle strange and interesting! Men, looking more closely, see that in truth it is a living city. Crawling about in unquiet, suffering restlessness, its thousands may be described amid the fetid heap of squalid ruins which once were Rome. Nay, they seem to begin to try to express thoughts and utter words, which they must have overheard us use, even while we thought that they were all gone dead. Assured On no spot of earth has so much been written as on Rome. Republican, imperial, pontifical Rome, has ever been a centre of interest to the nations of the civilized world. An object of affection or of hatred, of veneration or of fear, she has at no time ceased to occupy a large share of the thoughts and speculations of mankind. Nor, though long since fallen from her high estate, does she even yet fail to command an extraordinary portion of interest and attention. From the midst of the busy life of active and vigorous northern cities, men have found leisure to look out at the ancient mother of civilization, as she has sat in these latter days in drivelling dotage on her seven hills, amid the silence and immobility of desolation. But so entirely has she appeared to appertain to a past order of things so wholly severed from the progressively a most interesting and curious subject of obmovement of the nations, whose life is the life of this nineteenth centuryso remote from them in ideas, manners, and habits, that the world seems long since to have ceased to regard her as a society of living men -a body politic, possessed in some sort of establishments, interests, institutions, government, and all that makes one social system an object of interesting observation and inquiry to another. Our travellers and tourists, whose name is Legion, throng thither, and return to tell what they have seen, and to write books upon books, ever fresh books, on Rome. But none ever dream of telling us aught of the social and economical condition of the hundred and eighty thousand human beings who, somehow or other, do breathe and live amid the squalor and wretchedness of those crumbling old walls. Our countrymen visit Rome, look at it, and write of it, as if it were only a museum. It is for them a collection of antiquities and objects of art merely. They discuss its ruins, rapturize over its statues, bask in its sunshine, criticise its pictures, stare a little at its Church ceremonies-and this is all. But the mighty sound of the onward movement of the nations, rushing ever faster and faster along their path of civilization, has at length startled the aged mother from her slumbers. Effete old Rome has essayed to raise her palsied head, has servation! Henceforward other matters than Coliseum, Belvedere Apollo, and fresco paintings, will be heard of at Rome and from Rome. Let us endeavor, then, to shape forth for English readers some sort of general idea of what this poor old venerable Rome is doing and trying to do and yet more, which will have to be done there, if, indeed, she is ever to arise and march on the path of civilization. What Rome, her ruler, and her people, have recently been striving to do does not indeed need to be now told by us. But for the just appreciation and comprehension of this, and far more notably for the appreciation of the work that yet lies before her to do, and of the means and difficulties of doing it, some knowledge of what Rome is becomes necessary. Some more or less definite notion of the social and economical condition of those hundred and eighty thousand individuals, and of themselves, their qualities, and capabilities, would seem desirable to such as take an interest in the resuscitation of that wonderful old city. And this is precisely what none have ever supplied, and none apparently have ever demanded. Both a cause and a consequence of this neglect and apathy is to be found in the exceeding difficulty of obtaining any such adequate information. For many years publicity of any sort has been most care whose growth has ruined it, when the slightest touch of the mason's repairing hand would bring the whole mass to the ground. fully shunned by the rulers of the eternal city. tain its form and coherence by the inert force Every administration, every institution, every of its own weight, and bound together by the branch of the public service has been scrupu- ramifications of that very same abusive ivy lously veiled from the scrutiny of the vulgar | eye. The broad light of day has been excluded with the utmost jealousy from the secret chambers, where those lovers of darkness who held in their feeble and trembling hands the thread of Roman destinies conducted the operations of their rule. And in some sense they were wise in their generation, these children of darkness. Successive generations of childless old men, each personally needing the duration of the crazy edifice but for a few years at most, have contrived to preserve the roof over their heads, and to keep the worn-out machine at work longer than those who observed the outward manifestations of its internal rottenness could have supposed possible. For such outward manifestations have been many, unmistakable, and ever-increasing. Great were the efforts of old Mother Church to conceal the cancerous sores which were consuming the vitals of that temporal dominion which constitutes her body. Of those which afflict her spiritual existence the soul of that body-we have no intention of speaking now, except as it may be necessary to refer to them as influencing the temporal condition of her people. Carefully has the old soiled threadbare and torn mantle of outward decency been patched, and pulled, and pinned, and even readjusted with new dizening of cheap coarse lace over its most ragged parts, in the hope of hiding from all eyes the hopeless state of incurable disease within. For hopeless it must surely have long since appeared to any who might have cared to hope more than that their own end might arrive before that of the system under which they had grown old. And yet one has at length come who does hope something more than this. A ruler has ascended the Papal throne who has dared to look steadfastly at the ruinous state of the crumbling edifice around him; nay more, who has dared to let in the light and the gazing of profane eyes on the secret wretchedness so long concealed; and, greatest daring of all, who has absolutely ventured to put forth his hand to the tottering fabric who has thought of repairing instead of propping, of renewing instead of patching, of cleansing the accumulated filth instead of thrusting it out of sight.—Yes, greatest daring of all, assuredly! for there is a stage in the progress of ruin at which the attempt to repair is fraught with greater, or at least with inore immediate danger than the undisturbed operation of decay. Many an ancient wall, or mere mass of crumbling dust, will for years re That such and so dangerous is the work of repair on which the Ninth Pius is now engaged, none, who have even a superficial knowledge of Rome and its government, will be inclined to doubt. It is the attempt of a courageous man, and of, we would hope, an upright ruler. It is a well-nigh desperate effort, the generous nobleness of which all must admire and applaud, and which must to a certain point command all good men's wishes for its success. And now to attempt some appreciation of the chances of success which may attend this arduous undertaking, it must be, in the first place, remembered that in all such cases of reparation the principal difficulty presented to the judgment lies in the question - What of the old shall be abandoned, destroyed, removed — and what preserved? Herein lies the difficulty and the danger; for we know how dangerous is the attempt to mend old garments with new cloth; we know the result that is likely to come about. What portion, then, of the once mighty system of the Papal Government, the progressive work of so many centuries of well-sustained endeavor, and the labors of so many pontiffs- of that system constructed to grasp a world, but now strangling an enfeebled province by the unexpanding narrowness of its clutch,-what portion of this may Rome's reforming ruler venture to retain? Truly, no simple or easy question to the most unshackled mind; but a true priest of Rome's Church, born beneath her wing, bred under her teaching-to a Pope honestly conscientious to do a Pope's duty, what a question! How fearful! how tremendous! And such a Pope we believe, not without good grounds for our conviction, Pius the Ninth to be. We believe him to be a true priest and sincere pontiff. It has been often asserted, not only by his enemies but by his admirers, that he is otherwise. It has been believed and hoped by some friends to the progressive movement in Italy-lovers of expediency rather than of truth-that Pius is no sincere well-wisher to the Papacy; that he speaks a small portion of his thought only; that he intends the destruction of the fabric he pretends to repair; and that he well knows that such must be the ultimate effects of the steps he has already taken. We are well convinced that such is not the case. We are thoroughly persuaded that those who think thus are as mistaken in fact as they are, in our opinion, wrong in principle. Whatever hopes or wishes we may nourish with regard to the future | ing the lair of these Pontifical Carabineers is fate of Italy and of Rome, we would far rather that her destinies should be intrusted to honest hands. We have the strong conviction that no good thing can be produced by an acted or spoken falsehood. As long, then, as it must needs be that the same hand should grasp the crozier and the sceptre, we prefer that the priestking should be at least an honest man. And if the incompatibilities of his position should bring about that other events than such as he professes to look for as the result of his acts should arise from them, we may rejoice in the fallaciousness of the politician's provisions, while we can still respect and esteem the man. We must conceive him, then, coming to the decision of the momentous question above stated, as a true and earnest Pope, father and protector of the Catholic Church in its spiritualities and its temporalities. It is a genuine successor of the best of the Gregories and Innocents who has now to judge what portions of their work can be preserved, and what, for the sake of the vital preservation of the whole, must be replaced by new constructions. With a view of enabling our readers to form some notion of what their judgment on such a question must be, and of the issue which events are likely to shape for themselves, we will endeavor to picture to them some of the more manifest results of Papal Government, as they exhibit themselves to every observer. On crossing the frontier line between Tuscany and the Roman States, near Aquapendente, the change in the general aspect of the people, the villages, and the entire country, is such as to strike the most unobservant traveller. A general air of careless, negligence and ill-conditioned dilapidation prevails. The fields look ill-cultivated, the inhabitants ragged, and their habitations on the verge of ruin. The travel ler's carriage is stopped in front of a wretched tumble-down hovel some few hundred yards beyond the bridgeless stream which forms the boundary of the two States. It is the Papal Custom-house and Police-station, the first visible manifestation to the northern traveller of the working of that system whose "magni nominis umbra" has overshadowed Europe for so many centuries. "Ex pede Herculem!" The genuine characteristics of Papal rule are visible enough in this extremity of the abortion. A number of soldiers-dirty, slovenly, and listless are lounging in front of a dilapidated building, whose broken brick-wall bears a shield with the Papal arms, and the words “Carabinieri Pontificii." Some are smoking, some sleeping, some basking in the sun, without energy sufficient even to converse with each other. Adjoin that of another horde of officials, the Customhouse officers-like their military neighbors, dirty, lazy, preposterously numerous, corrupt and inefficient. The former are useless for the repression of crime, and the latter equally valueless for the prevention of contraband trading. Either set of drones feed like parasitical vermin on the vitals of the wretched country whose substance they exhaust, and serve but to increase the monstrous amount of unproductive population which throughout the Roman States crushes the productive classes beneath its weight. But the frontier is not left behind without still further illustrations of the effects of Papal rule. The regime of privilege is shown in full action. A peasant arrives at the barrier with his yoke of oxen and a load of produce. His time is his only possession, and the hour which he will have to lose at the "dogana” is, one would have thought, already grievous enough. But immediately after him a "vetturino," with a carriage full of travellers, drives up. Forthwith the first comer- the peasant—is put on one side; and the examination of the travellers' baggage-another hour's work-is about to commence, when the cracking of postilions' whips is heard, and a carriage, drawn by posthorses, makes its appearance. The vetturino travellers must now yield in their turn, and the poor peasant may be considered indefinitely postponed; for it is likely enough that before the posting-carriage and the velturino have been disposed of (though the first by means of a bribe will not be detained long), some other vehicle privileged to pass before him may come up. One great evil of injustice is the rage and heartburning it produces in the victim of it; but this, it must be owned, does not exist in the case under consideration. Wrong done to the moral sense, like injury done to the physical frame, becomes by continuance less poignantly felt. The one and the other alike become callous. Nature finds in insensibility an alleviation for that which would otherwise be intolerable. But not the less is the victim in either case injured and degraded, and the amount of his sensibility to the injury will be the measure of the permanent mischief inflicted on the corporeal or moral organization. The peasant in the above case feels no indignation, no impatience, no ill-temper. The course of things described is that which he has been used to all his life. It is to him as the order of nature; and he would as soon think of complaining of the wind or the rain. But on all occasions the Italian is the most patient creature in the world; he is never in a hurry, never objects to wait any given time, |