Ever alive to the beauties of nature, we find Mr. Brooke, a few pages after, presenting us with the following sweet little picture: tranquillity and furthering the interests of com- but its effects, which strike. The wild land, the merce shall have been put in motion, Mr. Brooke distant clime-the uncertainty the novelty will doubtless turn his attention to this remark of the life, and its very simplicity. As the light able island. From Doping he travelled on to fades, I close my journal, retire from the winTesora, the capital of Wajo, where we are pre-sciousness of the labors and pleasures of the day dow, spread my mat, and soon shall lose all consented with a lively picture of the curiosity of in sleep." the inhabitants, not always manifested in the way most pleasing to Europeans. The travellers retired to the house where they were to take up their station, but they were unable to close the doors against the multitude. They were surrounded with people; whilst without, a dense mob was collected, staring with all their eyes at the manner in which the party fed. Mr. Brooke and his companions tried to sleep; but were quietly roused from their slumbers by groups of peering men and women, who stooped down to examine their faces, and investigate the curious formation of their features. Mr. Brooke had now an opportunity of becoming initiated into many of the customs of these untutored savages, who nevertheless display many noble qualities amidst much cunning and often cruelty. The condition of women is free from restraint; and the higher order enjoy as easy and luxurious a life as is compatible with their ideas. The roving life led by Mr. Brooke while in Celebes its unceasing changes, its adventurous hazard was admirably adapted to his enthusiastic spirit. We perceive from several passages in his journal, the mind and character of the man break forth. Vigorous and daring, he blends energy and perseverance with the richest qualities of the heart; and his feelings, in the midst of excitement, danger, and novelty, turn back upon his native land with ever-renewed buoyancy and freshness. the most indomitable "Crossed the lake to Wattarch. One field of large, brilliant water-lilies extended for four or five miles, presenting the lovely contrast of white flowers and fresh, dark-green leaves, on a magnificent scale. On the leaves we found some nests of the aquatic birds, with which the lake abounds, and the birds themselves ran over and swam amid the flowers.” Though we cannot allow ourselves space to dwell much longer upon the excursion to Celebes, one or two interesting details remain still to be mentioned. In the same island in different towns, customs the most opposite prevail. While in one village, under the rule of an honest and upright nakodah, the greatest peace prevails, in another all is riot and confusfon; the laws are disregarded, and the authority of the chief set at defiance. A striking example of this difference is shown in the following ex tract: "A follower of the Rajah Karain, who had assumed the character of a physician, came to the house of a relative of the nakodah, and after sitting some time in converse with the lady of the house, said, I wish you would let somebody carry my bundle to Nepoh, where I am going (Nepoh was about three miles off). The poor woman immediately said, 'My nephew shall do it for you;' and the boy, about ten years of age, "What life can exceed this in delight? Roving went up with the pretended physician, as was from place to place, amid a friendly population, thought, to Nepoh. Some days, however, elapsevery want cared for the day producing freshing, and the boy not coming back, his aunt grew store of information and pleasure. Our bird- uneasy, and setting some inquiries on foot, found stuffers in full employment; Murray with his that the man he had gone with was at Tempe. charts, Theylingen with his gun and insect-bag; On being applied to, the miscreant coolly remyself with my journal, or what is worse, enter-plied, that the boy came back the same evening taining rajahs. "The sun now sinks over the blue hills of Si Dendring, and as I gaze on him, I think of the Isle of the West-our native land. What son has she in a wilder land? Friends, dear friends, I think upon you, too-the binding-link to my country; and I wish for some magic power to enable me to bring the scene and place before our eyes and minds. The lake and distant mountains, the dingy bamboo-house, the dark figures seated around me as I write, the slaughtered birds, the scattered arms, the reclining figures of my shipmates, the touch of evening over the landscape, and the blazing grass on the distant plains all this is easily enumerated, but not described. It is not the beauty of the scene, the real fact being that he had sold him as a slave, no one knew where. Under these circumstances, the nakodah applied to me to use my influence with the datu Lampola, in order to recover the boy, and I immediately applied to him, and received the fullest assurance, that if the boy was alive, he should be found. A week, however, passing, and no news being obtained, I renewed my instances more warmly; and urged that, if the man would not disclose what he had done with the boy, he ought to be put in confinement. Such plain dealing appeared, however, to be out of the question, for he was a follower of the Aru Karain. On further inquiry, I learnt that the very rascal who had stolen and sold the boy, had been sent to repurchase him with twenty-five reals of the datu's money. I was ill-satisfied at the time; but had afterwards the satisfaction of learning from the nakodah the intelligence that the poor boy, who had been sold in Si Dendring, was to return home immediately." After various incidents and adventures, the party at length determined to put into execution the long-cherished project of visiting the cave of Mampo, after having obtained leave from the neighbouring chief. The shadow of disappointment fell upon Mr. Brooke's mind, before he set out upon his journey. He had been so accustomed to the exaggerated accounts of the natives in various other matters, that he scarcely dared to trust to them in this. The exploring party, however, set out, and cruised up a stream until they obtained a distant view of the flat-topped and woody hill of Mampo, upon which was situated the wished-for haven. The first glance at the opening of the cave, when reached, destroyed some of the rajah's hopes of discovering any remains of ancient religion within its precincts: "The cave expands into a lofty hall, dropping with the fantastic forms of numerous stalactites. The rest is soon told. Mampo cave is a production of nature, and the various halls and passages exhibit all the multitude of beautiful forms with which nature adorns her works. Pillars, and shafts, and fret-work many of the most dazzling white-adorn the roofs, or support them, and the ceaseless progress of the work is still going forward, and presenting all figures in gradual formation. The top of the cave, here and there fallen in, gives gleams of the most picturesque light, whilst trees and creepers, growing from the fallen masses, shoot up to the level above, and add a charm to the scene. Yet I was greatly disappointed, and enjoyed the sight less than I should otherwise have done." The country about this place was extremely picturesque and beautiful; the banks of the rivers presenting perfect gardens to the eye; the mango, the plantains, cocoa-nuts, hung in dense luxuriance; large tracts of richly cultivated land, stretching away to the right and to the left, here and there dotted with detached houses or hamlets. Quitting these scenes, Mr. Brooke resumes his voyage down the coast, witnessing, in his progress, the most magnificent scenery, both inland and on the coast. Bold wooded hills, with high mountains behind, bays, valleys, islands in the midst of the bluest waters, and lofty white cliffs, all combine at intervals to form landscapes infinitely varied and picturesque. At the close of his six months' expedition along the coast and in the interior of Celebes, Mr. Brooke might well look back with satisfaction upon his accomplishments. He had not hastily scoured over a vast tract of country, and imperfectly surveyed its coast; was not satisfied with obtaining a superficial knowledge of its inhabitants, but had been at the pains to obtain the most accurate information, and an intimate acquaintance with the greater portion of the Bugis countries. The chart he made of this voyage comprises from Bonthian to Amboyna shoal, including the bay of Boni, though it was found impracticable to complete the survey in the short limits of six months. The party had gained the summit of Lumpu Batang, a high mountain never before reached, had laid down, with great accuracy, the Bugis country, included between the mountain range extending from Lumpu Batang to Latimojong. The territory of Wajo had been exwith its rivers, towns, lakes, and boundaries. plored, and an intimate acquaintance formed Mr. Brooke had lived among the people, shared in their amusements, and the reader will find that he has minutely detailed the habits, manners, mode of life, and institutions of the inhabitants of Celebes. Mr. Brooke now remained at Singapore a few months, to refit his vessel, and endeavour to recruit his health. He sailed on his second visit to Sarawak early in August, 1840, and at the end of that month anchored off that land. He was cordially received by the Rajah Muda Hassim, but the rebellion there remained unsubdued. It was at this period, that Muda Hassim offered to make over to Mr. Brooke the government of Sarawak, with its revenues and trade. We have previously entered upon the account of these proceedings in a former article; and though our information was not so full as it is now, it would still be superfluous entirely to recapitulate these circumstances in the present paper. We are next presented with an interesting account of the different tribes inhabiting the island of Borneo. The investigation of their habits and modes of thought affords an almost inexhaustible theme for reflection. At every step we become more impressed with the crude and uninformed notions of these wild, yet sometimes demi-civilized, hordes of men. The following extract displays some of their ideas concerning religion :— "These detail the principal questions put to Sagama, a Bakar Diak chief, a man of intelligence, who spoke Malay with moderate fluency. "Did he know anything of God (Allah tella)?' 66.6 No.' "When a man dies, what do they do with party determined to proceed, and replying to his body?' 66 6 They burn it.' "Where do the dead go after they are buried?' their objections with the utmost urbanity, smoothing down every obstacle by plausible speeches, the rajah continued his journey up the graduallycontracting stream, between rows of the rasowtam of the Malays, which sprang up on either hand. The principal charms of such excursions were by no means wanting upon this occasion. Smooth waters and strong currents setting in the right direction, do not create the same enthusiasm as is created by hard pulls and tedious labor in forcing the boat through narrow channels, with obstacles continually interposing in the shape of drifted wood and matted grass, so interwoven as to form floating islands. These were frequently met with, and the water itself, instead of increasing in force, slackened as they ascended, until it suddenly became still and motionless. Now they entered the confines of a forest; and the deep, narrow bed of the river, unable to confine the waters, suffered them to overflow their banks and inundate the country far and near. This must have formed a very picturesque scene - the large boat, towed up by four small canoes, gliding stealthily among the still waters, reflecting on either hand the dark mass of the boundless forest; the trunks of hundreds of trees surrounded by glittering wavelets; the partial light; the wild costume of the swarthy natives, and the more elegant form and dress of the Europeans, all blended together, formed a striking picture. Through vistas in the trees, Mr. Brooke obtained glimpses of the distant hills towards which he was journeying; and thus cheered on, the party renewed their exertions, and about evening, reached the welcome precincts of a Dyak settlement, where they halted for the night. Before retiring to rest, Mr. Brooke made acquaintance with the Dyak chief, whose people are a branch of the extensive and scattered tribe of the Sibuyow. The greater part of them have lately come from their former location on the Sadong, after the death of their chief. Their home is secluded, and accessible only by the stream up which Mr. Brooke made his way. The next day the journey towards the lake was Thus we see the germs of an undeveloped idea of heaven, and eternal punishment faintly dawning upon the mind of the savage. Ere long, the progress of civilization in the farther East will cause Christianity to be diffused far and near, and the knee, that never yet stooped but to offer an idolatrous sacrifice, to bend in prayer, in accordance with that pure form of worship which Christ taught to his disciples. Mr. Brooke now started upon an expedition up the Sadong river, in his own long-boat, and a few native canoes, with the view of visiting a large lake up the country. The first place of disembarkation was Sangi, a pleasant spot, where provisions were plentiful and cheap. The datu, or chief, received the party warmly, furnished them with a capital home, and the best of cheer. Here they remained until the afternoon of the next day, when they passed on to the last Dyak village on the stream, and moored at night beyond the limits of population. Near the anchorage was a podada tree, covered with fireflies, flashing and glancing, until the stronger light of the moon extinguished their tiny radiance. This podada is the ornament of most of the river-banks; the foliage is of a light green color, remarkably elegant. To behold these trees illuminated by the fireflies, in countless numbers, is a most enchant-renewed; but scarcely had they proceeded ten ing sight, as it resembles a display of fireworks, by the constant motion of the light. On the Samaharan, each side of the river is often lit by a blaze of these beautiful little insects. minutes, when some of the party descried amid the branches of a high tree, the mias pappan, or Wild man of Borneo," sitting looking down at them with a mixture of curiosity and alarm. Startled by the stroke of the paddles, and the disturbed ripple of the waters, he made off before any one could land. A hot pursuit com In this excursion, Mr. Brooke had to contend against the determined obstinacy of the natives. They threw every possible obstacle in his way, and sought to impede his progress by magnify-menced, the animal showing himself from time to ing the dangers he would have to encounter, the difficulty of ascending the stream, the time it would take, &c. But, in spite of the remonstrances and entreaties of the pangerans, the time as he slowly passed from tree to tree, while the party struggled through the jungle beneath. "Having then crossed a slight ridge of ele vated ground, we were stopped by the dark, deep, ugly-looking swamp, and the chase likewise paused, and from the top of a tree kept up an occasional grunting bark. Our hesitation was only momentary, for throwing off my trousers and shoes (which I afterwards repented), I took water, followed by Rajah Ali, and many Malays and Dyaks, and soon found myself struggling up to the shoulders, with the rifle in one hand and the ammunition in the other. As we advanced a little, the water luckily shoaled to the waist, and I had time to look for game, which was stationary in the position he had taken when last seen. Rajah Ali was by my side, and firing together, at about forty-five yards, it was evident that one or both balls had taken effect, for the huge monster went more and more slowly from one tree to another, whilst we kept loading and firing as fast as our situation allowed; then, wading here and there, we enjoyed the full excitement of the chase. The wood rang with shots, and the shouts of the Dyaks, as, waving their spears and brandishing their swords, they rushed from one spot to another, to gain a view of the devoted brute. At length a fortunate shot from my rifle through his head, brought him from the summit of a tree, crashing through the branches with a heavy splash into the water. The chase was finished. The height of the animal was four feet one inch, and it was said not to be a large one." The burying-ground of the Dyaks, a remarkable spot lying upon a slightly elevated ridge near the channel, was next visited. Tall trees shaded the graves, which, covered each with bundles of sticks, told of the rank of the dead, by bearing above the scabbard of their swords, their arms, rings, and other light ornaments; while over those of the women were hung their waist-rings of rattan. A jar of water and food were placed at the head and foot of each, and in a hole amid the burying-place were seen two skulls, which evidently belonged to some persons accidentally disinterred. An evident disinclihation to remain in the precincts of the abode of death was manifested by the Diaks, where those rested who had associated with them in life, and now belonged, as they supposed, to a region far below the earth. Once more re-embarking, the party pulled on, and soon reached the lake, a clear gem of water, about five miles long, and from one to two broad, surrounded by woods and mountains. From this point the scenery is very fine. To the right and to the left lofty ridges of hills stretch away, whose slopes are clothed with the finest timber, while small mounds rise here and 'there, covered with luxuriant verdure. The party now fell in with a tribe of Balow Dyaks. The pangerans who accompanied Mr. Brooke declared they were a treacherous set, by whom he would be murdered, if he persevered in his intention of proceeding. To these remonstrances, however, he paid little attention; but pushing forward, soon found himself amongst them, and discovered they were sufficiently harmless. In appearance they resemble the Sibuyows, and their dialect is more nearly akin to that of the Malays than any other. They are friends with the Sibuyows, but at deadly feud with the Sarebas Dyaks, for whom they were then preparing to set out. Another exciting day was now spent in hunting the mias, of which a female rembi was killed, while the young one at her breast was captured alive. Shortly after, the following scene took place : — word was brought of more ourang-outangs, so "Whilst employed in taking these bearings, off I set, forgetting geography in the ardor of sport. It was, to my disappointment, another female rembi, with her young. The young one was shot in the arms of the parent, which, when severely wounded, let it go; then twisting the boughs into a nest, quietly seated herself, and in a short time expired, without falling, and causing us considerable trouble to get her down, for the tree was lofty and difficult to climb, and the Dyaks did not show the expertness I expected.” Few will be inclined, probably, to sympathize with us, when we own that we regard with infinite horror the hunting and slaying of the ouland. It is, though frightful in the extreme, the whether of Borneo or of any other rang-outang, nearest approach to humanity amongst the aniing-down as a cruel sport. The mode employed mal creation, and we therefore regard its huntby the natives in capturing this animal is curi ous: 66 Having discovered the animal in a tree, they approach without disturbing him, and as quietly as possible cut down all the trees round the one he is in. Being previously provided with poles, some with nooses attached to the enls, and others forked, they fell the insulated tree, and the mias, confused and entangled, is beat by his pursuers, noosed, forked down, and made captive." On the travellers' way back, they halted at Senangé, where they passed the night in a very primitive manner. After a supper of rice cakes and hot and cold water, they went to rest; and we cannot do better than present our readers with Mr. Brooke's own account of the interior of the dwelling-place : "After our repast, we retired to our host's private apartment, and some nice mats were spread for our bed. In one corner of the room lay the chief and his lady, screened from view by a curtain. We occupied the centre of the apartment, and the other corner was filled with the household. . . . . The sword and shield of the chief hung near his bed's head, and their simple household furniture and implements were suspended around; but we had no heads to complete the description, or to excite the ordinary feelings of superstitious horror at being among a wild Diak community. I rose from my mat, in order to inspect the long room or gallery, and there found the men and boys stretched on the bamboo floor, covered with their clothes, formed from the bark of the Ippu tree. A few, more wakeful than the rest, raised their heads as I walked past them; and, having taken a glance by the expiring flames of the damar torches, sank back again to slumber without disturbing my promenade. They keep no watch, and trust to their dogs to warn them of the approach of enemies. Their home is partially fortified with logs of trees, and they live always in expectation of an attack from their implacable foes of Sarcbas. Having satisfied my curiosity, I returned to my couch, stretched myself with a feeling of secure satisfaction, and, whilst the drowsy god flitted over my eyelids, the plumes of the Argus pheasant, which ornamented the sword of the Dyak chief, waved to and fro, and assumed many fantastic shapes, till my senses were lost in sweet oblivion. The next morning, a breakfast of dry rice, hard-boiled eggs, and hot water- the last I changed for cold was placed before us at seven o'clock." The excursion into the interior was now ended, and in its course Mr. Brooke had gained an immense amount of novel and useful information, which is valuable to all, but more especially so to him, as ruler over a portion of the very tribe, some of whose scattered branches he had been visiting. On his return to Sarawak, the state of affairs was by no means pleasing. Makota had been intriguing, and had set on foot a mission to inquire into the prospects of trade between Samba and Sarawak. In the west, a terrible incursion had been made by the wild Diaks of Sakarran into the territory of Sarawak, burning and destroying the weak tribes, and carrying off the children and women into captivity and slavery. All these things had to be remedied, and Mr. Brooke set about his task with determination and energy. Some few months after, the government of Sarawak was formally delivered into Mr. Brooke's hands, and he began to institute a code of laws, which were forthwith carried into effect. Before entering upon the more brilliant and shining portions of the work, we must make one more extract from Mr. Brooke's journal, descriptive of his visit to Santah Cottage, near a stream famous for its diamond mines, which only require to be worked to yield incalculable riches to the possessor: : Tannah, with high banks, clear water, occasional On the anything, it is slightly chalybeate. There is a tree here which the natives call Kapullah-a hard wood, with a most fragrant smell, and the essential oil of which would be equal to the farfamed Kayu Putih. The natives use it for shipbuilding, and I conceive it might be employed advantageously in many ways. Near the cottage a large ara tree has been felled, and close by stands a Darien tree, two parts of the trunk of which are entwined by a large creeper, or rather by a succession of creepers, which are the commencement of the ara tree!" The suppression of piracy is a subject of so vast an extent, and one so intimately connected with the progress of civilization in the Indian seas, that it has become associated with the very question of Borneo itself. When the mind turns to the consideration of that island, the position of our countryman there, the hopes which are opened up by the anticipations of his success, it naturally recurs to the pirates who infest the bays, and creeks, and channels throughout the whole Santah Cottage, Feb. 4, 1842. —I am here on length and breadth of the Archipelago, impedmy first visit to my farm at this place. The cot-ing the progress of trade, and damming up those tage is situated at the junction of the Santah strong currents which set in favor of the diffusion stream with the left-hand river. The latter is of commerce, and are destined to carry the comhighly picturesque the whole way from Ledah- forts and luxuries of civilization into the homes |