No one who doeth good to those only from whom he expects to receive good, can ever be fully satisfied of his own sincerity. Smalridge. If you will not consider these things now, the time will shortly come when you shall consider them whether you will or no. Calamy's Sermons. Woman and fool are two hard things to hit, For true no meaning puzzles more than wit. Pope. No wit to flatter left of all his store, No fool to laugh at, which he valued more. Some dire misfortune to portend, Id. Swift. Beattie. No exey can match a friend. Poor Edwin was no vulgar boy. Discourse may want an animated-No, To brush the surface, and to make it flow; But still remember, if you mean to please, To press your point with modesty and ease. Cowper. No, in ancient geography, or No-Ammon, a considerable city of Egypt, mentioned by Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Nahum, thought to be named from an idol analogous to Jupiter Ammon. The Septuagint translate the name in Ezekiel, Diospolis, the city of Jupiter. Bochart takes it to be Thebes of Egypt; which, according to Strabo and Ptolemy, was called Diaspolis. Jerome, after the Chaldee paraphrast Jonathan, supposes it to be Alexandria, named by way of anticipation; or an ancient city of that name is supposed to have stood on the spot where Alexandria was built. NOACHIDÆ, a name given by the rabbins to all mankind who are not of the chosen race of Abraham. The rabbins pretend that God gave Noah and his sons certain general precepts, which contain the natural rights common to all men, and the observation of which alone will be sufficient to save them. After the law of Moses, the Hebrews would not suffer any stranger to dwell in their country, unless he would conform to the precepts of the Noachide. These precepts are seven :-The 1st enjoins obedience to judges, magistrates, and princes. The 2d prohibits idolatry, superstition, and sacrilege. The 3d forbids cursing, blasphemy, and perjury, The 4th prohibits all incestuous and unlawful conjunctions, as sodomy, bestiality, and crimes against nature. The 5th forbids murder, wounds, and mutilations. The 6th prohibits theft, cheating, lying, &c. The 7th forbids to eat the parts of an animal still alive, as was practised by some pagans. To those the rabbins have added some others; but as no mention is made of these precepts in Scripture, or in the writings of Josephus or Philo, and as none of the ancient fathers knew any thing of them, they appear to be spu rious. NOACOTE, a district of Nepaul, in about 28° of N. lat. in the mountains, and so perfectly sheltered from the north winds as to be much warmer than the other parts of Nepaul. It produces a great quantity of sugar, and the fruits of the more southern provinces. The villages are encompassed with stone walls. NOACOTE, the capital of the above-mentioned district, though not of great extent, contains some of the largest and best looking houses in Nepaul, and a celebrated Hindoo temple, dedicated to Bhavany. Its situation commands the only entrance in this quarter from Thibet. Long. 85° 30' E., lat. 27° 43′ N. NOAL, or NOE, the son of Lamech, and the tenth from: Adam, was born A. M. 1056. Amidst the general corruption into which all mankind were fallen at this time, Noah alone, with his family, were found worthy of being preserved from total destruction by the deluge: A. M. 1656. See ARK and DELUGE; also Gen vi-viii. !le cursed Canaan, probably because he was a part ner in his father Ham's crime of disrespect, and the Canaanites his descendants were after this to be rooted out by the Israelites. The rabbins indeed bave a tradition that it was Canaan who first saw his father in the disgraceful state mentioned, and ran and informed his father Ham. Noah added, Let the Lord, the God of Shem, be blessed, and let Canaan be the servant of Shem. And he was so in effect, in the Canaanites subdued by the Hebrews. Lastly, Noah said, Let God extend the possession of Japheth; let Japheth dwell in the tents of Shem, and let Canaan be his servant. This prophecy had its accomplishment when the Grecians, and afterwards the Romans, descendants of Japheth, made a conquest of Asia, which was the portion of Shem. Noah lived after the deluge 350 years; and, the whole time of his life having been 950 years, he died, A. M. 2006. According to the common opinion, he divided the whole world among his three sons, in order to re-people it. To Shem he gave Asia, to Ham Africa, and to Japheth Europe. Some say that he had several others. The spurious Berosus gives him thirty, called Titans, from their mother Titara. They pretend that the Teutons, or Germans are derived from a son of Noah called Tuiscon. Methodius also mentions Jonithus or Ionicus, a pretended son of Noah. St. Peter calls Noah a preacher of righteousness (2 Ep. ii. 5), because before the deluge he was incessantly preaching and declaring to men, not only by his discourses, but by his unblameable life, and by the building of the ark, in which he was employed 120 years, that the wrath of God was ready to pour upon them. But his preaching had no effect (Matt. xxiv. 37). Several learned men have observed that the heathens confounded Saturn, Deucalion, Ogyges, Cœlus or Ouranus, Janus, Proteus, Prometheus, &c., with Noah. The wife of Noah is called Noriah by the Gnostics; and the fable of Deucahion and his wife Pyrrha is manifestly invented from the history of Noah. And Bryant has shown, in his System of Mythology, strong traces of the history of Noah and the general deluge to exist in the fabulous history of most ancient nations. NOAILLES (Louis Antoine de), a French prelate of the last century, was the second son of Anne, duc de Noailles, from whom he innerited the dukedom of St. Cloud, with the signory of Aubrach. A devotional turn of mind, and a passion for literature, induced him to enter the church at an early age, and in his twenty-fifth year he had become a doctor of the Sorbonne. At length he became archbishop of Paris, and primate of France. In 1700 he was promoted to the purple. He strongly opposed the famous bull Unigenitus, respecting Quesnel's work on the New Testament, so that not only did his popularity decline, but a sentence of banishment was Issued against him, through the influence of Tellier and the Jesuitical party. His disgrace, however, was but of short duration. His death took place at Paris, May 4th, 1729. He was noted for his strict impartiality between the contending church factions of his day, and for his close attention to the lives and manners of the French clergy, which he much improved. NOANAGUR, a stony district of Hindostan, province of Gujerat, on the south side of the Gulf of Cutch. It produces sugar-cane, and good crops of grain and cotton. The inhabitants are Hindoos, and their chief retains the title of Jam. The capital of this name, situated on the river Nagne, is defended by a stone wall, with round towers and a ditch. The inhabitants manufacture very beautiful cloths, for the dyeing of which the Nagne is supposed by the natives to possess some peculiarly favorable qualities. The chief is independent, and coins, in his own name, a small silver coin called corec, equal in value to one-third of the Surat rupee. In 1808 he entered into a treaty with the British, by which he chiefly engaged that his subjects should refrain from piracy. NOB, a sacerdotal city of the tribe of Benjamin or Ephraim. St. Jerome says that in his time it was entirely destroyed, and that the ruins of it might be seen near Diospolis. The destruction of this city, and the barbarous massacre of its inhabitants, by Saul's order, are recorded in 1 Sam. xxi. xxii. See also ABIMELECH and DOEG. doned, in consequence of a papal mandate issued NO'BLENESS, NO'BLY, adv. Lat. nobilito, nobilitus. To make of higher superior rank: nobility is high rank; dignity; grandeur; aristocracy; in England it includes the five ranks of duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron: noble is high in rank or character; illustrious; great; worthy; generous; frank: it is also sometimes used for principal or capital: a noble or nobleman is one of high rank the former also signifies a coin, once common in England, worth 6s. 8d.: nobleness and nobility follow the senses of noble: nobless is a foolish and obsolete Gallicism (Fr. noblesse), used as synonymous with nobility and nobleness. Upon the nobles of the children of Israel he laid But ah, my muse, I would thou had'st facility Sidny. Fair branch of nobless, flower of chivalry, Id. And call the nobles to the audience. Upon every writ procured for debt or damage, amounting to forty pounds or more, a noble, that is six shillings and eight-pence, is, and usually hath been, paid to fine. Bacon. What the nobles once said in parliament, Nolumus leges Angliæ mutari, is imprinted in the hearts of all the people. Id. NOBILI (Robert de), an Italian Jesuit, and one of the Indian missionaries, who, in the beginning of the seventeenth century, to secure success to his mission, assumed the title and appearance of a Bramin and at length persuaded the credulous people that he was in reality a member of that order. He forged a deed in the ancient Indian characters, showing that the Bramins of Rome were older than those of India, and that the Jesuits of Rome descended in a direct line from the god Brama. He farther declared on oath that he derived his origin from this Indian deity. By this imposture he proselyted twelve eminent Bramins, whose influence proved very favorable to his mission. After his that study was for the children of a meaner rank. death, the Portuguese Jesuits carried on the imBp. Hall. posture with very considerable success. These He that does as well in private between God and missions, however, were suspended and aban- his own soul, as in public, hath given himself a tes Thou whose nobleness keeps one stature still, And one true posture, though besieged with ill. Ben Jonson. In the court of our Henry the Eighth, a certain great peer could say, it was enough for roblemen's sons to wind their horn, and carry their hawk fair; Challenge, nor wonder, or esteem from me, Virtue alone is true nobility. Those two great things that so engross the desires and designs of both the nobler and ignobler sort of mankind, are to be found in religion; namely, wisdom and pleasure. South. There could not have been a more magnificent design than that of Trajan's pillar. Where could an emperor's ashes have been so nobly lodged as in the midst of his metropolis, and on the top of so exalted a monument! Addison on Italy. Estates are now almost as frequently made over by whist and hazard as by deeds and settlements: and the chariots of many of our nobility may be said (like Basset's in the play) to roll upon the four aces. Connoisseur. See all our nobles begging to be slaves, See all our fools aspiring to be knaves. Pope. The second natural division of power is of such men who have acquired large possessions, and consequently dependencies; or descend from ancestors who have left them great inheritances, together with an hereditary authority: these easily unite in thoughts and opinions. Thus commences a great council or senate of nobles, for the weighty affairs of the nation. Swift. Men should press forward in Fame's glorious chace, That no rude savour maritime invade the nose The nobility and gentry were taught theoretically as well as practically to bruise the bodies, and to use a technical term) darken the day-lights of each other, with the vigour of a Hercules tempered with he grace of an Apollo. Canning. NOBILITY, in the common acceptation of the word, means that quality or dignity which raises a man above the rank of a peasant or a commoner. It is an opinion not uncommon, and at least plausible, that the nobility of a well regulated state is the best security against monarchal despotism or lawless usurpation on the one hand, and the confusion of democratic insolence on the other. Self-interest is the most powerful principle in the human breast; and it is obviously the interest of such men to preserve that balance of power in society upon which the very existence of their order depends. The origin of nobility in Europe is by some referred to the Goths; who, after they had seized a part of Europe, rewarded their captains with titles of honor, to distinguish them from the common people. We shall only in this place consider the manner in which in our own country they may be created, and the incidents attending them. 1. The right of peerage seems to have been originally territorial; that is, annexed to lands, honors, castles, manors, and the like; the proprietors and possessors of which were (in right of those estates) allowed to be peers of the realm, and were summoned to parliament to do suit and service to their sovereign: and, when the land was alienated, the dignity passed with it as appendant. Thus, in England, the bishops still sit in the house of lords in right of succession to certain ancient baronies annexed, or supposed to be annexed, to their episcopal lands; and thus in 11 Heary VI. the possession of the castle of Arundel was adjudged to confer an earldom on its possessor. But afterwards, when alienations grew to be frequent, the dignity of peerage was confined to the lineage of the party ennobled, and, instead of territorial, became personal. Actual proof of a tenure by barony became no longer necessary to constitute a lord of parliament; but the record of the writ of summons to him or his ancestors was admitted as a sufficient evidence of the tenure. Peers of Great Britain (savs Blackstone) are now created either by writ or by patent: for those who claim by prescription must suppose either a writ or patent made to their ancestors; though by length of time it is lost. The creation by writ, or the king's letter, is a summons to attend the house of peers, by the style and title of that barony which the king s pleased to confer that by patent is a royal giant to a subject of any dignity and degree of peerage. The creation by writ is the more ancient v.ay; but a man is not ennobled thereby, unless he actually take his seat in the house of lords; and two writs of summons, and sitting in two distinct some are of opinion that there must be at least parliaments, to evidence an hereditary barony: and therefore the most usual, because the surest way, is to grant the dignity by patent, which endures to a man and his heirs according to the limitations thereof, though he never himself makes use of it. Yet it is frequent to call up the eldest son of a peer to the house of lords by writ of summons, in the name of his father's barony: because in that case there is no danger of his childrens' losing the nobility in case he never take his seat; for they will succeed to their grandfather. Creation by writ has also one advantage over that by patent; for a person created by writ holds the dignity to him and his heirs, without any words to that purpose in the writ; but in letters patent there must be words to direct the inheritance, else the dignity endures only to the grantee for life. For a man or woman may be created noble for their own lives, and the dignity not descend to their heirs at all, or descend only to some particular heirs: as where a peerage is limited to a man and the heirs male of his body by Elizabeth his present lady, and not to such heirs by any former or future wife. 2. Let us next take a view of a few of the principal incidents attending the nobility,-exclusive of their capacity as members of parliament, and as hereditary counsellors of the crown, for both which we refer to the article PARLIAMENT. And first we must observe, that in criminal cases a nobleman shall be tried by his peers. The great are always obnoxious to popular envy were they to be judged by the people they might be in danger from the prejudice of their judges; and would moreover be deprived of the privilege of the meanest subjects, that of being tried by their equals, which is secured to all the realm by magna charta, c. 29. It is said that this does not extend to bishops; who though they are lords of parliament, and sit there by virtue of their baronies which held jure ecclesiæ, yet are not ennobled by blood, and consequently not peers with the nobility. As to peeresses, no provision was made for their trial when accused of treason or felony, till after Eleanor duchess of Gloucester, wife to the lord protector, had been accused of treason, and found guilty of witchcraft, in an ecclesiastical synod, through the intrigues of cardinal Beaufort. This very extraordinary trial gave occasion to a special statute, 20 Hen. VI. cap. 9, which enacts that peeresses, either in their own right or by marriage, shall be tried before the same judicature as peers of the realm. If a woman, noble in her own right, marries a commoner, she still remains noble, and shall be tried by her peers: but, if she be only noble by marriage, then by a second marriage with a commoner she loses her dignity; for as by marriage it is gained, by marriage it is also lost. Yet if a duchess-dowager marries a baron, she continues a duchess still; for all the nobility are pares, and therefore it is no degradation. A peer or peeress (either in her own right or by marriage) cannot be arrested in civil cases: and they have also many peculiar privileges annexed to their peerage in the course of judicial proceedings. A peer sitting in judgment gives not his verdict upon oath, like an ordinary juryman, but upon his honor; he answers also to bills in chancery upon his honor, and not upon his oath but when he is examined as a witness, either in civil or criminal cases, he must be sworn; for the respect which the law shows to the honor of a peer does not extend so far as to overturn a settled maxim that in judicio non creditur nisi juratus. The honor of peers is however so highly tendered by the law that it is much more penal to spread false reports of them, and certain other great officers of the realm, than of other men; scandal against them being called by the peculiar name of scandalum magnatum, and subjected to a peculiar punishment by divers ancient statutes. A peer cannot lose his nobility but by death or attainder; though there was an instance, in the reign of Edward IV., of the degradation of George Neville duke of Bedford by act of parliament, on account of his poverty, which rendered him unable to support his dignity. But this is a singular instance, which serves at the same time, by having happened, to show the power of parliament; and, by having happened but once, to show how tender the parliament hath been in exerting so high a power. It hath been said indeed, that if a baron wastes his estate, so that he is not able to support the degree, the king may degrade him but it is expressly held by later authorities that a peer cannot be degraded but by act of parliament. NOBILITY, SCOTTISH. The earl of Buchan, in his Introduction to the Life of Fletcher, speaks in very strong terms of the power of the ancient Scottish nobility. The king and the slaves,' says he, 'were, in fact, the only people, and the nobility was the prince. The king therefore, with the slaves, assumed the station of the people, and crushed more or less in different ages the prince, combined and composed of the great proprietors of the soil.'-The nobility of Scotland were the earls and lords of regality. Scotland never knew such an order of men as lords of parliament. The earls had no right to sit in the parliament, but by their lands; but being chief magistrates and judges in their counties, with regal powers, these, with their territorial advantages springing from the feudal system, rendered them truly formidable both to the king and to the commonwealth. James I. saw the advantages reaped in England by the crown, in consequence of the formation of a peers' house of parliament and the power of calling up great commoners by writ of summons to that house of parliament, and wished to adopt so crafty an example. On the trial of Murdock, duke of Albany, he established a precedent for what were called barons of Baron-rent to be called lords and nobles, and to sit with precedence in the parliament by royal charter of lands, erecting estates into earldoms or baronies, unconnected with the ancient earldoms or county palatines of the kingdom; and then by the election of certain members of parliament for preparing the laws or acts, who were called lords of the articles, chosen from the earls, barons of baron-rent, and the great officers of the state, he contrived to quash or prevent motions that were adverse to the interest of the crown.' A NOBLE is a person who has a privilege which raises him above a commoner, or peasant, either by birth, by office, or by patent from his prince. The original word nobilis is formed of the ancient noscibilis, distinguishable, or remarkable. In England the word noble is of a narrower import than in other countries; being confined to persons above the degree of knights; whereas abroad, it comprehends not only knights, but gentlemen. The nobles of England are also called pares regni, as being nobilitate pares, though gradu impares. Nobles, among the ancient Greeks, were called Eurarpidai, as descended from those heroic ancestors so famous in history. Such were the Praxiergidæ, Etrobutidæ, Alemæonidæ, &c., all of whom had many privileges annexed to their quality; amongst which this was one, that they wore grasshoppers in their hair as a badge of nobility. Nobles, among the ancient Romans, were such as had the jus imaginum, or the right of using the pictures or statues of their ancestors; a right which was allowed only to those whose ancestors had borne some curule office, that is, had been curule, ædile, censor, prætor, or consul. For a long time none but the Patricii were the nobles, because no person but of that superior rank could bear any curule office; hence in Livy, Sallust, &c., nobilitas is used to signify the Patrician order, and so opposed to plebs. To make the true meaning of nobilis still more clear, let it be observed that the Roman people were divided into nobiles, novi, and ignobiles. Nobiles were they who had the pictures, &c., of their ancestors; novi were such as had only their own; ignobiles were such as had neither. See Jus. The Roman nobility, by way of distinction, wore a half moon upon their shoes, especially those of Patrician rank. The NOBLE was anciently a coin struck in the reign of Edward III. and then called the penny of gold; but afterwards a rose noble, from its being stamped with a rose. NO'BODY, n.s. No and body. No one; extended and embellished: hence the present town, instead of being surrounded with ramparts, presents to the eye scattered groups of houses, intermingled with trees. It is the see of a bishop, and gave birth to the celebrated painter Solimena. Population about 6800. Twenty miles E. S. E. of Naples. NOCK, n. s. & v. a. Teut. nocke; Swed. nok; Ital. nocchia. A notch, nick, or slit; a notch: the anus; to place on a notch. Then tooke he up his bow And nocked his shaft, the ground whence all their future griefe did grow. Chapman. Hudibras. When the date of nock was out, Off dropt the sympathetick snout. NOCTAM'BULO, n. s. ) Lat. nor and NOCTID'IAL, adj. NOCTIFEROUS. NOCTUARY, n. s. NOCTURN, NOCTURNAL, adj. & n. s. | ambulo; noctis and dies; Fr. nocturn; Lat. nocturnus. One who walks by night or in sleep: noctidial is comprising a day and a night: noctiferous, bringing night: noctuary, an account of transactions or occurrences in the night: noeturn, a nightly office of devotion: nocturnal, nightly; and an instrument whereby nightly observations are made. the solar year, are natural and universal; but incomThe noctidial day, the lunar periodic month, and mensurate each to another, and difficult to be reconciled. Holder. That projection of the stars which includes all the stars of our horizon, and therefore reaches to the thirty-eighth degree and a half of southern latitude, though its centre is the north pole, gives us a better view of the heavenly bodies as they appear every night to us; and it may serve for a nocturnal, and shew the true hour of the night. Watts. NOCTAMBULOS, NOCTAMBULI, SOMNAMBULI, or night-walkers. Schenkins, Horastius, Clauderus, and Hildanus, who have written on sleep, give us various unhappy histories of noctambuli. When the disease is moderate the persons affected with it only repeat the actions of the day on getting out of bed, and go quietly to the places they frequented at other times; but those who have it in the most violent degree go up to dangerous places, and perform actions that would terrify them to think of when they are awake. These are by some called lunatic night-walkers, because fits are observed to return with the most |