NAPOLI DI ROMANIA, the ancient Nauplia, is also a town of Greece, in the east of the Morea, on a gulf of this name. The harbour is capable of containing 150 ships of war. The town, situated on the south side of the port, is fortified, and stretches along the whole length of the promontory, and is a place of some activity in the corn, oil, wine, and cotton trade. It is the best built town of the Morea, but its situation is unhealthy, fevers being frequent. Population 6000. NAPOLOUS, or NAPOLOSE, a city of Palestine, the ancient Sichem, afterwards called Neapolis, is the metropolis of an extensive and fertile country. The bread there is said to be superior to any in the Levant; and its water melons have a delicious flavor. Dr. Clarke says there is nothing finer in the Holy Land than the view of Napolous from the heights. The chief manufacture is soap; but other articles of common use are to be procured. It is frequented by caravans from Egypt and the neighbouring countries. Here are shown the tombs of Joshua and Joseph; and Jacob's well is about three miles on the road to Jerusalem. This place is twenty-four miles north of Jerusalem.

NARAINGUNGE, a large town of the district of Dacca, Bengal. It is situated on the western bank of the Luckia, a branch of the Brahmapootra, and carries on an extensive commerce in grain, salt, tobacco, lime, and a fine muslin, made here. During the rainy season the adjoining country is inundated. It contains the remains of many fortresses, which were raised in the seventeenth century, to protect the country against the Mughs or Arracauners. On the opposite side of the river is Cuddumresoul, a place of Mahometan pilgrimage. Here is shown the impression of a foot on a stone, which his followers are taught to believe is that of the prophet. Naraingunge is about an equal distance from the ancient capitals of Sunergaum and Dacca. Population 15,000. Long. 90° 35′ E., lat. 23° 37' N.

NARAINGUR, a town of Midnapore, Bengal, was formerly surrounded by a thick wood, defended by batteries, much of which has been cleared away. During the wars between the Afghauns, Moguls, and Mahrattas, these were found defences of great utility as a refuge for the peasants, with their families and cattle. The neighbourhood abounds with game. Long. 87° 35′ E., lat. 22° 11′ N.

NARANJAL, or NARANJOS, are two islands of the Pacific, in the gulf of Panama. The largest is five leagues long from north to south, and is desert; five leagues from the coast of Panama. There are several settlements of this name in South America, and a river in Peru, which enters the Pacific, near the mouth of the river Guayaquil, in the gulf of its name. Lat. 2° 28' S.

NARBO, in ancient geography, a town of the Volca Tectosages, called also Narbo Martius, from the Legio Martia, the colony led thither fifty-nine years before the consulate of Cæsar (Velleius), increased with a colony of the Decumania, or tenth legion, by Cæsar. An ancient trading town on the Atax, which runs into the sea through the Lacus Rubresus, or Rubrensis, VOL. XV.

capital of the Gallia Narbonensis, surnamed Colonia Julia Paterna, from Julius Cæsar. Now called Narbonne.

NARBONNE, or NARBO, a large and very ancient post town, and the chief place of an arrondissement, in the department of the Aude, France, containing 10,258 inhabitants. It has an inferior court of judicature, a board of trade, an agricultural society, and a school of hydrography of the fourth class. This town is situated in a hollow, on the canal or Roubine of Narbonne, which communicates with the ocean by means of the southern canal, and with the Mediterranean by the lake of Bages or of Sijean. It is for the most part badly built; but its cathedral, museum, and public baths, are worthy of notice. It was a celebrated place three centuries before the Christian era, and at that time gave its name to the whole country from the Alps to the Pyrenees, particularly to that along the banks of the Rhone to those mountains, which was called Gallia Narbonensis by the Romans. Under their dominion it was adorned with a capitol, a circus, several temples, and public baths; most of these, however, have been destroyed in the sieges which this town has had to sustain in different ages; their ruins are yet to be discerned in the walls of the town, as well as in those of the public buildings and private houses, and still serve to show its ancient splendor. This place, in the reign of Antoninus Pius, was almost consumed in a dreadful fire. Brandy, spirits, verdigris, marine salt, earthenware, bricks, tiles, and plaster, are made here; there are also silkmills, tan-yards, and dye-houses. The trade consists in corn, dry vegetables, red and white wines, brandy, oil, wax, saltpetre, and excellent honey, which is procured in the country round Narbonne, and bears its name. It is forty-six miles east of Carcassone, forty-two north of Perpignan, and 660 south of Paris, by the way of Toulouse.

NARCIS'SUS, n. s. Latin narcissus; Greek vapkiσoog; Fr. narcisse. A daffodil.

Nor Narcissus fair

As o'er the fabled fountain hanging still.

Thomson.

NARCISSUS, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, and hexandria class of plants: natural order ninth, spathaceæ. There are six petals: the nectarium is funnel-shaped and monophyllous; the stamina are within the nectarium. The most remarkable species are these: N. bicolor, the double-colored incomparable narcissus, has a large, oblong, bulbous root, crowned with long, narrow, dark-green leaves, twelve or fourteen inches long; an upright flowerstalk, about fifteen inches high, terminated by a uniflorous spathe, protruding one large flower with white petals, and a bell-shaped, spreading, golden nectarium, waved on the margin, and equal in length with the corolla; flowering in April. The varieties are common single-flowered; semi-double-flowered, with the interior petals, some white and some yellow; with sulphur-colored flowers.

N. bulbocodium, with a small bulbous root, crowned with several narrow, subulate, rush-like leaves, six or eight inches long; amidst them a slender, taper flower-stalk, six inches high, ter2 G

only the finest sorts of the polyanthus narcissus require a warm dry situation; all the others may be planted any where in the open dry borders and flower-beds.

NARCISSUS, in fabulous history, the son of the river god Cephisus and Liriope, the daughter of Oceanus, was a youth of great beauty. Tiresias foretold that he should live till he saw himself. He despised all the nymphs of the country; and by refusing to return her passion, made Echo languish till she became a mere sound; but one day coming weary and fatigued from the chace, he stopped on the bank of a fountain to quench his thirst, when, seeing his own form in the water, he became so in love with the shadowy image, that he languished till he died. An excellent allegory on the folly of excessive self-love. On which the gods changed him into the flower which hears his name.

NARCONDAM, an uninhabited woody island in the Bay of Bengal, twenty-seven leagues east of the Great Andaman. It is small, but its peak may be seen at a great distance, and serves as a good land mark. Long. 94° 12′ E., lat. 13° 25' N.

NARCOTIC, adj. French narcotique; Gr. vapków. Producing torpor or stupefaction.

For he had yeven drinke his gayler so Of a clarre made of a certain wine, Whith narcotikes and opie of Thebes fine, That all the night though that men wold him shake, The gailor slept, he might not awake.

Chaucer. Cant. Tales.

The ancients esteemed it narcotick or stupefactive, and it is to be found in the list of poisons by Dios

corides.

Browne.

Narcotick includes all that part of the materia medica which any way produces sleep, whether called by this name, or hypnoticks, or opiates.

Quincy.

NARCOTICS, in medicine, are soporiferous drugs. Among these the most eminent are those usually prepared for medicinal uses from the poppy: especially opium; as also all those prepared from mandragoras, hyoscyamus, stramonium, and datura.

NARD, n. s. Lat. nardus; Gr. vápdog; Heb. 7. Spikenard; a kind of ointment.

Therefore Marye took a pound of oynement of trewe narde, preciouse, and anointide the feet of Jhesus, and wipte his feet with hir heeris. Wiclif. Jon. 12.

Smelt o' the bud o' the briar

Or the nard in the fire.

He now is come. Ben Jonson's Underwood. Into the blissful field, through groves of myrrh, And flowering odours, cassia, nard, and balm.

Milton.

NARDI (Jacopo), an Italian historian of a noble family, was born at Florence in 1476. In 1527 he was sent ambassador to Venice; and upon his return he distinguished himself by his opposition to the interests of the Medici, in consequence of which he was exiled, and he retired to Venice, where he passed the rest of his life. He wrote a party history of Florence from 1494 to 1531; it was not printed until 1582: also a Life of Malespini, and acquired great reputation by his Translation of Livy. He composed moreover Canti Carnaschialeschi; and L'Almicizia, a comedy in verse. He died about 1555.

NARDUS, in botany, spikenara, a genus of the monogynia order, and triandria class of plants; natural order fourth, gramina: CAL. none : COR. bivalved. This plant was highly valued by the ancients, both as an article of luxury and medicine. The unguentum nardinum was used at baths and feasts as a favorite perfume. Its value is evident from that passage of Scripture where our Saviour's head was anointed with a box of it, with which Judas found fault. From, a passage in Horace it appears that this ointment was so valuable among the Romans that as much as could be contained in a small box of precious stone was considered as an equivalent for a large vessel of wine, and a proper quota for a guest to contribute at an entertainment, according to an ancient custom. The plant had a great character among the ancients as a medicine, both internally and externally. It has a place in the list of all antidotes, from those of Hippocrates to the officinals which have kept their ground until lately, under the names of Mithridate and Venice treacle. Galen and Alexander Trallian recommend it in the dropsy and gravel; Celsus and Galen in pains of the stomach and bowels, both internally and externally. Galen prescribed the oleum nardinum to the emperor Marcus Aurelius when afflicted with a cholera morbus. It was externally applied to the stomach on wool; and the success was so great that he ever afterwards enjoyed the confidence of that emperor. In a work attributed to Galen, also, it is mentioned that a medicine composed of this and some other aromatics was found useful in long protracted fevers; and the natives of India at present consider it as very efficacious in fevers. It has a pungency of taste superior to contrayerva, and little inferior to serpentaria. But though the name of this plant, as well as its uses and virtues, have long been familiar to the writings of botanists and physicians, the genus and species have not been long ascertained.

NARE, n. s. Lat naris. A nostril; not used except in ridicule.

There is a Machiavelian plot,
Though every nare olfact it not.

Hudibras.

NARES (Dr.), organist and composer to his majesty, and brother to judge Nares, was a studious and sound musician, who had distinguished himself at York as an organist and composer of authems, before his advancement to the chapel royal in 1755, as successor to Travers. On the death of Bernard Gates, in 1757, he was appointed master of the choristers of his majesty's chapel; and his diligence in composing for the chapel, and instructing the children, acquired him great respect. Dr. Nares published, besides his choral compositions, several books of lessons for the harpsichord, a royal pastoral on his majesty's nuptials, and a useful elementary treatise on singing. He died in 1783.

NAREW, a river in the north-east of Poland, rising in the government of Grodno. It flows westward to Novogorod, then turns to the south, and joins the Bug, after which their united streams flow westward, till, at Nowydwor, they meet the Vistula.

NARNI, a town of the States of the Church,

NARROWS, THE, a channel between Long Island and Staten Island, United States, connecting New York Bay with the Atlantic, nine miles south of New York. It is 1905 yards wide, and well defended by forts and batteries. nian I. From the domestic service of the palace, NARSES, a celebrated eunuch under Justiand the administration of the private revenue, he rose to the head of an army. A feeble diminutive body concealed the soul of a statesman and a warrior, and the faculties of a vigorous and discerning mind. He studied in the palace to flatter, and, when he approached the emperor, Justinian listened with surprise to the manly counsels of his chamberlain. The talents of bassies: he led an army into Italy, acquired a Narses were tried and improved in frequent empractical knowledge of the war and the country, and presumed to emulate Belisarius. Twelve years after his return the eunuch was appointed to achieve the conquest which had been left unfinished by the first of the Roman generals. Narses defeated the Goths, Franks, and Alemanni; the Italian cities opened their gates to him, he entered Rome in triumph, and, having established the seat of his government at Ravenna, continued fifteen years to govern Italy under the title of

exarch.

cumulated treasure by means oppressive and unHis ruling vice was avarice. He acpopular; and the general discontent was expressed by the deputies of Rome, before Justinian. They boldly declared that their Gothic servitude had been more tolerable than the despotism of a Greek eunuch; and that, unless their tyrant was instantly removed, they would choose another master. Thus was his disgrace the effect of the people's disaffection. He died about A. D. 567, aged ninety-five.

in the government of St. Petersburg, on the NARVA, a small town of European Russia, Narova, near the gulf of Finland. It was built in 1224, and taken by the Muscovites from the Danes in 1558. In 1581 it was taken by the Swedes. Near it Charles XII., in 1700, in his nineteenth year, defeated the Russians, who lost 6000 men killed and drowned, besides many prisoners, and all their artillery: his force is said to have been but 9000, opposed to 32,000 of the enemy. But in 1705 it was retaken by Peter the Great, who, though he took it by storm, prevented his soldiers from pillaging it, and even killed two of them who would not desist from plunder It exports timber, hemp, flax, and corn; and imports salt, wine, herrings, tobacco, and groceries. Population 3600. It is eighty-three miles south-west of Petersburg.

NARWAR, or NARAVARA, a town and dis, trict in the southern quarter of the Agia Pro,