made of them by those who, perhaps, formerly made them a nuisance, and with great expense have strove to be quit of them. Some burn the tops on the ground, and stub up the roots by men at great expense; others (who think themselves, perhaps, at the height of improvement in this matter) tear them up with strong ploughs and horses; but if they consider what a vast body of manure they send into the clouds, and destroy, they certainly would be angry with themselves for so doing-particularly when they once try the valuable method of setting potatoes on them. They will then see that the sap they contain is very rich manure, which, when smothered, quickly rots. It will enrich the ground past imagination, and at the same time raise a valuable crop with very little expense. The second crop (for it will bring two) will not be much inferior to the first, and may be got with very small trouble and expense. After the second crop of potatoes is off, if the ground be strong, it will bring a good crop of wheat or beans; or if light and sandy, barley or rye. The first thing to be done, is to cut away through the underwood, where the trenches will fall; then stretch a line to the breadth of the ridge you fix upon. If your ground be a deep soil, the ridge may be broad, and the trench so deep as to afford earth enough to cover the brushwood 4 inches thick. The best breadth for these ridges is 9 feet, and the trench or furrow 2 feet, so that two spits deep and a shoveling will give the covering required. Tread down the brushwood before you lay on the earth, so as to make them fall close one way; if they be not very strong stalks, treading, and the earth, will keep them down; but if the stalks be too gross, give them a nick close to the root. All the brushwood you cut up where the furrows fall, you must lay on the ridge in the most vacant places you can find, as there are few closes so full of underwood but have some bare spots: therefore, what is cut from the furrows will make up the deficiency of manure, as they will act in that station. There is no method yet found out, in my opinion, for destroying brush or underwood equal to this. The longer the ground is trenched before the potatoes are set the better; that the underwood may have time to rot and ferment with the earth; they should be trenched about the latter end of August, and the potatoes set the latter end of the April following. Holes must be made 9 inches

asunder, with a settling stick, to let the end down to the wood; in order to make the sink the easier, fix a pin across six inches from the bottom, to set the foot upon in the nature of a spade, and as you make the holes, any children will follow and drop in the seed. After they are set, rake the lands to fill the holes. When the potatoes are first beginning to peep above ground, shovel the furrows and throw the loose earth over the beds, which will give it a thin covering. All the loose earth that the spade leaves in trenching must be reserved at the bottom of the furrow on purpose for this use. It is far the best to take two crops; because the second is got for little expense, and it gives a sufficient time for the underwood to rot, and the earth to meliorate. The second is to be planted the same as the first crop. The branches and roots of the brushwood will be so rotten (after the second crop) as not to resist the plough. Therefore, you may plough up the ground, either for wheat or barley, which cannot fail of a crop after such a rich dressing. This is an excellent method of improving the land that is covered with brush or underwood.

To rid a garden of caterpillars.-Taking the advantage of a rainy morning, while the leaves are wet, sprinkle them, especially the under parts, and young shoots, with fine sand. The caterpillars, entangled in the sand, will drop off in apparent agony, and will

not return.

Horse Chesnuts.-In Turkey, these nuts, the use of which has been neglected in every other country, are ground and mixed with provender for horses, particularly for such as are broken-winded, or troubled with coughs. After being boiled a little to take off the bitterness, bruised and mixed with a small quantity of barley meal, they are a good food for rearing and fattening poultry.

Plaister of Paris.-Two large deposits of Gypsum have lately been discovered in Overton county, Tennessee, about 80 miles east of Nashville, and near the Cumberland river. It is supposed that those deposits contain Gypsum enough to supply all America. This country, also abounds with stone coal, iron ore, copperas, plastick clay and salt springs. It is said a company in this coun

try, in boring for salt brine, have penetrated more than 100 feet through a dense salt rock.

Rats and mice will immediately quit barns, granaries, &c. wherein is placed the field plant, called dog's tongue, bruised with a hammer.

Heliogoland Bean.-The merit of these beans consists in their extraordinary prolifick quality-their perfect fulness of form and thinness of skin, and in their ripening much soooner than the common sorts. They are short in the straw, and the pods, which grow in bunches, commence very near the ground. They will succeed on soil not considered stiff enough for common beans, and have produced generally, without extra manure, from 64 to 80 bushels per acre: in proof of which, the following facts are adduced.At the annual meeting of the Wiltshire Agricultural Society, holden at Devizes, July 20th, 1814, Mr. Phillips exhibited the produce of two stalks, which had on them 142 pods, yielding 460 beans. In the spring of 1813, Mr. Phillips planted a bushel and a half of these beans, in half an acre of land (a poor clay) at one ploughing, without measure, and they produced the astonishing quantity of fifty two bushels and a half Winchester measure; in consequence of which, judges were appointed by the society, to inspect his growing crop-whose report was made at the autumnal ploughing match, which took place the 26th of October following, and spoke highly in praise of these beans. Several stalks of them were produced, and the committee declared them to be infinitely superior in point of productiveness and quality, to any other sort ever introduced into this country; and added, that they felt it their duty to recommend them not only to their own members, but to the publick at large, who they were certain would derive great benefit from their introduction.

The blood of the cow is an excellent manure for fruit trees. It also forms the basis of Prussian blue.

They have made in Vienna the first experiment of a machine to mow grass. This ingenious machine is harnessed to two horses,

and in the space of ten hours will cut five Austrian arpents of grass, which is 600 square fathoms each.

Peaches and Plums.-Many conjectures have long been afloat respecting the cause of the destruction of the fruit trees, particularly those of the peach and plum-some have ascribed it to a worm in the root; "others, to an epidemic, and affirmed, that when one tree was infected the disorder was communicated to others. A late writer who long held a different opinion, has now become fully satisfied, that the evil originates from the sting of an insect, commonly called a Beetle, or Scarabaeus evidently of the Coleoptera tribe. This insect is about the size of a large pole bean, of a dark brown colour; millions of them have this season appeared, and are found in spading up gardens, and ploughing. Early in the morning they shelter themselves about three inches under ground, where they continue in a kind of terpid state, until night, when they crawl out, take wing, and buzz among the branches of the trees like a swarm of bees; they feed on the leaves and sting the tender branches of the trees, which sting is so poisonous as to affect the juices of the whole tree; and cause the leaves to turn yellow, and crinkle, and the trees to die. The early fruit has already been stung and will doubtless drop, or become wormy.

Early potatoes may be produced in great quantities, by resetting the plants, after taking off the ripe and large ones. A gentleman at Dumfries has replanted them six different times in a season, without any additional manure; and instead of a falling off in quantity, he gets a larger crop of ripe ones at every raising than the former. His plants have still on them three distinct crops, and he supposes they may continue to vegetate and germinate until they are stopped by the frost. By these means, he has a new crop every eight days, and has had the same for six weeks past.

New Plough.-A farmer, at Ringway, in Lancastershire, has completed a running plough, on which are a pair of rollers. At one operation it ploughs two furrows, laying one to the right and the other to the left, and rolls two half buts, leaving the surface smooth and even for the sithe.

Roofing. A material for roofing is used in England, which is cheap and durable. It is formed by slipping sheets of coarse paper (such as button makers use) in boiling tar, and nailing them on board or laths, exactly in the manner of slates. The whole is afterwards coated over with a mixture of pitch and powdered coal, chalk or brick dust. Roofs covered in this way are said to have lasted 50 years without repairs.

Burr Mill Stones.-Governor Worthington in a letter to a gentleman residing in Canton, Ohio, says: "I have used for many years past Raccoon burr mill stones. The flower made at my mills is considered, at the New-Orleans market, equal to any on the continent. I have no doubt if you get good stones, for there is a difference in the quality, you can make as good flower as on French burr. The mill stone makers at Raccoon, ensure the stones they make to be good-and of course are liable if they are not. I am building a new mill, and am determined to use Raccoon burrs-indeed, if I had a choice at the same price, I should take the best Raccoon before the French burrs."

The Raccoon burrs are made in Fairfield county, Ohio.

Lang's Gazette states, that there are now building in the city of New-York, south of Spring street, 1969 buildings, 1000 of which are dwelling houses. The total number building in that city is computed at more than 2000. Upon these it is stated that 20,000 hands are employed, and that the daily disbursements for the labour, exclusive of materials, is $25,000. There are on the stocks ten large ships, besides the 74 gun ship at the navy yard. This exhibits an improvement unparalleled in cur country.

A chalybeate Spring has recently been discovered near Troups. ville, in the town of Sedus, Ontario.—And a marble quarry on the shore of the Seneca Lake.