had on it views of the principal towns in England, the names of which were printed in blue at the bottom of the articles. About the year 1800 the company commenced making china. The first oven was fired by Thomas Walls, who worked prior to that time at the bank in Shaw's-brow. At this period Ralph Cordon was the manager or bailiff, and had the care of mixing the bodies, both of china and earthenware. He was one of the first settlers, and came in the capacity of dishmaker, being a native of Gravelly-bank, near Lane-end, now called Longton. The examples of this pottery are-No. 20, a punch bowl of blue printed earthenware, named before. This was printed by the bat process, the impression being taken from the copper on a flat substance composed of glue and treacle, which, being very pliable, fitted in all the uneven surfaces of the article to be ornamented, and was in some cases preferable to the usual mode of transferring on paper. I purchased it from Mrs. Roberts. No. 21; a slop bowl and tea cup and saucer of china was purchased from Mrs. Pool, the daughter of Mrs. Roberts, who painted the last piece of ware made at the works, a large jug, which she ornamented with groups of flowers. No. 22 is a quart mug, blue printed, having a frog sitting in the inside. On the front are the initials "R M C," it being made for Ralph and Mary Cordon, two of the original colonists, and presented to me by their son, Mr. Sampson Cordon, who was formerly a printer at the works, but left on the breaking up of the concern, and is now clerk to St. Michael's church, Toxteth-park. Nos. 23, 24, 25, 26, consisting of a tea and coffee cup and saucer, and plate, of china, are part of a set, which were given by Ralph Cordon, on his second marriage, to his wife, from whom I purchased them. These were printed in oil, and the colour afterwards dusted upon thema method now rarely used. No. 27, a bas-relief, representing the fable of the Golden Egg. No. 28, an oval placque, having on it a print of the figure of Hope. No. 29, an oval placque, painted with a ship. These three I purchased from Mrs. Till, who formerly worked at the bank, and still resides at Herculaneum. Of the marks used on this ware, the earliest was "Herculaneum," printed in blue. After that, by a resolution of the Committee of Management, dated August 6, 1822, it was ordered that "to give publicity and identity to the China and Earthenware manufactured by the Herculaneum Pottery Co., the words "Herculaneum Pottery" be stamped or marked on some conspicuous part of all China and Earthenware hereafter made and manufactured at this manufactory;" and lastly, the Liver was used by Messrs. Case, Mort and Co. There is now a small manufactory at St. Helens, which may be considered the last relique of pottery in this neighbourhood, (excepting the works at Seacombe,) but that concern has been unoccupied for some time. Some years ago the manufactory was fully worked as an adjunct to the works of Messrs. Case, Mort and Co. There has been a revival of the manufacture of pottery again in this neighbourhood, and works were built at Seacombe, in Cheshire, on the opposite side of the Mersey from Liverpool, in 1851, under the proprietorship of Mr. Goodwin, who was formerly a manufacturer at Lane-end; the workmen coming chiefly from Staffordshire. The first oven was fired on the 19th of June, 1852. That there are advantages in this locality for such works is not doubted, as coal can be had nearly as cheap as in Staffordshire. The quality, I believe, is not quite so good, being more bassy, and consequently not burning so clear as that used in the great pottery district. There is also a great saving in carriage, as the raw materials, such as clay, Cornwall stone, and flint, can be laid down on the quay close to the works; and, again, when packed and ready for the market, vessels can load in the great float at Birkenhead, and at once proceed to sea without reshipment, as is the case with the Staffordshire ware on its arrival at Runcorn. The ware manufactured here at present consists principally of earthenware and stone ware, chiefly of blue and colour printed ware, and lately, parian has been made of a good quality. Here has been introduced one of the throwing tables for making hollow ware, cups, bowls, &c., by machinery, with the aid of which four boys, who are quite unacquainted with the art, can in a day or two's practice, produce as much work as by the old process of hand throwing could formerly be made by five men in the same space of time. The success of the undertaking may be considered fairly established, and a very large and increasing trade is now carried on with the east and west coast of South America, Turkey, California, and India. So admirably arranged are the buildings on this work, that all the different parts work together. The ware after being fired is carried direct from the ovens into the bisque warehouses which adjoin them, and on the other side the coal is conveyed along a railway and deposited close to the mouths of the kilns. The whole may be looked upon as a model for all future buildings and arrangements for pot-works. Indeed, so perfect is it, that it has been visited by several manufacturers from France and Germany, who by permission of Mr. Goodwin have taken plans of it, as a guide for new works to be erected in those countries. In terminating my memoranda of the rise and progress of pottery in Liverpool, my observations must necessarily be few, as I have given the principal data from which I have derived my information; but in order that others who are in a better position than myself to carry on the inquiry, may have a clue to more information, or may have friends who are in possession of documents that will throw further light on the subject, I have given below* a few memoranda that I met with in my researches. The (From Williamson's Liverpool Advertiser and Mercantile Register.) June 18, 1756.-The proprietors of the Mould Works, near the Infirmary, Liverpool, acquaint the public that they continue to make all sorts of sugar moulds and drips, chimney moulds, large jars for water, black mugs of sizes, crucibles and melting pots for silversmiths, founders, &c., and sell them on the same terms as from Prescot, Sutton, and other places. Direct to the proprietors of the Mould Works, Woods and Co. * Nov. 19, 1756.-Liverpool China Manufactory.-Messrs. Reid and Co., proprietors of the china manufactory, have opened their warehouse in Castle-street, and sell all kinds of blue and white china ware, not inferior to any make in England, both wholesale and retail. Samples sent to any gentlemen or ladies in the country that will pay carriage, good allowance for shopkeepers and exporters. Dec. 10, 1756.-Chaffers and Co., China Manufactory.-The porcelain, or china ware, made by Messrs. Richard Chaffers and Co., is sold now here in the town; but at their manufactory on Shaw's-brow, considerable abatement for exportation, and to all wholesale dealers. N.B. All the ware is proved with boiling water before it is exposed for sale. March 19, 1758.-This is to acquaint the publick that Messrs. Reid and Company, proprietors of the china manufactory, have removed their warehouse to the top of Castlehey, and hope for the continuance of their friends' favours. Nov. 3, 1758.-Messrs. Reid and Company want immediately apprentices for painters in the Liverpool China Manufactory. Oct. 31, 1760.-Thomas Deare and Company humbly beg leave to acquaint the public, that they have opened their warehouse, commonly known by the name of Patrick's-hill pot-house, and are now making all sorts of the best blue and white earthenware; where all commands will be punctually observed and gratefully acknowledged by, gentlemen, your humble servants. July 25, 1760.-Wanted, immediately, several apprentices for the china work. Also, a sober careful man, who understands sorting and packing of ware, and merchants' accounts. Such a person, on good recommendation, may meet with encouragement by applying to Mr. William Reid, in Liverpool. Nov. 6, 1767.-Died, Mrs. Leadbetter, wife of Mr. Thomas Leadbetter, potter. Feb. 4, 1774.-Flint Potworks. Rigg and Peacock beg leave to acquaint their friends and the public that they have taken and entered on the Flint Potworks, upper end of Park-lane, near the Pitch-house, lately belonging to Mr. Okell, deceased, where they intend carrying on the business of making all kinds of cream-coloured earthenware, &c. Those who are pleased to favour them with their orders may depend on being well served, and on the lowest terms, by their most bumble servants, RIGG & PEACOCK. following letter was given to me by the Rev. Dr. Raffles. The writer was a man of considerable ability as an artist, employed at the potteries here, and alludes to engraving in aquatint, a style then recently discovered by Mr. Paul Sandby, of London, who was in the habit of spending much of the summer of many years with his friends Mr. John Leigh Phillips, of Manchester, and Mr. M Morland, in Liverpool, to which place he came down to paint and sketch from nature. TO HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF PRUSSIA. Sir, I presume to acquaint your Majesty that in making some chemical experiments I have now discovered a new, expeditious, and beautiful manner of engraving upon copper, so as to make impressions transferable to porcelain, and which, when vitrified, resemble and equal the most delicate paintings. The great fame of the Berlin fabric, under the immediate patronage of a monarch who can distinguish the merit of improvements at first sight, strongly compels me to lay so important an article at your Majesty's feet. Could I be encouraged to hope that abilities like mine deserve so much honour.-I am, great sir, with the utmost veneration, your Majesty's obedient servant, Liverpool, February 21, 1773. PETER PEVER BURDETT. In a bill of expenses incurred by David Rhodes, in the employ of Mr. Wedgwood, who was evidently commissioned to look out for specimens of the various styles of ware then made in England, I find the following items: 1775, May 10th.-A Flawed Chelsea Leaf, a Plymouth Teapot, and 2 Liverpool Coffee Cups 0 6 6 0 2 6 A view of the works, with the Cheshire shore in the distance, was used for the certificates of the shareholders of a Female Friendly Society or Club instituted there soon after the settlement, in imitation of those existing in Staffordshire. It was engraved by Codling, Liverpool. As many of the varied processes practised in the art of pottery are of extreme delicacy in the manipulation, I was determined that it should no Oct. 20, 1775.-Died, Mr. Samuel Shaw, potter, Dale-street. Dec. 3, 1779.-Died, on Saturday, in an advanced age, the wife of John Baxter, formerly a potter in this town. On Tuesday last the said John Baxter died of an apoplectic fit, which seized him in the street. They were buried in one grave. Mar. 7, 1782.-Monday evening, about ten o'clock, a fire was discovered at the china works on Shaw's Brow, but was happily prevented from spreading further than a part of the building. longer remain a mystery, and it was for the Exhibition, which took place at the Mechanics' Institution, in the year 1840, that I engaged Mr. Mollart, an acknowledged proficient in that part of the art, technically called throwing, (which is the first process used by the potter, it is the formation of the vessel from a lump of raw clay,) to exhibit his art, which was the first time it was shewn to the public. In this I was encouraged by the help of my brothers, Messrs. Thomas, John, and Jos. Mayer, who lent me a potterswheel, and presented me with some casks of clay, ready prepared for use, With these Mollart set to work making all sorts of forms and sizes of vases, cups, bowls, &c., as suggested to him by the bystanders. By his practiced hand and correct eye, he produced some of the most elegant and beautifully formed classic shapes that can be conceived, alike delighting, and at the same time astonishing the visitors, by the facility and rapidity with which he made them. Many of these articles were afterwards fired in a tobacco-pipe maker's kiln, in Hurst Street, there being at that time no pottery in Liverpool. After the closing of this Exhibition, seeing the great interest the people took in the hitherto unseen art, I sent Mr. Mollart to various other places where similar Exhibitions took place, namely, to Manchester, Preston, Leeds, Sheffield, Hull, &c., and, finally, to the Anti-Corn-Law League Bazaar, held in London, where he drew large companies around him, to witness the skill and dexterity which he displayed in his art, and the surprising power he had over the clay. I need scarcely say that I am much indebted to several persons who have presented me with authenticated specimens of Liverpool pottery, and for their valuable aid in my endeavors to form a collection of this ware. To all of them, I beg to offer my best thanks. REMARKS ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ARCHEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY. By Joseph Clarke, Esq., F.S.A., Hon. M.H.S. (READ 22ND MARCH, 1855.) ཡ When I pass in review through my mind, the men of mark and likelihood who have gone before, who have, in a pre-eminent degree, combined the two, and after exhausting one science as far as their limits of observation |