"seventh head" of the Beast mentioned in the Revelations, while Napoleon III., is the "eighth head." The subsequent parts of the same prophecy, according to his interpretation, indicate clearly a very terrible state of war and confusion soon to come, "a time of trouble such as never was since there was a nation." This war will end in the extermination of all AntiChristian power in the year 1864, when comes the millennium.

-"Gulistan," a translation of a work of mingled prose and poetry, written as far back as the middle of the thirteenth century, by SADI, an accomplished oriental traveller and poet, is a curious revelation of the tone of thought and manners in that period. It possessed in the original a vast popularity at the East, but the literary merits, as they appear in the translation, scarcely justify its fame.

-A new novel by Mrs. GORE, named the Dean's Daughter, or The days we live in, in the vein which she has worked successfully for many years, is well spoken of by the English critics. As the leading event, on which the interest turns, is an attempt to allure a faithful wife from her family, we can easily account for its reception in certain circles, It requires piquant incident to excite the jaded taste of the devotees of Fashion.

-"A Tour of Inquiry through France and Italy," by a gentleman already well known as a traveller through his works on Turkey and Circassia, Mr. EDMUnd SpenCER, contains more description and more speculation, than the title-page justifies, but furnishes, nevertheless, a great deal of new and instructive matter. What he says of the condition and aspirations of the people, both in France and Italy, strengthens the opinion generally entertained on this side of the water, of the utter uncertainty that society in Europe can remain as it is. But Mr. Spencer argues that the great cause of discontent is the Romish Church, which, wherever it works in connection with the State, is the most fiercely despotic of all known institutions. Hence, throughout Europe, but in Italy especially, he observes the most bitter hatred towards the ecclesiastics, and the people, he says further, are driven to such desperation that they would gladly accept Louis Napoleon, or any other power that would be likely to root out their present oppressors. He inti

mates also that the aforesaid Louis Napoleon may yet betray the Jesuits or the Church, as he has already betrayed France.

FRANCE. Quite apropos to the discussion excited by the romantic history and

pretensions of the Rev. Eleazer Williams, come two thick octavos from Paris, enti tled Louis XVII., Sa Vie, son Agonie, sa Mort, (Louis XVII., his Life, Last Illness and Death), by M. A. D. BEAUCHESNE, a pious legitimist, who has devoted twenty years to collecting all the incidents in the imprisonment of Louis XVI., and his family, and especially whatever relates to his unfortunate son. In fact, as the title of the book indicates, the story of the boy is its focus, to which every thing else in the tragedy is but subordinate and illustrative. The author seems to be animated by the most sincere desire to establish the exact truth with regard to him. As he says in his Introduction, he has spared neither care nor researches, nor study, to arrive at this truth, and his diligence has been well rewarded. We translate a passage from the Introduction.

"I have gone to the source of all the facts already known; I have put myself in relation with all the living persons whom chance or special duty admitted into the Temple during the revolution; I have gathered a great deal of information and have corrected many errors. I have intimately known Lasne and Gomin, the two last keepers of the Tower, in whose arms Louis XVII. expired. I have not consulted traditions gathered by children from the lips of their fathers, but the recollections of eye-witnesses-recollections that in spite of years have been religiously preserved in their memories and hearts." **** "I am then able to affirm upon personal investigation, and with certainty, the least circumstance of the events that I recount."

Judging from the internal evidence, this is a perfectly honest book. We have carefully read it through, and are impressed with the spirit of truth and fidelity which appears to breathe in all its pages. Beginning with the birth of the Dauphin, it narrates each event of his life with the affection of a devotee and the accuracy of a mathematician. The first volume ends with the execution of his father, and the second is almost exclusively occupied with the incidents of his separation from his mother, his subsequent imprisonment, and death. Many of the facts related are new, and all of them are marked with the most tragic and touching interest.

On the third of July, 1793, the Dauphin was committed to the cruel care of Simon the cobbler, and his wife, who continued in charge of him, either one or the other being constantly in his presence, until the 19th of January, 1794. With regard to this period, Mr. Beauchesne gives the testimony of those women who were intimate with the wife of Simon, and

frequently saw her during her residence at the Temple, as well as before and after. Thus they gathered day by day from her own lips the narrative of the brutal treatment of the young prince. Their recollections, added to the facts already notorious, render this chapter the most interesting in the book. After Simon left, the Dauphin was immersed in a dungeon, the door of which was nailed up, all light being excluded, and his only communication with the world was through an iron lattice, which was opened from time to time to admit his food.

In this cell he remained until the 27th of July following, a little more than six months, when the downfall of Robespierre and the advent of the Directory brought a change in his treatment. A man named Laurent, a native of St. Domingo, was appointed by Barras, keeper of the children of the ex-King. A humane and well educated person, although an ardent believer in the revolutionary ideas of the time, he was filled with horror on discovering the state of the Dauphin. He brought him out of the pestilential dungeon, washed him, dressed his sores, and caused him to be provided with clothes. When they entered the dungeon, the child, who was not ten years old, was lying in a mass of rags, filth and vermin, and so reduced and broken that he did not move, and paid no attention to the many questions that were put to him. Finally, one of the deputies who was present, and who asked him several times why he had not eaten his dinner, which stood untouched on the shelf of the lattice, drew from him the reply, "No, I want to die." From this time until his reported death his keepers were comparatively kind, and did all that they dared to render his life tolerable. On the 8th of November Laurent received as colleague, Gomin, and on the 29th of March, 1795, the former resigned his charge. During this period the boy used often to play draughts with Gomin, and to walk on the terrace of the Tower until the 25th of January, when his disease made it necessary that he should be removed. He had tumors at all his joints, refused to move, and could hardly be made to speak. Still he understood every thing that was said to him, and on several occasions when alone with Gomin, whom he learned to love, showed by gestures and expressions that he knew who he was, and remembered the father, mother, and sister whom he was never to see more. Once, by his looks and movements, he asked Gomin to take him into his sister's prison, which was in the same building, and when told that it was impossible, he

said, "I want to see her once, oh! let me see her again before I die, I pray you,” Gomin took him by the hand and led him to a chair. The child fell upon his bed in a fainting fit, and, when he came to himself, burst into loud weeping.

When Laurent resigned he was succeeded by a house-painter named Lasne, who, with Gomin, remained until the end. The new-comer took particular charge of the Dauphin, while Gomin became the jailer of his sister.

Lasne had often seen the young prince before his imprisonment, and in his conversation with Mr. Beauchesne says: "I recognized him perfectly; his head had not changed, it was still as beautiful as I had seen it in better times; but his complexion was dead and colorless, his shoulders were high, his breast hollow, his legs and arms thin and frail, and large tumors covered his right knee and left wrist." Lasne treated him with the greatest kindness, and was not absent from him a single day. On the 6th of May, on the demand of his keepers, who represented that his life was in danger, M. Dessault, a physician, visited him, and recognized him as the Dauphin. The boy refused to take the medicine ordered until the second day, when Lasne, telling him that he should take it himself, and that he ought to save his friend such a necessity, the child said, "You have determined then that I shall take it; well, give it to me, I will drink it." On the 31st of May M. Bellanger, a painter, happened to be the commissary on service for the day, and brought some drawings to show the little invalid. The latter looked at them, finally replied to the questions of the artist, and sat for his own portrait. At this interview with Bellanger the child gave signs of intelligence by word and look, and indeed there seems to have been no good reason for supposing that he was ever idiotic, an idea originating in his usual obstinate silence alone. But the very day before he died he said to Gomin, who told him of the arrest of a commissary who had often been on duty at the Temple, "I am very sorry, for you see he is more unhappy than we; he deserves his misfortune." He died on the 9th of June, at about two o'clock in the afternoon. On the night previous he said to Gomin, who expressed pity for his sufferings, "Be consoled, I shall not always suffer." Some time afterward Gomin said to him, "I hope you do not suf fer any pain now." "Oh yes," was the answer, "I suffer, but much less; the music is so beautiful." As no music was audible, Gomin asked, "From what direction do you hear music?" "From up yonder." Presently the child exclaimed, in

ecstasy, "Among all the voices I hear that of my mother." (Au milieu de toutes les voix, j'ai reconnu celle de ma mère !) Next day Lasne relieved Gomin from his attendance at the bed-side. After a time the child moved, and Lasne asked him how he was. To this he answered, "Do you think my sister could have heard the music? How much good it would have done her." Presently he said, "I have one thing to tell you." Lasne bent down to listen, but the boy was dead.

The second day after the decease, the corpse was visited, and its identity recognized by above twenty persons, of whom, five were officers, and four commissaries, on duty at the post; the majority of those persons certified that they had seen the Dauphin before at the Tuileries or the Temple, and knew the dead body to be his. The physicians who made the postmortem examination, certify to a tumor on the inside of the right knee, and another on the left wrist. These tumors had not changed the external skin but existed under it. After the examination, the body was buried, but it does not appear certain in what place. There are persons who contend for several different localities; M. Beauchesne is convinced that the true place is the Cemetery of St. Margaret, in Paris. But it is a curious circumstance that the government of Louis XVIII, after having ordered an investigation into the case, suddenly stopped it before it had produced any decided results.

Such is an outlire of part of the book. It is to be remembered that the facts derived from Gomin and Lasne, have never before been published. M. Beauchesne accompanies them with a fac-simile certifieate from each, to the effect that the statements of their testimony made by him, are exact, and nothing more nor less than the truth. We give them without expressing any further opinion on the question, than that M. Beauchesne is perfectly honest in his conclusions, and that his witnesses will probably be received as trustworthy by the great majority of the world.

-A warm controversy is now going on among the Catholic clergy of France upon the question whether the decisions of the Congregation of the Index are authoritative in that country. This congregation is the body at Rome, which pronounces upon the orthodoxy of books; in a decree issued on the 27th of September last, the ban was laid on a work on Canon Law by the Abbé Lequeux, the head of a seminary at Soissons, which had been published and in common use as a school manual, for above ten years, without the discovery on the part of the heads of the church, that it contained dangerous ideas. As it

had become not only a valuable property to its author, but a familiar guide to students, great astonishment was felt at the sudden interdict thus put upon its use. The ultramontane party at once called upon the author to submit patiently to the blow, and withdraw the book from circulation, although he has no idea on what point it is condemned. On the other hand, the old Gallican spirit so long asleep, has risen again to deny the binding force of the decrees of Rome, and to assert the independence of the French church. Most prominent on this side of the controversy, is the Abbé Delacouture of Paris, who has written a very sharp and able pamphlet, showing that the Index has never been respected in France, that it has often made blunders, and that there is no reason for admitting its authority at present. The Abbé takes occasion in the course of his disquisition, to bestow many hard blows upon the ultramontane school, and especially upon its great writer, Demaistre.

-A charming and useful little book on the Theory of Painting on Glass, has been published at Paris by M. FERDINAND DE LASTEYRIE, the grandson of Lafayette, who was in this country two or three years since.

-An edition of the works of NAPOLEON I., is to be produced under the editorial supervision of Messrs. Lagueronnière, Lefebvre, Deuvrier and Paul Lacroix, who have been appointed to that function by the government. It is to occupy thirty splendid octavos, and will contain a variety of hitherto unpublished documents.

-M. TCHIHATCHEFF, the Russian Geographer, has published at Paris the first part of a great work on Asia Minor, which will furnish a complete physical, statistical and archæological description of that interesting country. The part now published is devoted to its comparative physical geography; the second part will contain its meteorology and botanical and zoological geography; the third part its geology; and the fourth its statistical and archæological description. The volume now published is a large octavo of 600 pages, with engravings and an admirable map.

-A controversy has been excited in France by the publication of a Histoire du Pontificat de Clement XIV., by Father THEINER, a priest of the Order of the Oratory. This history gives to the world many highly interesting new documents relative to the abolition of the Society of Jesus by that Pope, and takes the side of the Pontiff against the order. This brought out M. CRETIVEAU, JOLLY, the author of a previous work on the same

subject, in which the Jesuits are defended, and the act of the Pope condemned. This writer, now feeling himself bound to continue the quarrel with Father Theiner, pitches into that respectable ecclesiastic with considerable acrimony, and overhauls Pope Clement and glorifies the Jesuits as before. At this crisis, Father Roothan, the present General of the Society, comes in to decline in its behalf the services of its indiscreet defender, and to say that the Jesuits will not be held responsible for any thing in his writings which goes to derogate from the honor and reverence due to the Holy See, and that no solidarity whatever subsists between him and them.

-We learn from Paris that a large number of the distinguished Polish emigrants there are devoting themselves to literary labors. Gen. Dembinski has nearly finished his memoirs; Gen. Chrzazowski is now finishing a large map of Poland; Wysocki is engaged on his memoirs; Anton Szymonski is writing a history of the Polish Administration; Gaszynski is publishing his Travels in Italy; Kosimirski is at work on a Polish grammar, for the use of French students; Wrobnowski on an Atlas of Europe; Wronski has published Historisophie, or The Science of History, in connection with Poland and the Sclavonic race; Trentowski is engaged on a History of Religion.

-M. SAYOUS, who last year enriched French literature with one of its most valuable recent productions, the Memoirs and Correspondence of Mallet du Pan, has just produced the first two volumes of another curious and interesting work, called Histoire de la Literature française à l'etranger depuis le commencement du dix-septième siècle. It compre

hends both those French authors who have written in foreign countries, and foreign authors who have written in France in the French tongue.

-There appeared in France in 1852 of original works 8,261, of which 474 were school books and prizes for schools. The imperial printing office and the other printing offices of Paris turned out 4,321 books and pamphlets, the provinces 3,925, and Algeria 15. This includes 164 journals, of which 40 belong to the provinces, besides maps, musical publications, &c.

-We have had the honor to read one number of M. ALEXANDER DUMAS'S Isaac Laquedem, and find it neither worse nor better than the common run of his early novels. Isaac is the Wandering Jew under a new form, or, at least, one of his near relatives or heirs. M. Dumas has been in trouble with the police of Paris about this book. He introduced the Saviour as one of its characters, and

put into his mouth some language which the police justly thought improper. Accordingly the publication was stopped till the author appeared, promised to take out the offensive passages, and not to repeat the offence again.

-VICTOR COUSIN having been turned out of his professorship, has left metaphysics and successfully resorted to history, and that of the most fascinating sort. His debut on this new stage is in a memoir of Madame de Longueville, which for some months he has been publishing in the Revue des Deux Mondes, and has now put into a book. He narrates the life of that famous beauty and politician with all the clearness and splendor of style for which he is justly famous. If he casts no very important light on the eventful history of the Fronde, its intrigues, and its warfare, he narrates in the most delightful manner, the varied life of a lovely, restless and gifted woman, who played a large part in the events of the time. We confess that we like Cousin in this department of literature better than in philosophy.

GERMANY.-The event of the month. is the publication, by the eminent Professor Gervinus, of Heidelberg, of an Introduction to the History of the Nineteenth Century. All the governments have been frightened by it; the police have every where confiscated it; and the author has been threatened with prosecution for treason. In fact, whether he shall undergo that infliction, is yet to be decided by the jurists of Mannheim, to whom the Government of Baden has referred the question of his guilt. Gervinus has hitherto belonged to the moderate party in politics. In this book, he declares himself a democrat. He argues that the English system of constitutional monarchy with aristocracy, is not only a logical inconsistency, but is impossible for Germany, and the only permanent and peaceful Constitution for that country, must be that of a democratic federal republic like the United States. The historical end of absolute monarchy is to break down aristocracies, and clear the way for democratic institutions. That end it has subserved and is subserving in Germany, but the attempt to transform it upon the English plan will prove futile. In England, the existing system comes from the special and irregular history, and the isolated, insular position of the country; while the system of the United States is founded upon universal reason, and may be adopted every where, by any free people. Germany, he holds, will surely come to it. The book is written in an abstract German style, but it

has a great effect on the thinking classes, and is very extensively circulated, notwithstanding its prohibition.

-Die Könige (The Kings), by Professor HEINRICHS of Halle, is a history of monarchy as an institution, and is written entirely in the interest of monarchical ideas, and against republicanism. The theme is treated, according to the German method, with a great deal of philosophy, and if any body desires to know more of it, let him procure and read it if he can.

-Marriage as it existed among the Grecks, is the subject of a book lately published at Munich by Mr. VON LAFAULX, called Zur Geschichte und Philosophie der Ehe bei den Griechen. It demonstrates that purity of morals and conjugal fidelity prevailed among the early Greeks, and that the corruption of later times was introduced and perfected gradually. Some of the jokes and sneers about women which were current during the transition, are amusing enough as given by our author. Socrates, who notoriously had a hard time of it in his domestic relations, said that to remain single was bad, but to marry was no better. Hipponax knew of but two happy days in marriage, the wedding-day and the day of the wife's death. Simonides held that the nature of women was a conglomerate of the nature of animals. But without going into these profane details, we can commend this essay to the attention of the students of conjugal institutions.

-Musikalische Charakterköpfe (Musical Portraits), is worthy the attention of the critics of the daily or other journals, who desire to write learnedly upon the features of concert programmes, and the works of the obscure as well as the famous composers. The author, Mr. W. H. RIEHL, comes to his task with thorough study and genuine affection for his heroes. His sketches are the more interesting from being presented in parallels. Thus Cherubini and Spontini serve to bring each other's characteristics and genius into distinct relief. Hasse is followed by Meyerbeer; Bach is contrasted with Mendelssohn, and the modern tribe of piano virtuosos and composers are served up in the same manner. The sketches are historical as well as critical, and enlivened by a vein of spicy satire.

-Prof. ROSENKRANZ, who last year published a System of Science, wherein he aimed at a reform of the Hegelian philosophy, has felt himself constrained to issue a further exposition of his views in a pamphlet addressed to Dr. J. A. Wirth, one of the critics of the former work. The great point in controversy is whether the

Hegelian philosophy, as held and taught by its author, attributes personality to the absolute. Rosenkranz contends that it does; that those who, like Ruge, Feuerbach, and Bruno Bauer, have made it a doctrine of atheism, have been guilty at once of logical inconsequence and of injustice to their master; and that the idea of a personal God is not inconsistent with either the fundamental principles or the method of that philosophy. That idea Rosenkranz attempts to put in its proper place as a part of the system, and herein mainly consists the proposed reform.

-Die Maikönigin (The May Queen), by WOLFGANG MÜLLER, is a charming tale of rustic love, with German peasants for its heroes. It is told in graceful rhymes, and is not unworthy to be read even after the master-piece of Goethe, Hermann and Dorothea.

-ADOLF HIFTER has published, at Perth, another volume of his delicate and beautiful stories. This one is called Ein Fest Geschenk (A Festal Gift).

-HENRY HEINE, whose health had somewhat improved, is now worse than ever, but without any prospect either of recovery or of speedy release by death. His sufferings are said to be intense and constant, but his mind is as clear and brilliant as ever. His work on Paris, which, it has been reported, would soon be published, will be held back till after his death.

-Quickborn is the title of a collection of poems of peasant life in Schleswig Holstein and Denmark, by KLAUS GROTH, a new but genuine poet, who writes in the Low German dialect. We commend his book to every student of the poetic literature of that country.

-DR. UNGEWITTER, who published in this country some two years since an excellent compendium of European History and Statistics, has just brought out at Erlangen, a work on Australia, which is well spoken of by the German critics.

-Christian Lammfell is a five volume novel by KARL VON HOLTei, whose poems are well known to students of German literature. The present work has rather more talent and less artistic finish. It is agreeable reading in parts, but tedious as a whole.

-The Poems of LUIS PONCE DE LEON, of which we have some memorable specimens among Longfellow's translations. have all been rendered into German, and published at Munster. The translators are: E. B. Schlüter and W. Horck. The original Spanish is given with the translations, which are generally true, but far inferior to Longfellow's in felicity, flow, and beauty.