shewn to be 1,280° C., the hollow partition blocks shewed a crushing test of 64.6 tons per square foot, or ton per cquare inch. One cubic foot of "Fosalsil " solid brick weighs 57 lbs. It has been found that if an ordinary fire brick, an ordinary brick, a concrete slab, and a" Fosalsil" brick be placed close to and an equal distance from a fire for 15 minutes, the last-named will be quite cool, whereas all the others will be too hot to touch with impunity. Various tests have been carried out at the testing works of Messrs. David Kirkaldy, The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, London Gas Companies, and all shew the useful characteristics of the material as regards weight, strength, melting point, thermal conductivity, co-efficient of expansion, etc. For instance, a leading London Gas Company shewed that the temperature of an uninsulated wall of retort-setting of ordinary fire-bricks was 195° C., but when insulated with "Fosalsil" (Moler) porous insulating bricks it was reduced to 70° C., a truly remarkable result. Already the merits of this remarkable material have been recognised, and we have seen a list of over 70 Government buildings, hospitals, hotels, etc., to whom "Fosalsil " bricks, partition blocks, etc., have been supplied. The material is manufactured by Moler Products, Ltd., at Colchester, and in order to meet the increasing demand, new works, 30 acres in extent, have just been opened at Hythe, Colchester, photograph of a small portion of which we give on the opposite page. The works, which will quintuple SOLID CONSTRUCTION HOLLOW CONSTRUCTION the output of the original plant, are convenient to the tidal River Colne and the L.N.E. Railway. The experts who attended the opening were deeply interested in all they saw and loud in their praises of the admirable laboursaving design and equipment. The block on this page shews the relative heat loss, weight, strength of "Fosalsil " and other building material. FORTHCOMING EVENTS. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. (Gower Street, London, W.C.1.) Monday, October 10, at 1.40 p.m.-Introductory address to Students of all Faculties and Departments, by the Provost. At 5.p.m." The Library of University College." Lecture by the Librarian, Mr. J. A. Wilks, for first year Students of all Faculties. At 5 p.m.-"A Century of Philosophy at University College." By Prof. G. Dawes Hicks, F.B.A. At 5 p.m. "Vision." First of a course of six public lectures, by R. J. Lythgoe (October 10, 17, 19, 24, and 26.) At 6.30 p.m.-"The Literary and Historical Study of the Bible." Introductory lecture to a course of University extension lectures, by Miss M. S. West, B.D., B.A. (Other lectures, same hour, October 11 and 14.) Tuesday, October 11, at 3 p.m.-" The Study of Greek Sculpture." Public introductory lecture, by Prof. Ernest A. Gardner. (Illustrated.) Thursday, October 13 at 5.15 p.m."New and Noteworthy Assyrian Texts.' Public Lecture by Dr. T. G. Pinches. 66 Friday, October 14, at 5p.m.—“ Hydrogen Ion Concentration." First of a course of three lectures (October 14, 21 and 28). By Dr. Phyllis M. Kerridge. At 5 p.m.p.m. Art in the Duchy of Burgundy.' By Prof. Tancred Borenius. MANCHESTER LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. This useful institution, which was founded in 1781, issues an interesting list of meetings which are held at 5.30 o'clock, October 18, November 1, 15 and 29 and Decemeber 13, of the present year. The list of meetings up to May 8, 1928, is published. INSTITUTE OF METALS. The Council of the Institute of Metals has just issued the 1927-28 programme of the Institute, and of its Local Sections in Birmingham, Glasgow, London, Newcastle-onTyne, Sheffield and Swansea. Over thirty papers are enumerated, these cover such practical subjects as brass foundry practice, permanent mould casting in aluminium alloys, special alloys in relation to the corrosion problem, gases in metals with particular reference to copper, and some metallur gical problems of the electrical industry. Copies of the programme can be obtained from Mr. G. Shaw Scott, M.Ec., Secretary, 36, Victoria Street, London, S.W.1. INSTITUTE OF METALS. Thursday, October 13.-London Local Local Section. "Works Economies " By the Chairman, Mr. A. H. Mundey. Scottish Local Section.-October 10.Chairman's address (Mr. S. E. Flock). Sheffield Local Section.-October 14.Chairman's address on "Science and Industry" (Mr. J. H. G. Monypenny). Swansea Local Section.-October 12.Chairman's address (Capt. L. Tuverner, A.R.S.M., D.I.C.). OIL AND COLOUR CHEMISTS' Wednesday, October 12, at 8 p.m., in the Rooms of the Royal Society of Arts, Adelphi. A discussion on "Colour Standardisation and Testing in the Paint and Colour Industry." NOTICES OF BOOKS. Professor Recent Advances in Organic Chemistry. By ALFRED W. STEWART, D.Sc. of Chemistry in the University of Belfast. Fifth Edition (Vol. I.). Pp. XIV + 388. Price 21s. net. London: Longmans' Green & Co., Ltd., 39, Paternoster Row, London, E.C. As noted above, the present is the fifth edition of this work, which is an evidence of its popularity. Hitherto the work has appeared in one volume instead of n two volumes, as on the present occasion. The author explains that as each new edition had to be prepared, fresh matter had to be included in order to keep pace with the evolution of science, and as there was a limit on the size of the volume, he was forced to omit an increasing amount of useful and interesting matter from each edition. In order to include the hitherto excluded matter, incorporate new and up-to-date information and make the book more complete, the work has been issued in two volumes. The inclusion of new chapters on Mcdern Reagents, the Aliphatic Diazene Compounds, the Ketens, Carbohydrates, the Sesquiterpenes, the Applications of Electronics to Organic Chemistry, etc., etc., has been rendered possible by the two volume arrangement. While Volume I, in a sense, forms an introduction to Volume II, it is also complete in itself, and contains matter suitable for third year students. The second volume can be studied as supplementary to the first volume, but it also can be considered as self-contained, being intended for honours students and post-graduate workers. It contains a description of the latest researches in numerous "fields of organic chemistry." Volume I gives an interesting historical summary of organic chemistry and its progress during the latter half of the 19th century. Two chapters deal with Reagents, one with Aliphatic Terpenes. There are in Volume I XVII chapters, and it will in all respects meet the requirements of third year students, as contemplated by the author. The same lines have in the main been applied to Volume II as Volume I. The historical chapteks dealing with organic chemistry from the time of Kekulé will be found handy and useful for reference. The volume is suited for honours students and post-graduate workers, the additions and expansions being written with this object in view. There is a useful table of contents, and a full alphabetical index of subject matter. The author is well known in the scientific world and has established a reputation as a thoughtful writer. The general make-up and binding are in keeping with the high standard of excellence for which Longmans' Green and Company have been justifiably appreciated by scientific readers, Chemistry and the Home. By HARRISON M. HOWE AND FRANCIS M. TURNER, JUNR. Pp. X +356. Price 7s. 6d. net. London : Charles Scribners & Sons, Beak Street, and at New York. It The authors have written an eminently practical book, in which elementary science is applied to domestic requirements. might be called a book of recipes, inasmuch as numerous familiar subjects are explained. Adverting to the contents, we cull a few items Chemistry Everywhere, Chemistry in Foods and Nutrition, Metals and the Kitchen, Glass, with mention of other Ceramics, Science in Cleanliness, Fabrics of Various Kinds, Paper, Ink, Rubber, Photography, Drugs, Medicine, Illumination, Leather, Fuels, Chemistry in the Garden. The work would constitute a very useful addition to the library of any home, to which frequent reference can with advantage be made. Printed copies of the full Published Specifications may be obtained from the Patent Office, 25, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.2., at the uniform price of 1s. each. Abstract Published. 275,213.-Chemische Fabrik auf Actien, Borm. E. Schering, 170, Mullerstrasse, Berlin. The The Iodo derivatives of cyanophenolethers having the constitution R-O-R1-CN, in which R and R' represent iodo-substituted aryl residues, are prepared by condensing iodophenolethers with metallic salts of iodooxybenzonitriles or metallic salts of iodophenolethers with iodo-benzonitriles. iodobenzonitrile or iodo-oxybenzonitrile may be replaced by an iodo-nitrobenzene or iodonitro-oxybenzene, and the condensation product then reduced and treated after diazotization with copper dyanide. condensation is effected by heating to, say, 210-240° C. in the presence of a catalyst such as copper. The products are useful as intermediates for the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations. Examples given of the preparation of 4-(4-methoxy3'-iodophenoxy)-3 : 5-diiodo-1-cyanobenzene by condensing 2: 4-diicdoanisol with the potassium salt of 3: 5-diiodo-4-oxybenzonitrile and by condensing the potassium salt of o-iodomethylether of hydroquinone with 3 4 5-triiodo-1-benzonitrile. The Latest TRADE MARKS are This list of Trade Marks of interest to Readers has been selected from the Official Trade Marks Journal, and is Published by permission of the Controller of His Majesty's Stationery Office. ADASPRA. 483,172. Chemical substances prepared for use in medicine and pharmacy. Clifford Biddell Price, 5 & 6, Carey Lane, Cheapside, London, E.C.2. September 21st. PRONTURAL. 483,493.-Chemical substances prepared for use in medicine and pharmacy.H. R. Napp, Limited, 3 and 4, Clement's Inn ,Kingsway, London, W.C.2. September 21st. MINERALOGEN. 480,291.-Mineral substance prepared for use in medicine and pharmacy, but not including salves and ointments, and not including any goods of a like kind to any of these excluded goods. Eugen Solmersitz, 13, Nurnberger Platz, Berlin, W.50. Germany. September 21st. MORNING STAR. 482,041.-All goods in class 2 which includes chemical substances used for argicultural, horticultural, veterinary, and sanitary purposes. September 21st. GENERAL INDEX TO THE "CHEMICAL NEWS "-VOLS. 1 TO 100. This large volume contains a detailed Index to the first 100 volumes of the Chemical News, and will be found of great value to all interested in Chemical, Engineering, Electrical and General Scientific subjects. It has been compiled with great care, is handsomely bound in red cloth, and has been produced at great expenditure of time, labour and money. Carriage paid, Great Britain, 21/- net; Carriage paid to Foreign Countries and the Colonies, 23/ net. SOME ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT DAY INVESTIGATIONS OF PROF F. E. FRITSCH, D.Sc., PH.D., President of the Botany Section. (British Association for the Advancement of Science.-Leeds, 1927.) (Continued from Last Week.) Variation in number of cilia is also a feature in the Isokontae, where the dikontan and tetrakontan types are treaceable throughout the class, and quite recently a uniciliate member (Chloroceras) has been described by Schiller; this form is particularly interesting because occasional rare individuals show two cilia. Among the Polyblepharidaceae organisms are known with up to eight cilia which presumably result from multiplication. These facts demonstrate the risk of basing a separate class, Stephanokontae, on the occurrence in the Oedogoniales of swarmers with numerous cilia. Moreover, they show that, although cilial characters are of undoubted value in the distinction of the main classes of Algae, the point must not be stretched too far and must be supported by other features. The parallel development, evident in Isokontae, Heterokontae, and Chrysophyceae, is recognisable, though not quite so markedly,also in other classes of Protophyta. One further striking instance may be mentioned. The Peridinieae (Dinoflagellata) are a very distinct and rather specialised class of motile forms, abundant in freshwater and marine plankton, though on the whole more strongly represented in the sea. Their most striking characteristic lies in the division of the body of the cell into two usually slightly unequal, apical and antapical, halves by a transverse furrow harbouring one cilium, whilst the other trails out behind into the water. There are usually numerous discoid chromatophores which are commonly dark yellow or brown; a number of special pigments (peridinin, chlorophyllin, etc.) have been extracted from them. The reserves are stored as starch and oil. The nucleus is usually large and conspicuous, and shows either a granular structure or contains fine threads. numerous It was in 1912 that Klebs described a number of forms that were clearly algal and chlorococcoid members of this class. His Hypnodinium shows the derivation clearly; it consists of large motionless spherical cells provided with a firm membrane and possessed of the chromatophores and nuclei characteristic of the class. When reproduction takes place, the protoplast contracts somewhat and develops the distinctive furrows, but this is followed by division without resort to a motile phase. The two daughter-cells show no traces of furrows until a fresh division is initiated. In Phytodinium no such furrow-formation is observed,and with it the last indication of the motile phase has disappeared. It is of interest that, among these chlorococcoid Peridinieae, Klebs distinguished one tetrahedral form (Tetradinium) recalling in outward shape the genus Tetraëdron among the Isokantae and Pseudotetraëdron among the Heterokontae. In 1914 Pascher briefly described a slightly branched filamentous |