The iso-compounds differ from the simple ones owing to the fact that an atom of H(12.22) takes the place of atom of H(9.95); so that these molecules always have a relative volume greater by 2.27 than the simple ones. Iso-compounds are therefore put in the same form as the simple ones with the addition of 2.27, in order to demonstrate the regularity. The corresponding difference in M.R. is 0.1 (= 0.265 0.165), whilst in O.R. it is zero, i.e., there is no difference; in H.C. (gas) it is 659 (= 27853 27194), and in H.F. (gas) 659 ( 6527 - 7186).

=

The correspondence of the allyl group in R.V. and O.R. is shown in the following table.

R.V. O.R.

THE ACIDS, ALKALIES, SALTS AND COMPRESSED GASES INDUSTRY IN CANADA, 1926.

A substantial increase in the output of acids, alkalies, salts and compressed gases was recorded in 1926 when production for the industry reached a total value of $30,232,322, or 2.7 million dollars above the corresponding figure for 1925.

(a) Acids, Alkalies and Salts.-Output from the 19 plants in Canada producing acids, alkalies and salts as principal products in 1926 was valued at $27,809,835 and, as raw materials cost $12,924,539 delivered at the plant, the value added by manufacturing amounted to $14,885,297. Capital employed stood at $34,589,930 and employment was given to 2,040 people to whom $3,075,649 was paid in salaries and wages during the year.

Of the 19 plants in operation, 11 were in Ontario, 4 in Quebec, 3 in British Columbia, and 1 in Nova Scotia. Sulphuric acid was made in 8 different plants, nitric acid in 2 plants and hydrochloric acid in 2 plants;

+ CH2 + 16.42

+ 2(0.985) + 1,125 + 4.6135

+ (71515 32341) or 84672 calories are emitted.

Exactly the same thing occurs when N2O, aq. (No. 77) unites with a base and an extra atom of oxygen. This is the explanation of the frequent occurrence in nitrates of the additional 84672 calories in previous papers.

There are some other matters involved in the above Tables which cannot be discussed at present, such as the position of atoms or groups of atoms in the benzene nucleus.

In No. 83, 0.425 is the M.R. of 0(7.53) when it is doubly linked to the N-atom.

cyanamide, bleaching powder, sodium cyanide, acetaldehyde, glacial acetic acid, phosphorus, liquid chlorine, soda ash and caustic soda were each made by only 1 firm in Canada. Calcium carbide was made for sale in 2 plants and for intermediate use in one other establishment.

(b) Compressed Gases.-Production of compressed gases in 1926 totalled $2,422,486 in value as compared with $2,086,613 in 1925. Capital employed amounted to $3,799,733; employees numbered 360, and expenditures for salaries and wages totalled $521,824.

Of the 24 plants reporting, 11 were in Ontario, 5 in Quebec, 3 in Manitoba, 2 in Nova Scotia, 2 in British Columbia and 1 in Alberta. Three plants in Ontario producing hydrogen for their own use in the hydrogenation of oils have been included in this report for the first time. Acetylene was made in 11 different plants, carbon dioxide in 7 plants, oxygen in 12 plants, hydrogen in 3 plants, and aqua and anhydrous ammonia in 1 plant.

THE WATERS OF SOME CZECHO

SLOVAK HEALTH RESORTS. By J. G. F. DRUCE, M.Sc. (Lond.),

R.Nat.Dr. (Prague), F.I.C.

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Czecho-Slovakia possesses nearly 200 curative and thermal health resorts', ". Of these, Karlovy Vary (Karlsbad) and Marianské Lazne (Marienbad) and possibly one or two others are known all over the world. The others are, however, much frequented by the Czechs themselves and by people from neighbouring countries. Thus many Germans and Austrians annually visit Františkovy Lazne (Franzensbad) and Teplice-Sanov (Teplitz-Schonau) in North Bohemia and many Hungarians go to the Tatras and Slovakian resorts. Gradually these places will become more known, and it is therefore of interest to enquire into the nature of the waters from these numerous sources. It is noteworthy that the waters. from the resorts along the northern side of the republic, which are usually on the slope of the Ore Mountains, the Giant's Mountains, or the Tatras, have water that is radio-active and it often issues from the springs at considerable temperatures, e.g., the sprudel water at Karlsbad has a temperature of 72° C., and that issuing from the

springs of Trencianské Teplice in Slovakia is 42 C.

Karlsbad, perhaps the best known health resort in the world, attracting 60,000 visitors annually, Marienbad, Frantiskovy Lazne (Franzensbad), and Teplice are all in N.W. Bohemia. As already stated', the

V

Karlsbad sprudel waters rise to a height of about 100 feet. They contain sodium sulphate, bicarbonate and chloride, together with calcium and magnesium bicarbonates. Much gas accompanies this spring water and consists mainly of carbon dioxide (98 per cent.). Inert gases, including radium emanation, make up the bulk of the remaining 2 per cent. of other gases. During the summer months it is no uncommon sight to see thousands drinking the waters in the early morning.

The municipality adopts methods for extracting both crystals and anhydrous Sprudel salts, which are then exposed to the gases which have been removed during the evaporation. The salts thereby acquire a slight radio-activity. It has been calculated that the spring will yield nearly three million litres of waters containing 15,000 kilograms of dry salts daily.

Use is now (1927) being made of the enormous volumes of carbon dioxide, which had previously been allowed to escape. "Gas baths " are the vogue, having been advocated as long ago as 1913. Elaborate precautions are taken to ensure that the gas never rises beyond a certain height, and patients are strapped in chairs so that there is no possibility of their heads falling below the CO, level.

In the neighbourhood is Jáchymov (St. Joachimsthal), celebrated for its radium mines and which has now become a health resort. The treatments given here include mud and other warm baths and are efficacious in certain diseases.

Mattoni Water comes from a cold spring at Kysibl (Giesshübl), between Karlsbad and Jachymov. Similar table waters are bottled at Bilin and Krondorf.