Mr. Baxter under a Christmas-pye. Whether or no the pastry-cook had made use of it through chance or waggery, for the defence of that superstitious viande, I know not; but, upon the perusal of it, I conceived so good an idea of the author's piety, that I bought the whole book."- Spectator, No. 85.

P. 146, ll. 16, 17. pope's procession. "When the Duke of Marlborough was about to return to England, in November, 1711, a project was set on foot for giving him a grand reception on his arrival in London, and for enhancing the splendour of the usual Protestant demonstration on the 17th Nov. . . . There was to be a torchlight procession in which the effigies of the Pope, Nuns, Friars, the Pretender, etc., were to be carried through the streets, to be burnt on a bonfire. But the government received timely information, and . . . the project was nipped in the bud.” — ARNOLD. The Whigs, whose ministry had supported Marlborough, were the promoters of this plan; hence the question about Sir Andrew. notes to p. 23, 1. 18, and p. 129, l. 29. The regular Pope's procession, on Nov. 17-the anniversary of Queen Elizabeth's accession -was a popular expression of hatred towards the Catholic religion.

Cf.

P. 146, 1. 27. Baker's Chronicle. The Chronicle of the Kings of England from the time of the Romans' Government unto the death of King James, by Sir Richard Baker, who wrote it while confined in Fleet Street Prison for debt. It was published in 1691.

P. 147, 1. 2. Squire's. A coffee-house near Gray's Inn. It took its name from the proprietor, and was much patronized by men of law, particularly members of the Inn.

P. 147, 1. 9. the Supplement. A periodical of the time.
P. 148, 11. 2, 3. my paper. The Spectator, No. 26.

P. 148, ll. 2, 3. Westminster Abbey. Perhaps the most famous of the great churches of England. It contains the tombs of many of England's most famous men. In what is called the Poet's Corner, in the south transept, lie buried Chaucer, Spenser, Dryden, Garrick, Johnson, Dickens, Manning, Tennyson, and others of less note. Mr. Ashton says that for the country visitor to London in the eighteenth century, the three great sights were "the

lions at the Tower, the tombs in Westminster Abbey, and the poor mad folk in Bedlam." Cf. Irving's Sketch-Book.

P. 148, 1. 17. a glass of the widow Trueby's water. A preparation of what was called "strong water," or spirits.

P. 149, ll. 13, 14. the sickness being at Dantzick. This refers to a plague which visited Danzig, a town in North Germany, in 1709. Epidemics were common all over Europe at this time, one of the greatest scourges being the small-pox. .Cf. History of the Plague, De Foe.

P. 150, 1. 15. Sir Cloudesly Shovel. A famous English admiral, born of poor parents about 1650. He perished by shipwreck off the Scilly Isles in 1707. Four vessels of his squadron were destroyed, and nearly two thousand men drowned with him. "Sir Cloudesly Shovel's monument has very often given me great offence. Instead of the brave, rough English admiral, which was the distinguishing character of that plain, gallant man, he is represented on his tomb by the figure of a beau dressed in a long periwig, and reposing himself upon velvet cushions, under a canopy of state. The inscription is answerable to the monument; for, instead of celebrating the many remarkable actions he had performed in the service of his country, it acquaints us only with the manner of his death, in which it was impossible for him to reap any honour.". Spectator, No. 26.

P. 150, 1. 19. Dr. Busby. Richard Busby (1606-1695) was head-master of Westminster School from 1640 till the year of his death. He was a most successful teacher, and sent out many boys into the world who took high rank in the learned professions; but he is now chiefly remembered for his unsparing use of the birch. P. 150, 11. 22, 23. the little chapel on the right hand. St. Edmund's chapel, dedicated to a saint of that name who was Archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of Henry III.

P. 150, ll. 23, 24. our historian. Our guide. Just below he is dignified by the name of interpreter.

P. 150, 1. 28. Cecil. William Cecil, Lord Burghley (15201598), a great English statesman and "originator and director of that policy which made Elizabeth's reign memorable above that of any other English sovereign."

P. 150, 1. 30. that martyr to good housewifery. The figure here referred to is described in Murray's London as an "alabaster statue of Elizabeth Russell of the Bedford family, foolishly shown for many years as the lady who died by the prick of a needle." P. 151, 1. 9. Jacob's pillar. When Edward I. returned victorious from Scotland in 1296, he carried away with him from the Abbey of Scone the great stone on which the ancient Scottish kings had sat when crowned. It now forms the seat of Edward the Confessor's chair, and is used in the coronation of English sovereigns. It would seem from what follows that any one sitting in it was expected to pay a forfeit to the guide. The name is due to a myth that it was part of the rock on which Jacob slept at Bethel. P. 151, 1. 20. tobacco stopper. A plug of wood used for pressing down the burning tobacco in the bowl of a pipe.

P. 151, ll. 28, 29. the first who touched for the evil. Cf. Macbeth, IV., 3, 129-159. King's evil is the old name for scrofula. Johnson, as a child, was touched by Queen Anne, but ineffectually. The practice was then dying out, and was discontinued by Queen Anne's successor, George I.

P. 152, 1. 2. one of our English kings. Viz. Henry V.

P. 154, 1. 5. Lucian. Born in Syria about 125. Lucian settled in Athens and became one of the most graceful and amusing of Greek writers. The Dialogues of the Dead are his most famous works, and are full of wit and pointed satire.

P. 154, 1. 10. Elian. Claudius Ælianus, called the Sophist, taught rhetoric in Rome at the end of the second century A.D. P. 154, 1. 10. Zoilus. A Greek rhetorician of the third century B.C. From his bitter attacks on Homer he was surnamed Homeromastix, or Homer's scourge. This name has become proverbial, and stands for malignant criticism. In the Essay on Criticism, Pope writes:

"Nay, should great Homer lift his awful head,
Zoilus again would start up from the dead.
Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue;

But like a shadow, proves the substance true."

P. 154, 1. 31. pally in that part.

seem to have fixed the point of honour princi

"Suppliant the Goddess stood: One hand she plac'd
Beneath his beard, and one his knees embrac'd."
- POPE'S Iliad, I. 650, 651.

P. 155, 1. 2. Don Quevedo. Francisco Gomez de Quevedo Villegas (1580-1645), a voluminous Spanish writer of verse and prose. He is chiefly remembered by his Visions, which have much humorous and satiric power.

P. 155, 1. 17. Cardinal Pole, Bishop Gardiner. Reginald Pole (1500-1558), a prominent ecclesiastic under Henry VIII. and Queen Mary. Stephen Gardiner (1483-1555) became Bishop of Winchester in 1531.

P. 155, 1. 27. Hudibras. The hero of a famous satire of this name, written by Samuel Butler (1612–1680) and directed against the Puritans. Hudibras and his squire Ralph set out on an expedition against the follies and amusements of society. The poem was published in three parts, in 1663, 1664, and 1678, and enjoyed immense popularity.

P. 157, 1. 3. the new tragedy. This is The Distressed Mother, produced in 1712. It is an adaptation by Ambrose Phillips (1671-1749) of the Andromaque of the great French dramatist, Racine. See also The Spectator, Nos. 290 and 338.

P. 157, 11. 5, 6. The Committee. A comedy, written to ridicule the Puritans, by Sir Robert Howard (1626-1698), the brotherin-law of Dryden.

P. 157, 11. 14, 15. the Mohocks. The slang name of a club of rioters, who banded together "with the express object of subjecting defenceless passengers in the streets at night-time to terror and brutal usage."

Among contemporary references, Budgell, in The Spectator, No. 347, and Steele, No. 332, are particularly interesting. It must be remembered that the streets of London were at that time very poorly lighted. In 1708 glass lamps with oil burners had been

introduced; but, before that, lanterns hung before every tenth house had furnished the only illumination.

66

Prepare for death if here at night you roam,
And sign your will before you sup from home."

- JOHNSON'S London, 220, 221.

"Who has not heard the Scourerer's midnight fame?
Who has not trembled at the Mohock's name?
Was there a watchman took his hourly rounds
Safe from their blows, or new invented wounds?"
- GAY'S Trivia, Part III.

"Young Davenant was telling us at court how he was set upon by the Mohocks, and how they ran his chair through with a sword. It is not safe being in the streets at night for them. The Bishop of Salisbury's son is said to be of the gang. They are all Whigs; and a great lady sent to me, to speak to her father and to the LordTreasurer, to have a care of them, and to be careful likewise of myself; for she heard they had malicious intentions against the ministers and their friends." ... "Here is the devil and all to do with these Mohocks. Grub Street papers about them fly like lightning, and a list printed of near 80 put into several prisons, and all a lie; and I begin almost to think there is no truth, or very little, in the whole story."-SWIFT, Journal to Stella, March, 1711, 1712.

P. 158, 1. 25. the battle of Steenkirk. The battle took place in 1692, when William III., after surprising the French army, was defeated by Marshal Luxemburg.

P. 163, 1. 23. put, pronounced put = duffer in modern slang. P. 163, 1. 31. Lyon's-inn. One of the smaller law societies, called inns of chancery. Cf. note to p. 8, II. 25, 26.

P. 165, ll. 5, 6. a passage in the book I had considered last Saturday. On Saturdays, between January 5 and May 3, 1712, Addison wrote a series of essays in The Spectator on Paradise Lost. Book X. of that poem is referred to, which was analyzed in Spectator, No. 357.