CHEMICAL NEWS, Preparation of Ethyl Malonate and Ethyl Cyanoacetate Jan. 15, 1915 the corresponding cupric chloromercaptides; the latter, however, are not basic, and therefore do not combine with hydrogen chloride. It is found that the behaviour of monochloroacetic acid towards thiocarbamide (Trans., 1914, Cv., 2159) and other potential mercaptans is strictly conformable to that of platinic chloride. 302. "Conversion of 1-Phenylchloroacetic Acid into d-Diphenylsuccinic Acid," BY ALEX. MCKENZIE, Harry DUGALD KEITH DREW, and GERALD HARGrave Martin. The authors have examined the action of certain Grignard reagents on r- and l-phenylchloroacetic acids and on r-phenylbromoacetic acid. The following change amongst others has been effected : I-C6H5·CHCI CO2H → d 33 305. "Preparation of Ethyl Malonate and Ethyl Cyanoacetate." By HAROLD ARCHIBALD SCARBOROUGH. The following process for the preparation of ethyl Both the d- and l-as-dihydroxy-a83-triphenylethanes malonate gives a much better yield than that usually can be obtained from 7-mandelic acid, thus (by SOCIą) I-C6H5 CHCI CO2H (by C6H5 MgBr) 1-C6H5 CH(OH) C(C6H3)2 OH (by C6H5 MgBr) → d-C6H5 CH(OH)·C(C6H5)2'OH 303. "A Method of Separating the Dihydroxybenzenes." By THOMAS GRAY and GEORGE SHEVAS CRUIKSHANKS. Quinol di-p-nitrobenzoate is very sparingly soluble in acetone, whereas the corresponding derivative of resor. cinol dissolves relatively easily. This property, in conjunction with the sparing solubility of the lead salt of catechol in water, supplies a method for the separation of the three dihydroxybenzenes. The mixed phenols are dissolved in a small quantity of water, an excess of an aqueous solution of lead acetate is added, and the lead salt of catechol collected. The filtrate is acidified with sulphuric acid, extracted with ether, and the phenols are recovered by evaporating the dried ethereal solution. The residual phenols, consisting stantially of resorcinol and quinol, are then converted into di-p-nitrobenzoates, and the latter are separated by crystallisation from acetone. The phenols may be regenerated from the nitrobenzoates by saponification with alcoholic potassium hydroxide in an atmosphere of hydrogen or nitrogen, and subsequent acidification, recommended. In a 1500 cc. flask chloroacetic acid (100 grms.) dissolved in water (200 cc.) is warmed to 50°, neutralised with sodium carbonate, the solution filtered, and then potassium cyanide (80 grms.) is slowly added, the mixture being cooled from time to time so that the reaction does not become violent. After heating on the water-bath for half-an-hour the flask is connected with a condenser and receiver, and the latter with the pump, and heated on the water-bath under diminished pressure until the whole of the water has been removed and the mass is quite dry. (This is much better than the usual method of removing the water by heating finally at 135°, which always causes decomposition and loss). The almost colourless residue is gradually mixed with a cooled solution of alcohol (200 cc.) and sulphuric acid (160 cc.), and heated on the water-bath for four hours with frequent shaking. Water is then added, the ethyl malonate extracted with ether, the ethereal solution well washed with water and sodium carbonate, dried, the ether distilled off, and the ethyl malonate fractionated under a pressure of 100 mm., and then under ordinary sub-conditions. The yield of the ester boiling at 196-200° is 104 grms., or 60 per cent of that theoretically possible. Preparation of Ethyl Cyanoacetate.-This ester may be readily prepared by a modification of the process recommended by Kolbe and Hugo Müller (Annalen, 1864, cxxxi., 348, 350). Ethyl chloroacetate (100 grms.) dissolved in alcohol (100 cc. of 97 per cent) is mixed with finely powdered potassium cyanide (55 grms.), gradually warmed, and then left until the vigorous reaction has subsided. The mass is then heated to boiling for fifteen minutes, the potassium chloride removed by filtration, and the alcohol removed from the crimson solution by distillation under diminished pressure. The residue is mixed with ether, the ethereal solution filtered, and, after removal of the ether on the water-bath, the crude product is distilled as rapidly as possible under diminished pressure, and then fractionated under ordinary conditions. The yield of ethyl cyanoacetate boiling at 205-208° is about 45 per cent of that theoretically possible. Catechol di-p-nitrobenzoate, C20H12O8N2, crystallises from acetone in long, hair-like needles, melting at 164°. One grm. dissolves in 450 cc. of boiling alcohol and in 20 cc. of boiling acetone. Resorcinol di-p-nitrobenzoate forms long, hair-like needles, melting at 182°. One grm. dissolves in 1000 c.c. of boiling alcohol and in 45 cc. of boiling acetone. Quinol di-p-nitrobenzoate forms needle-shaped crystals or hexagonal plates, melting at 256°. One grm. dissolves in 8000 cc. of boiling alcohol and in 420 cc. of boiling acetone. 304. "a-Hydroxy-B-Phenylcrotonolactone." By NORMAN HALL, JAMES EDWARD HYNES, and ARTHUR LAPWORTH. When an attempt was made to eliminate the oximinogroup from a-oximino-3-phenylpropionic acid by heating the latter with formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid, the product obtained was not the expected phenylpyruvic acid, C,H8O3, but a compound having the formula CroH8O3, derived from phenylpyruvic acid in the following manner-C9H8O3 + CH2O=C10H8O3 + H2O. The new compound is soluble in aqueous sodium carbonate, but is precipitated from the solution by excess of carbon dioxide. It gives an intense green coloration in alcoholic solution with ferric chloride, and, in the same solvent, it instantaneously absorbs at least o'g mol. of bromine in the cold. When oxidised with hydrogen peroxide it yields benzoylcarbinol and oxalic acid, whilst on distillation it gives atropic acid and an oil which is probably styrene. 306. "Investigations on the Dependence of Rotatory Power on Chemical Constitution. Part XII. The Rotatory Powers of some Esters of Benzoic and of 1 and 2Naphthoic Acids with Optically Active Secondary Alcohols." By JOSEPH KENYON and ROBERT HOWSON PICKARD. A description of the properties of some of the benzoatesand 1 and 2-naphthoates of d-3-butanol, d-3-hexanol, d-8heptanol, d-B-octanol, d-3-decanol, d-B-undecanol, d-y nonanol, and d-benzylmethylcarbinol was given. The optical rotatory dispersive powers of the benzoates are simple at low temperatures and complex at higher temperatures, as has been found also in the case of the corresponding aliphatic esters. On the other hand, the dispersive powers of the naphthoates are complex at low and also at high temperatures in agreement with the hypothesis pre 34 Preparation of Nitrates from Air. viously put forward that the naphthyl radicle and an esterified carboxylic group are each possible centres of a special kind of dynamic isomerism at low and high temperatures respectively. 307. The Optical Rotatory Power of Derivatives of Succinic Acid in Aqueous Solutions of Inorganic Salts." (Part II.). By GEORGE WILLIAM CLOUGH. i CHEM CAL NEWS, Kilburn Scott Experimental Furnace.-The three electrodes of the furnace are attached to insulators spaced 120° apart. They are of steel rodin. diameter, and the inclined sides are bent at about 30° from the vertical line. The bottom ends of the main electrodes are set so as to The rods pass through holes in the wall of the furnace. allow the air to pass freely, and they do not require any adjustment because the pilot sparks always make a path for the main current to get across. The operation of starting up the furnace is very simple. First turn on the air blast, then close the isolating switch so as to make the electrodes alive, and finally close the tumbler switch of the corded in Part I. (Trans., 1914, Cv., 49), indicate that high-frequency set. Directly this is done the sparks jump from the wire to the electrodes, and the three-phase arc sodium and barium haloids in aqueous solution exert a specific effect on the rotatory power of those hydroxy-roof) is a boiler with vertical copper tubes for the gases to flames are started. The top of the furnace (in fact the The rotatory powers of methyl hydrogen d-tartrate, sodium hydrogen d-tartrate, methyl l-malate, and l-malic acid have been measured in aqueous solution and in aqueous sodium chloride at various temperatures. The results of these measurements, together with those re derivatives of succinic acid which contain a carboxyl or carbalkyloxy-(ester) group, this effect being usually opposite to that caused by dilution. 308. "2:4-Dichlorophenylhydrazine." By FREDERICK DANIEL CHATTAWAY and CHARLES FREDERICK BYRDE PEARCE. From the circumstance that 2: 4-dichlorophenylhydrazine, which should be obtainable from perhaps the most easily made chloro-substituted aniline, has never been described, it might be inferred that its preparation offers some difficulty. This, however, is not the case; it is easily obtained by the ordinary method, and is a stable, well-crystallised compound showing the usual behaviour of halogen substituted aromatic hydrazines, and yielding a series of well-crystallised hydrazides and hydrazones. SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY. (LONDON SECTION). Ordinary Meeting, January 4, 1915. Prof. W. R. HODGKINSON in the Chair. THE following paper was read and discussed :"Production of Nitrates from Air, with Special Reference to a New Electric Furnace." By E. KILBURN SCOTT, A.M. Inst.C.E., M.I.E.E. This war has emphasised the immense importance of starting the manufacture in this country of nitrates from the atmosphere by electric power. Our enemies have taken care to make themselves independent of Chilean nitrate, for they have several factories producing nitrates from the air. For several years I have been at work on the problem of evolving a new furnace to work with three-phase alternating current and a system of working a complete plant, with a view to obtaining better yields than are obtained by the present single-phase furnace plants abroad. The principal points to be met in the design of a furnace are: (1) To ensure that as much of the air as possible is brought into contact with the arc flames. pass through. The position of the boiler can be adjusted vertically to obtain the best cooling effect. It is of course connected to earth. As the peak of the arc flame is the neutral point of the three-phase supply it does not matter if it strikes on to the bottom of the boiler. As a matter of fact during the experiments I have frequently placed the boiler so low as to cut off a considerable portion of the upper zone of flame. Summary of Advantages of Kilburn Scott Furnace.The following may be said to be the special features which distinguish my furnace from those used in Norway and elsewhere. It is essentially a three-phase furnace using the electric energy exactly as generated, and giving three arc flames within one furnace wall. Also for a given periodicity of supply, thrice as many arcs in a given time as would be the case with single-phase. The three-phases give a combined flame of conical shape which is hotter than if the same energy were expended in three separate furnaces, because the latter have only a single flat flame and the radiation losses are much greater. The greater bulk of the three-phase flame also enables more air to come into contact. As compared with three singlephase furnaces, the first cost, the attendance cost, and the maintenance cost are all lower. The space occupied is also much less and there is less brickwork, ironwork, foundations, piping, &c. There are only three electrodes as compared with six for three single-phase furnaces, and this considerably simplifies the electrical and water connections and the renewing of electrodes, &c. Three arcs together help to maintain each other because current is always flowing in one or other of the phases. Thus continuity of working is assured and the load is always balanced. When current is purchased from a power station these are most important matters. By breaking down the air dielectrie with high frequency pilot sparks, the arcs start directly the zero points of the alternating current waves are crossed, and this improves the efficiency and power factor. There are no kindling knives to burn away and get in the way of the air supply. The electrodes can be placed at the most suitable distance for the air supply, and do not require any adjustment whatever. The control of a large furnace can be effected by a small tumbler switch on the high-frequency apparatus. The forming the roof of the furnace cools the fixed gas most effectively because of the latent heat of steam, and at the same time the steam so raised can be used to generate electric energy so that the combination can work regeneratively. For a given amount of electric energy the yield of gas may thus be considerably increased. (2) To draw off the cool and fixed gas quickly. (4) To provide automatic regulation of current and con- The author then proceeded to describe and criticise the Birkeland-Eyde, a magnetically-blown Arc Furnace; the Schonherr-Hessberger, a long-standing Arc Furnace; and the Pauling, an air-blown Arc Furnace. Importance of Working Three-phase.-Considering the universality of three-phase apparatus, it is rather sur prising that those interested in nitrogen fixation factories abroad should have kept to single-phase designs. When starting to develop a new design of nitrogen fixation furnace, I decided that the proper thing to do was to choose such a method of producing the arc flames that the furnace could be constructed as a self-contained threephase unit. The concentration of nitric oxide has the highest value at each temperature when the product of oxygen and nitrogen is a maximum. It can be shown that it is directly proportional to the square root of the product thus-Oxygen and nitrogen as in air =0·21×0.79=0.16. Equal parts oxygen and nitrogen o'5 x 0.5=0.25. Then as 25 5 √25 The increased yield is, therefore, as 4 is to 5, or 20 per cent. CHEMICAL NEWS, Jan. 15, 1915 National Dye Industry. 35 Since the Notodden factory was first started the per- | market, are first treated, and many statistics are given. centage concentration of nitric oxide has been double, merely by making small modifications in furnace construction and adjusting the air supply and the electric current. Yet the percentage is still under 20 per cent. The fact that it is so much lower than the theoretically possible is really a most promising feature of the direct method, because it indicates the great scope there is for improvement. A process that is highly efficient from the start is a very tame proposition. Gain by regenerative working: Theoretically the energy saved by using steam from the boiler to generate electricity is about 15 per cent. Gain by oxygenated air: By blowing through the furnace equal parts of oxygen and nitrogen instead of 21 and 79 parts, as they exist in ordinary air, the yield is increased in the ratio of 4 to 5, or by 20 per cent. Gain by increased temperature: The yield increases from 819 to 1850 kg. per k.w. year, or 225 per cent, when the temperature of the arc flames is increased from 3200° C. to 4200° C., or only 30 per cent. I claim that a combined three phase arc flame is hotter and acts on more of the air than three single-phase flames each in separate furnaces, and that taken in conjunction with the other features of the design detailed above, including the effective cooling by a boiler, using the steam so raised regeneratively, and also blowing oxygenated air through the furnace, a yield considerably in excess of that obtained in Norway is possible. Manufacture.-When considering manufacturing, one naturally thinks first of water power. It is true that such powers as we have are not large, but the assumption that they are not worth harnessing, or if developed electric products cannot be made profitable, is quite untrue. The success of the aluminium works in North Wales and Scotland is evidence of that. No doubt in the future nitrates will be made by electric energy from a water power, but it is not necessary to wait for that. Even if Norway could compete, the establishment of factories in this country to make nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, and sodium nitrate from the air is a national duty. They are urgently wanted for explosives and for the aniline dye industry. Model furnaces were shown at work and the paper was illustrated with lantern slides and diagrams. NOTICES OF BOOKS. Technical Methods of Chemical Analysis. Edited by GEORGE LUNGE, Ph.D., Dr. Ing. English Translation edited by CHARLES ALEXANDER KEANE, D.Sc., Ph.D. Volume III., Part II. London: Gurney and Jackson. 1914. THE second part of Volume III. of Lunge's compendious work on technical analysis deals with sugar, starch, alcoholic liquors, paper, textile fibres, and inorganic colours. In the section on sugar many additions have been made to the descriptions of the technical analysis of the sugar beet and its products, and those who are in terested in the project of the establishment of a British sugar industry will find much valuable information in it. The section on brewing materials and beer has been entirely re-written for the English edition by Messrs. Arthur R. Ling and G. Cecil Jones, and that on inorganic colours, and in fact the whole of the text, has been very thoroughly revised by some of the best known British experts. Food Products. By HENRY C. SHERMAN, Ph.D. New York: The Macmillan Co. 1914. In this book succinct accounts are given of the composition and food value of the more important classes of foods. The production of each article of food in the United States and elsewhere, and their preparation for Then the composition and nutritive value are described, and very interesting discussions of the place of each substance in the diet follow. The advice given by the author as to choice of foods, quantities, &c., is based upon sound economic considerations and will be very useful to all who are interested in catering. Copious tables of analysis are included, and much attention is paid to legislation applied to foods, which, although relating chiefly to America, is by no means devoid of interest for English readers. London University Guide and University Correspondence College Calendar, 1915. THIS guide, which is issued gratis by the University Correspondence College, gives full information relating to the regulations of the examinations of the University to be held in 1915 and 1916, and to the classes of the college. An interesting account is included of the history and constitution of the University, and sound advice is given as to the choice of text-books for the more important examinations. CORRESPONDENCE. NATIONAL DYE INDUSTRY. To the Editor of the Chemical News. SIR,-I have read with very great interest the letter published in to-day's Press by Mr. C. Diamond on the National Dye Scheme. The impression that is left on one's mind after reading the letter, and I do not wish to be unfair to Mr. Diamond, is that the hard-headed business men of Lancashire and Yorkshire are wiser than Mr. Diamond. The Government Scheme is a palliative, and only forms a part of a very much larger issue. Apart from this consideration it is a most unsound proposal financially. Business men and the public are asked to subscribe £3,000,000 to establish a National Dye Industry, and the Government will find £1,500,000 on the security of the £3,000,000. There is some wiseacre at the Treasury who knows something. Had the proposition been attractive and had the proper working conditions been there, it would surely have been accomplished long before the declaration of War, but the position of the dye and allied industries is no better off to-day than it was nine months ago. The whole problem forms part of a very much larger issue. The working conditions which at present surround the whole of our national industries must be considered in their entirety. At the conclusion of the War we can safely assume that if the working conditions are the same in this country as existed prior to the declaration of War, the German chemical industry will resume the campaign with increased vigour, and should that event happen those who find the three million pounds to establish a National Dye Industry in this country, would realise that what they may now look upon as an investment is in reality a speculation. The cost of production of articles of utility are continuously on the decrease and never on the increase, even in countries having a protective tariff, and for Mr. Diamond to make the statement that the cost of dues would be increased to the consumer by the extent of a tariff is to weaken his case. If he had stated that, if a tariff were placed on the raw or natural materials, the consumer of the raw or natural materials would have to pay the tariff, business men would agree with him; but to say that a tariff, if imposed on a manufactured article, would be paid by the consumer is to state a proposition which is not correct. However, history has a good deal to teach us as to the manner in which we have arrived at our present position, and if any fault is to be found on the historical side it is to be found in the fact that the study of the Science of Production has been left too long with those who are largely engaged in the development of political constitutions. The leading in. dustrialists of to-day are, however, owing to the advance of Science and Education, in a much better position to state precisely the requisite working conditions that are required to produce articles of utility at the lowest possible cost, and incidentally to procure the maximum production of wealth from industry. The difficulties surrounding the dye industry at the present moment form part of a very much larger issue, which is now being dealt with by the Institute of Industry and Commerce. MISCELLANEOUS. CHEMICAL NEWS Jan. 15, 1915 Literary Intelligence.-As usual, the new issue of the British Pharmacopoeia will be accompanied by the publication of several books which are based upon and supplement the information contained in the official work. In this connection we draw attention to Messrs. J. and A. Medica," 14th Churchill's announcements :-" Materia edition, by Dr. W. Hale White, Physician to Guy's Hospital; "The Book of Prescriptions," 10th edition, by Mr. E. W. Lucas, a member of the B.P. Reference Committee; "The Book of Pharmacopoeias," by Mr. E. W. Lucas and Mr. H. B. Stevens. This is a new book, containing about 5000 formulæ, British and foreign, arranged on a comparative system. MEETINGS FOR THE WEEK. The substantial trade and other interests represented by the Institute do not look with favour on the present Government scheme, and consider it very unsound in all its essentials; they, therefore, recommend that, pending the final settlement of the whole of the working conditions which are essential to safeguard our national industries MONDAY, 18th.-Royal Society of Arts, 8. (Cantor Lecture). "Oils, at the conclusion of the War, that no partial settlement of the kind suggested by the Government in the dye industry should be accepted. This is not recommended in any spirit of hostility to the Government; on the contrary, it is recommended in the best interests of British industries as a whole. -I am, &c., Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences. Vol. clix., No. 23, December 7, 1914. Electrolytic Dissociation of Acetylene and its Metallic Derivatives.-M. Skossarewsky.-The elecits monotrolytic dissociation of acetylene and of sodium derivative in solution in liquid ammonia is shown by determinations of conductivity. The dissociation of acetylene increases with the dilution of the solution. The thermic coefficient of the specific conductivity is equal to about 2 per cent per degree, and is almost independent of the concentration. When the mono-sodium derivative of acetylene is electrolysed complex products are obtained, which the author intends to investigate. Molecular Transposition in the Cyclohexane Series: Passage to the Cyclopentane Series.-M. Tiffeneau. When the iodohydrine of cyclohexane diol is subjected to the action of silver nitrate, cyclopentane carbonic aldehyde is obtained. HI is first eliminated, the cyclic chain opens and then closes on a new carbon, and thus the passage from cyclohexane to pentane is effected. The iodohydrine derived from cyclopentene is transformed by silver nitrate into the corresponding ethylene oxide, no aldehyde being formed. Molecular Transposition in the Phenyl Cyclohexane Series: Phenyl Migration without Formation of Cyclopentane.-Marcel le Brazidec.-In the phenylcyclohexane series the elimination of HI in the iodohydrines of the glycols, effected by the action of silver nitrate, produces only one break between carbons, and the phenyl group migrates from the para- to the meta-position. Thus a true molecular transposition takes place. The Sir John Cass Technical Institute.-The Annual Distribution of Prizes and the opening of the new Metallurgical Laboratory by Sir Robert Mowbray, Bart., the Prime Warden of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, arranged for Wednesday, January 13, has been postponed owing to the death of Sir Owen Roberts, the Chairman of the Governing Body of the Institute. their Production and Manufacture," by Dr. F. Mollwo Perkin. "Muscle in the Service of TUESDAY, 19th.-Royal Institution, 3 Nerve," by Prof. C. S. Sherrington, F.R.S. WEDNESDAY, 20th.-Royal Society of Arts, 8. "The Textile Industries of Great Britain and Germany," by J. A. Hunter. THURSDAY, 21st.-Royal Institution, 3. "Modern Theories and Methods in Medicine," by H. G. Plimmer, F.R.S. Royal Society of Arts, 4.30. "Nepal," by H. J. Elwes, F.R.S. "The Institute of Petroleum Technologists, 8. Prospective Oilfields of Western Canada," by E. H. Cunningham Craig. Royal Society."Atmospheric Electricity Potential Gradient at Kew Observatory, 1898-1912," by C. Chree. "Transmission of Electric Waves over the Surface of the Earth," by A. E. H. Love. "Electromagnetic Waves in a Perfectly Con Silberstein. ducting Tube," by L. Electrically-heated Full Radiator," by H. B. Keene. "An Chemical, 8.30. "Guanidine-Part II, Copper FRIDAY, 22nd.-Royal Institution, 9. "Problems of Hydrogen and the SATURDAY, 23rd.-Royal Institution, 3. "Aerial Navigation-Scientific Principles," by R. T. Glazebrook, C.B., F.R.S., &c. THE FEB-41315 CHEMICAL NEWS AND JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE Edited by Sir Wm. Crookes, O.M., Pres.R.S.] (WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE "CHEMICAL GAZETTE"). Established [Sixty-nine years. Published Weekly. Annual Subscription free by post £ Entered at the New York Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter. Vol. 111.-No. 2878. [Copyright Friday, January 22, 1915 V MEETINGS FOR THE WEEK......... CAPPER PASS & SON, LIM. BRISTOL, are Buyers of LEAD ASHES, SULPHATE OF LEAD, LEAD SLAGS, ANTIMONIAL LEAD COPPER MATTE, TIN ASHES, &c., ORES, DROSS, or RESIDUES containing TIN, COPPER, LEAD, and ANTIMONY. A vacancy occurs for a Pupil or Apprentice in a Gold and Silver Refinery and Assay office. Excellent Opportunity for intelligent youth desirous to take up Mining and Metallurgy. Salary paid. Moderate premium.-Address, "R. 32," CHEMICAL NEWS Office, 16, Newcastle Street, Farringdon Street, London, E.C. A Belgian Refugee Engineer, Manager of a Chemical Works, seeks Employment during the War.-Address, FERNT LEROY, 6, Central Hill, Upper Norwood. Belgian Analytical Chemist, with skilled know ledge of Food Manufacture and Analysis, seeks Employment. Would prefer situation with those manufacturers who would possibly open a branch in Belgium after the War.-Address, "Belgian," care of Mr. Allen, 7, Oriental Street, Poplar, E. First-class Cement Chemist for India wanted. Must have had at least five years' practical experience, be physically fit, resourceful, energetic; unmarried preferred.-Write, "Indian Cement," care of Street's, 30, Cornhill, London, E.C. Registered as PRICE 44. H. K. LEWIS, BOOKSELLER. SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL. ORDERS by POST or TELEPHONE Wan in Wanted at once for this College, a JUNIOR Chemical and Physical Laboratories and to prepare for Classes. Salary 205. to 30s. per week, according to experience. ALFRED JÖRGENSEN LABORATORY FOR THE PHYSIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF FERMENTATION. 30, FRYDENDAL SYEJ, COPENHAGEN, Y., DENMARK. STUDENTS' SECTION.-For Beginners and Advanced Students with Practical (Brewers, Distillers, &c.) or Scientific purposes in view. ANALYTICAL AND PURE CULTURE SECTION.-All kinds of Research Work. Pure Cultures: Brewers', Distillers', Air, Vienna, Wine Yeast, &c.; Lactic and Acetic Ferments, Starters (for Dairies,, &c. NEW METHODS for DISTILLERIES and YEAST FACTORIES. -Increased yields. Yeast of better keeping properties. Prospectus and further particulars on application to DIRECTOR. Young, capable Russian Chemist, University T. TYRER & CO. Ltd Stirling Chemical Works, training, speaking English and fluent French, desires a Situation in Chemical Factory or Laboratory. Small salary to commence.Address; P., 24, Aberdeen Road, Highbury, N. OZONE APPARATUS for the LABORATORY. 12 Page Illustrated Pamphlet, fully describing various forms of Apparatus and method of using them, Post Free to Readers of the "Chemical News." OZONAIR, Ltd. 96, VICTORIA STREET, WESTMINSTER, LONDON, S.W. STRATFORD, LONDON, E OHEMICALS for Analysis, Research, and Technical purposes. TECHNICAL EXPERIMENTS carried out on a MANUFACTURING SCALE. Inqui ies solicited from INVENTORS and PATENTEES (especially Foreign) under the New Act, 1906. CHEMICAL APPARATUS AND REAGENTS. Pure Chemicals for Research Work. JOHN J. CRIFFIN & SONS, LTD. KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C. |