Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology

activity areas asthenosphere atoms basaltic base level basins boundary called Canyon carbon caused channel chapter chemical weathering climate common composition cone contain continental core crater crystals debris deformed deposits depth desert E. J. Tarbuck Earth earthquake electrons environment eroded erosion eruption example fault feldspar Figure flood flow formation fossil fracture gases geologic time scale geologists glacial glaciers granite groundwater ice sheets igneous rocks ions island kilometers lake lava layers limestone lithosphere located mantle mass wasting material melting metamorphic rocks meters million moraine mountain move movement occur oceanic crust particles percent Photo by E. J. planet plate tectonics pressure processes produced quartz radiometric dating regions relatively result ridge River sand sandstone sea level seafloor seafloor spreading sediment sedimentary rocks seismic shale silicate minerals slope soil strata stream structure subduction surface temperature texture thick tion U.S. Geological Survey valley velocity volcanic water table waves wind zone