to Bethlehem, and there, in seclusion, devoted himself to
the translation of the Scriptures, his version being the
foundation of the Vulgate. He died at the age of 78,

A.D. 420.

Some expressions respecting the Eucharist liable to be
misunderstood

354.

AUGUSTINE. The brilliant scholar of Carthage, born A.D.
Reclaimed from his wayward courses by the
prayers of his mother, Monica, who lived to see him
baptized at the age of 33 by Ambrose, Bishop of Milan.
Became Bishop of Hippo, near Carthage, A.D. 395.—
Died A.D. 430.
The most voluminous and perhaps the
greatest of the Church's Writers.

PAGES

347

THEODORET.-A native of Antioch, and Bishop of Cyrus in
Syria; wrote against Nestorianism, and died A.D. 457.
On the Eucharist

JOHN DAMASCENUS. -The last of the Greek Fathers in the middle of the eighth century. He shared the superstitions of the age in which he lived, and was chiefly known to his contemporaries for his zealous defence of images against the Emperor Leo's iconoclasm. Valued for the great clearness and precision of his doctrinal language in his work de fide orthodoxå.

343

314-319

His doctrine of the Holy Spirit's Procession. ANSELM.-The last of the Latin Fathers. Born at Aoste, in Piedmont, A.D. 1033. Brought over from his monastery of Bec, in Normandy, and forced to be Archbishop of Canterbury. Resolute in maintaining the Church's independence against William II. and Henry I.-Died A. D. 1109. His à priori argument for the Existence of God

250

His great work on the Atonement, Cur Deus Homo 305,310

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

ABSOLUTION, see "KEYS."

ADAM, the whole race summed up in Christ as the Second

Adam
APOLLINARIAN HERESY, that our Lord had no human mind

or anima rationalis, the Logos supplying its place
ARIAN HERESY, that Christ was a Divine Being, but created,
refuted by Athanasius

ATHANASIAN CREED, its doctrine of the Trinity

Its date A. D. 420-431, according to Waterland
Text in Latin

ATONEMENT, Christ's Death expiated man's sin, thereby reconciling him to God, and redeeming him from the Evil One

Summary of teaching of Scripture

See also under SATISFACTION, for modern views.

PAGES

58-61

36

31, 32

34

256

257

. 40-69 236-338

BAPTISM: the Sacrament wherein we are admitted into the

Christian Covenant. The outward sign is water with
words ordained by Christ; the inward and spiritual gift
is regeneration (see REGENERATION). To the Covenant
there are two sides :—on our side certain responsibilities;
on God's side, remission of the displeasure under which,
as children of a fallen race, we are born, and admission
to the sanctifying influences of the Holy Spirit. (See
ORIGINAL SIN) .

CALVINISTIC Theory of the Atonement, that Christ suffered

punishment as our substitute, open to grave objections

123-127

47-49

CHRIST, the doctrine of His Person

The doctrine of His death

His character and His teaching alike imply a con-
sciousness of Divinity

CHURCH, a divinely-instituted Society, maintaining its con-
tinuity by unity of doctrine, and by the due administra-
tion of the Sacraments

Notes of the Church: One and the same Lord, one and the same Creed; the same two Sacraments; Discipline, and a continuous Ministry

PAGES

20

40

24-28

98

98

100, 101

The Discipline and Ritual need not be uniform, nor need the Ministerial Orders, so long as the commission is continuously transmitted; Episcopacy proved by experience to be the best safeguard for this continuity COMMUNICATION OF PROPERTIES (communicatio idiomatum), a mode of speech in Theology whereby properties of one of Christ's natures are predicated of the other (as "they crucified the Lord of Glory" 1 Cor. ii. 8); called also Tεpixúρnois, i.e. a circulatory mode of speech COMMUNION OF SAINTS specially realised in the Eucharist CONSCIENCE, argument for God's existence from our instinctive sense of responsibility

COUNCILS, the doctrine of the Trinity and Incarnation as set forth in the first four General Councils-Nicæa, A.D. 325, to refute Arians; Constantinople, A.D. 381, to refute Macedonians and Apollinarians; Ephesus, A.D. 431, to refute Nestorians; Chalcedon, A.D. 451, to refute Eutychians

CREED, as given by Irenæus about the year 180

As given in sermon ascribed to Augustine

DEATH—separation of soul and body; used also in Scripture
for the separation of the spiritual and carnal elements
within us.
When a man ceases to be spiritual, and be-
comes altogether carnal, he dies unto God (eternal death);
when he ceases to be carnal, and becomes altogether
spiritual, he dies unto Sin (expiatory)

264

144

133

37-39 321

255

53

PAGES

Christ's death a dying unto sin, that we might live unto

God (Rom. vi. 10)

EUTYCHIAN HERESY, that our Lord's human nature was so

deified as to be human no longer

(See DEATH,

56

36

54, 224, 231

EXPIATION, a death unto sin which shall satisfy the law of
holiness. The Sin-offerings were not a true Expiation,
but only a confession of the need of it.
PROPITIATION).
FILIOQUE: the addition of this word to the Constantinopoli-
tan Creed by the Spanish and Gallican Churches,—s
-sanc-
tioned by a Provincial Council at Toledo A.D. 589, in
accordance with St. Augustine's doctrine (De Trin. iv.
20, and xv. 26), but without the authority of any
Ecumenical Council,- -was the ostensible cause which
led to the breach between the Eastern and Western
Churches, and their excommunication of each other in
A.D. 1053; the real cause being their struggle for supre-
macy. (See PROCESSION)

GOD, arguments to prove His existence :

1. A priori argument, from first principles of reason
2. A posteriori argument from observation of design in

nature

3. Moral argument from conscience

4. Spiritual evidence, from experience of communion, the
strongest of all

GRACE: the word is used in two senses, sometimes for the
favour (xápis) which bestows, sometimes for the gift
(xápio ua) bestowed. It is used in the latter sense in the
definition of a Sacrament. For the particular gift be-
stowed in each Sacrament, see under BAPTISM and
LORD'S SUPPER

HOLY GHOST. The doctrine of His Personality and Individuality

(See PROCESSION, FILIOQUE.)

IMPUTATION of our sin to Christ and of His righteousness

79, 318

PAGES

to us, a doctrine required by the Calvinistic theory of Atonement, but unknown to the Fathers, and (as Bishop Bull has shown) devoid of Scriptural authority 48, 192, 230, 310 INCARNATION: the doctrine of our Lord's two distinct

INFANT BAPTISM, a Covenant, inasmuch as those same obligations which an adult Catechumen takes on himself, are in the case of an infant put on him by others INSPIRATION : certain men in the Apostolic age, and previously from time to time, were specially gifted to become organs of the Holy Spirit,—their natural faculties being quickened and illumined, but not superseded

Reasons for believing that the books of both Old and
New Testaments were written by men so gifted

JUSTIFICATION, restoration of a right relation (dikαioσúvŋ) between God and man; effected once for all potentially by Christ, and appropriated individually by Faith or by a promise of Faith in Baptism

66

35

125

81

82-87

64, 297

KEYS: the power of the Keys called in Scripture a binding and loosing," called also "a remitting and retaining of sin," meaning authority to admit into communion and to exclude therefrom. Considering that "in Communion with the Church" means "in Covenant with God," this responsibility would be more than any ministry could undertake without a Divine commission

106-114

LORD'S SUPPER: a Sacrament in which the outward sign is bread and wine, taken (from the priest) and received bodily; and the inward gift, the Body and Blood of Christ, taken (from Christ) and received "after an heavenly and spiritual manner.” The faithful partake of the latter as really as they do of the former; the outward thing being to them a Divine pledge that Christ is there and then giving them the inward

128-347

The inward feeding (promised in John vi.) is such a participation in the sacrifice of Christ as makes us partakers of His quickening Spirit.

130-132