(2.) By resisting, even unto death, the Evil One; thereby destroying the ascendency which man's Fall had given him over the race :

(3.) By pouring forth His soul in death, that so it might become communicable (as a new principle of life) to all who would receive it.

In what sense was Christ's death vicarious? It was vicarious, inasmuch as He who in His own person had no need to die unto sin, died unto sin as Head of a race that needed so to die.

Thus all who are in Christ have in Him their death unto sin and their new birth unto holiness. And the Gospel is, to all who believe, not merely a doctrine, but a power of God unto salvation.”

66

TABULAR VIEW of the SCRIPTURES explained or quoted in PART II., in illustration of the Doctrine of Redemption.

APPENDIX,

ILLUSTRATIONS OF PART I. FROM THE

EARLY FATHERS.

CHAPTER I.

Of the three arguments for the existence of God mentioned in this chapter-the à priori argument, the argument from Nature, and the argument from Conscience—the Fathers of the Church insist chiefly on the two latter, while the Scholastic Divines of the middle ages lay most stress on the first.

I. The following appeal to Natural Theology in Clemens Romanus' Epistle to the Corinthians is an eloquent commentary on St. Paul's text that “The invisible things of God from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead." (Rom. i. 20).

It is interesting to mark how the Revelation of God's Personality in Christ quickened the interest and delight of the early Christians in the study of nature. Clement is showing (c. xx.) how the mind of God may be read in Nature:

Οἱ οὐρανοὶ τῇ διοικήσει αὐτοῦ The Heavens, by His ordiσαλευόμενοι ἐν εἰρήνῃ ὑποτάσσονται nance, in their peaceful motion αὐτῷ· ἡμέρα τε καὶ νὺξ τὸν τεταγ- are subject unto Him. Day and μένον ὑπ ̓ αὐτοῦ δρόμον διανύουσιν, night fulfil their appointed course, μηδὲν ἀλλήλοις ἐμποδίζοντα. ἥλιος succeeding one another without τε καὶ σελήνη, ἀστέρων τε χοροί let or hindrance. Sun and moon κατὰ τὴν διαταγὴν αὐτοῦ ἐν ὁμονοίᾳ and choirs of stars, according to δίχα πάσης παρεκβάσεως ἐξελίσ- His ordering, lead on their harmoσουσιν τοὺς ἐπιτεταγμένους αὐτοῖς nious dance, never exceeding the ὁρισμούς. γῆ κυοφοροῦσα κατὰ τὸ orbits assigned to them. The teemθέλημα αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἰδίοις καιροῖς τὴν ing earth, obedient to His will, πανπλήθη ἀνθρώποις τε καὶ θηρσὶν at her appointed seasons yields

R

καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς οὖσιν ἐπ ̓ αὐτὴν ζώοις abundant food for men and beasts, ἀνατέλλει τροφήν, μὴ διχοστατοῦσα and for all that liveth thereon, μηδὲ ἀλλοιοῦσά τι τῶν δεδογματισμένων ὑπ' αὐτοῦ. ἀβύσσων τε ἀνεξιχνίαστα καὶ νερτέρων ἀνεκδιήγητα κρίματα τοῖς αὐτοῖς συνέχεται προστάγμασιν. τὸ κύτος τῆς ἀπείρου θαλάσσης κατὰ τὴν δημιουργίαν αὐτοῦ συσταθὲν εἰς τὰς συναγωγάς οὐ παρεκβαίνει τὰ περιτεθειμένα αὐτῇ κλεῖθρα, ἀλλὰ καθὼς διέταξεν αὐτῇ, οὕτως ποιεῖ. εἶπεν γὰρ, “ ἕως ὧδε ἥξεις, καὶ τὰ κύματά σου ἐν σοὶ συντριβήσεται.” ὠκεανὸς ἀνθρώποις ἀπέρατος καὶ οἱ μετ ̓ αὐτὸν κόσμοι ταῖς αὐταῖς ταγαῖς τοῦ δεσ. πότου διευθύνονται. καιροὶ ἐαρινοὶ καὶ θερινοὶ καὶ μετοπωρινοὶ καὶ χειμερινοὶ ἐν εἰρήνῃ μεταπαραδιδόασιν ἀλλήλοις. ἀνέμων σταθμοὶ κατὰ τὸν ἴδιον καιρὸν τὴν λειτουργίαν αὐτῶν ἀπροσκόπως ἐπιτελοῦσιν ἀέναοί τε πηγαὶ πρὸς ἀπόλαυσιν καὶ ὑγείαν δημιουργηθεῖσαι δίχα ἐλλείψεως παρέχονται τοὺς πρὸς ζωῆς ἀνθρώποις μαζούς. τά τε ἐλάχιστα τῶν ζώων τὰς συνελεύσεις αὐτῶν ἐν ὁμονοίᾳ καὶ εἰρήνῃ ποιοῦνται ταῦτα πάντα ὁ μέγας δημιουργὸς καὶ δεσπότης τῶν ἁπάντων ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ὁμονοίᾳ προσέταξεν εἶναι, εὐεργετῶν τὰ πάντα, ὑπερεκπερισσῶς δὲ ἡμᾶς τοὺς προσπεφενγότας τοῖς οἰκτιρμοῖς αὐτοῦ διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ ἡ μεγαλωσύνη εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. ἀμήν.

never varying or changing aught of His decrees. The unfathomed deep and lower parts of the earth are controlled by the same divine ordinances. The volume of the trackless ocean, gathered by His creative Word into its appointed basins, passeth not " the bars and doors” that close it in, but yieldeth obedience to His decree. For He said “ Hitherto shalt thou come, and here shall thy proud waves be stayed.” The ocean, impassable by man, and the worlds that lie beyond it, are ordered by the same directions of the Lord. Springtime and summer, autumn and winter, peacefully give way in succession one to another. The fixed stations of the winds, in their due season, unfailingly perform their service. Ever-welling fountains, created for health and refreshment, without fail yield to mankind the life-giving nourishment of the earth's breast. The smallest of living creatures observe the times of pairing in harmony and peace. All these things the great Creator and Lord of all arranged in perfect order, blessing all with His beneficence, and most of all those who have recourse to His loving kindness through Jesus Christ our Lord, to whom be glory and majesty for ever. Amen.

1 The reading κρίματα is almost untranslatable. obvious emendation; but there is no authority for it.

κλίματα is an