inclined to drink, especially among the young people. The old, habitual drinker has gotten down to canned heat, hair tonics, etc. Half the drunks on the bench in court have not seen liquor, but anned heat, etc. BUYER-SELLER The United States attorney at Denver said that he does not think they can get juries to convict the buyer. A good many jurors will convict bootleggers, though. He thinks the attitude of jurors will be against convicting the plain buyer. USUAL SENTENCES IN STATE AND CITY COURTS In Denver courts the usual sentence in "still" cases is, for first offense, 30 days or $100 and costs, according to the deputy district attorney for Denver. As to the forfeiture of cars, the deputy said the State law is very vague; that the supreme court has held that replevin can be had for forfeiture of car. The State courts have held that they can forfeit cars if they have search warrant to seize, and now they are trying to get a decision to sustain forfeiture when search is made of car without a search warrant. The usual fines imposed by the justice of the peace in Colorado Springs, according to the sheriff's office, is from $100 to $300 in liquor cases. In the district court the sentence is usually 90 days, and often 6 months; for second offenses, 2 to 3 years; for still violations, 2 to 3 years for first offense. No penitentiary sentences are given. The deputy sheriff thinks the two judges there are not prejudiced against the liquor laws, and are dry in law; that the county judge is absolutely dry and supports the liquor laws in every way, but does not get many such cases. ASSESSMENT AND CIVIL LIABILITY SUITS The administrator said that he has certified to the United States attorney quite a number for action, but no suits have been filed yet, though compromises have been effected through that office. FOREIGN ELEMENT In Denver the Italians are the petty bootleggers-when they engage in the liquor business. It used to be the Jews. The Mexicans usually confine the liquor traffic to themselves, according to the manager of safety and excise. He says there are but a few foreigners there mostly Italians and Mexicans. NEGRO VIOLATIONS There are about 8,000 negroes in Denver, but they don't amount to much as violators of the liquor laws, according to the manager of safety and excise (ex-official sheriff). He said he doesn't remember ever picking up negroes at a "still," and they seldom get negro bootleggers. NARCOTIC ADDICTS-LIQUOR RELEVANCY The chief of police of Denver, who has had a great deal of experience with drug users, said that there are very few, if any, addicts there, and therefore very little drugs in the market; that from 1920 to 1923 was the worse time for them and there were lots of them there. They usually gave the "sob story" of their beginning the use of drugs, which was not true. He only came across one addict who said that he contracted the habit through drink or the lack of it. In all his experience this was the only one who laid his beginning to use of liquor. DENVER AND VICINITY CONDITIONS The population of Denver in 1910, according to the United States census, was about 256,491, and in 1925 was 280,911, according to a State census estimate. In 1930 the United States census reports the population in Denver to be about 320,000. While Denver is a city noted for its wonderful climate, and is therefore populated to a large extent by those seeking such climate and whose health require such, yet Denver is also the "hub" or center of a large area in a business way, furnishing mining camps and large cattle and sheep industries with the necessary machinery and equipment, as well as distributing the food supplies to them. Being the capital of the State, all State officials have their offices there in the capitol buildings. The United States courts and officials are also located there. A number of railroads enter the city, including several transcontinental roads. GENERAL PROHIBITION CONDITIONS The mayor of Denver is a "dry" and is for dry" and is for proper enforcement. The city has a vice squad to look after liquor violations. The administrator said that while there is good cooperation with his office by the police force, there are some "wet" spots that might be looked after by the police better than is being done. The force consists of about 400 men. The administrator said that Denver has the reputation of being the "dryest" place in the country and their greatest liquor problem. is "moonshine." Denver is incorporated as the city and county of Denver combined, and the police force handle all liquor and other crimes practically without the aid of the sheriff, as he attends court and serves papers almost exclusively. The report of the chief of police for the year 1928 shows that the activities of the vice squad of the police department in liquor violations were as follows: Violation of the State still law. Drunks. 38 1, 489 219 The report further shows that in 1927 there were 281 arrests made by the police for "Driving auto under influence of liquor" and 3.620 cases of "Drunkenness," also 1,970 arrests for violating the prohibition law and 20 for violating the State "still" law. In 1927 the desk sergeant's report shows a total of 20,459 arrests, and of those arrested the nativity was as follows: Africa, 1,386; Italy, 497; Mexico, 1,589; United States, 15,496. The following further statistics is given that seems relevant: From the identification department of office of chief of police I secured the following statistics of arrests: It was stated that some of these were repeaters. The administrator said that they have stills" in the hills, and the fellows who run them hire fellows to "take the fall" for them; that most of the liquor used in the State is manufactured there and it is moonshine; that there are no wide-open places in Denver and the clubs there are pretty clean. The manager of safety and excise agreed with the administrator's views of these points. He said the police force, over which he has supervision, had a membership of 423, including the chief and the detectives. The manager said liquor conditions do not amount to anything there, as it is mostly petty "stuff"; that they have a few stills, but mostly small bootleggers engaged in the business; that most of the liquor consumed there is shipped in and distributed. The United States attorney at Denver said that the liquor conditions in that district are improving a great deal, and he feels that the prohibition department there is made up of good, conscientious officers; that they make clean cases and good witnesses. He feels that everything is encouraging, so far as prosecutions of prohibition matters are concerned, but the one bad spot in the district was Pueblo, but even there conditions are much improved as to what they were a year or so ago, as the prohibition officers are devoting extra time there. Judge Symes, of the United States District Court for the Colorado Judicial District (a 1-judge court) said that he thinks the liquor conditions are better in Colorado than elsewhere; that they have a good administrator and prohibition agents. He said that he thinks the prohibition law should be amendedthe nuisance section so as to cover clubs and residences-because now one can have liquor in a home or club, not for sale or commercial purposes, and they can not be reached. He thinks law should be amended so they can be. COLORADO SPRINGS CONDITIONS In 1920 the census of the United States gave Colorado Springs a population of 30,105. It is now about 33,241, according to the present census. A large proportion of the population are tourists, especially during the summer months from about June 1 to September 15 each year. It used to be a large center of business for large mining camps at or near Pikes Peak and other points, but now the mining is growing less. The coal mining near there is still active and a considerable number of employees are on the various pay rolls. The Golden Cycle Reduction Mill is active. The sheriff's chief deputy said that conditions generally in the county, comparatively speaking, are very good, and that the public is cooperating better than ever and sending in complaints. He said that he is very well acquainted with the city and knows that if men want liquor they can get it there; that the police force is very lax and most of the enforcement there has been done by the sheriff's office the last two or three years; that last August they made 80 arrests, mostly all liquor cases, and got 38 convictions, and that had a lot to do with running bootleggers out of there; that last year he confiscated four "stills," large ones, in various parts of the county; that Teller County is very poor and the people can not make a living, so they have stills, and there are some bad people there; that there is not even a clue of a still in El Paso County; that the liquor there is brought in from below Pueblo, Trinidad, and also Denver; that the big liquor operator, Andrew Lombardo, was taken for a ride and killed recently; that another prominent operator, Chester Porter, was caught in Denver and was to be tried that term of the district court for possession; that the most trouble they now have is petty bootlegging by bringing in on trucks and peddled out to henchmen; that home-brew is also peddled, but is mostly made for home purposes; that students at the college are relatively clear of the traffic; that last year they averaged about 10 liquor cases a month and not all were convicted; that there were the following arrests made by them, and practically all convicted on possession charges: April, 1929, 6; March, 8; February, 3; July, 3. Colorado Springs has always been considered a "dry" city. and the deeds to lots in the city contain a clause forfeiting the owner's right to the lot if the same is used for liquor purposes. Some lots have been declared forfeited for that reason. The chief of police of Colorado Springs furnished me with the following statistics as to arrests for liquor violations during the years 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, and 1915: |