As at several places in this volume Latin quotations are largely introduced, so as to form portions of the text, these have in many cases been simply reproduced in English. Where the meaning is less obvious, and the reader might desire to be made acquainted with the original, the Latin has been inserted within brackets.

CONTENTS.

PART II.

DEVELOPMENT OF ECCLESIASTICAL DOGMA.

BOOK II., Continued.

Expansion and Remodelling of Dogma into a Doctrine of Sin,
Grace, and Means of Grace on the basis of the Church.

CHAPTER I1.-History of Dogma in the Period of Clugny,

Anselm, and Bernard

Clugny. Renunciation of the world and rule over it.

Monastic training of the clergy

The Crusades and their consequences for piety

Objectionable elements in his Mysticism

2. Development of Ecclesiastical Law -

Development of the papacy into an autocracy. The Papal

Decretals

The new ecclesiastical law more definitely framed. Union

Page.

I-83

I

3-15

3

8

12

16-23

16

1 The two chapters which make up this volume answer to Chapters VII. and VIII. of
Part II., Book II., in the Original German Edition.

Preparation in history for mediæval science. Its relation

to Greek science. The inherited capital

The Carlovingian Era

The period of transition

The Eleventh Century. The prevailing influence of

Realism. The question of the Universals. The

Dialecticians

"Aristotelianism"

The negative and positive significance of the science of

Abelard

37

Page.

51

Disciples and opponents of Abelard. Reconciliation of

Dogma with Aristotle

4. Elaboration of Dogma

Introduction

a. The Berengarian Controversy

Doctrine of Transubstantiation as framed after the

Controversy

The importance of the Fourth Lateran Council for the
doctrines of the Eucharist, Baptism, and Repentance

b. Anselm's doctrine of Satisfaction

Criticism of this doctrine

Its limited measure of influence

-

Doctrine of the Merit of Christ. Abelard's doctrine of

Reconciliation

Peter Lombard

CHAPTER II.-History of Dogma in the Period of the Mendi-

cant Monks, till the beginning of the Sixteenth Century -

Introduction

St. Francis, the Apostolic life, the Franciscan piety (the

84-317

84

85-117

The doctrine of poverty, the different tendencies, the

Fraticelli and the Spirituales