is perditum? Hoc est mirabile dictu. Puer domo exiit venatum. Cæsar quartam legionem pabulatum misit. Vidimus flavum Tiberim ire dejectum monumenta regis.

How is the Future Active Participle formed in each conjugation? What two parts of the Active voice are similar in form to the Perf. Pass. Participle? Mention the two ordinary uses of the Fut. Act. Participle. Now that you have four different ways for translating the English Infinitive when it denotes a purpose, give four Latin renderings of the English sentence; I sent ambassadors to ask for peace: and parse each. Translate and parse,

I hope that king Pyrrhus will conquer the Romans. The boy knows that his father will soon come back. Caius returned home to finish the business. I went out to hunt. The girl went to Rome to see the king. The shepherd went out of his house to fight against the lion.

Write down the Gerunds, the Supine in um, the Part. in dus, and the Fut. Act. Part. of twenty Latin verbs; and introduce each of them into as many Latin sentences.

What is that Defective Pronoun, which names a third Person? Through what forms does it pass; and for what do these forms serve? Why is it called Reflective? How is it used? Translate,

I hope to return soon. Caius hopes to come to Rome. The boy pretends to be asleep. The girls hope to live long. I hope to see him soon. Caius spares himself. Both Caius and you hope to live long.

What is the Possessive answering to the Reflective Pronoun? How is it used? Is there anything wrong in the sentence, Tu amas suum patrem? What are the Possessives answering to Nos and Vos? Decline them. Is there any difference in the use of Possessives in Latin and English?

What is the Relative Pronoun in Latin? Why is it so called? Decline it. What is the word called to which it relates? What is the Third Concord? Explain it. How is the case of the Relative determined? When is the Antecedent omitted?

Translate and parse,

Rex, qui regit alios, se regere non potest. Nullum animal, quod sanguinem habet, sine corde esse potest. Cedes villâ,

C.

d.

e.

quam flavus Tiberis lavit. Harum, quas colis, arborum nulla te brevem dominum sequetur. Senex non facit ea, quæ juvenesi. Ego, qui bella gessi, nunc cessare videor". Eheu! te, quam amavi, cita mors abstulit. Te canam, Diva, gratum quæ regis Antium. Vobis, quæ floribus gaudetis, nectam coronas. Nobis, qui floribus gaudemus, necte coronas. Quem puerum ad me misisti, taurus cornu vulneravit. Quam servan mihi talento vendidisti, mortua est. Quod opus promisisti te confecturum, nondum confectum est.

iii

Qui justus est, laudo. Quæ pulchra est, juvenes sequun-. tur. Quod justum est, laudo. Quæ justa sunt, laudas. Qui justus est, laudatur. Quæ pulchra est, amatur. Quæ justa sunt, laudantur. O quæ fontibus gaudes, necte mihi coronam. Cras amato, qui nunquam amavit; quique amavit, cras

amato.

Caius idem est, quiiv semper fuit.

Femina eadem est,.

quæ semper fuit. Caius talis est, qualis semper fuit. Cumuli nivis tanti sunt, quanti solent esse. Opus hodie tantum est, quantum here fuit. Ego talis sum, qualis semper fui. Tu eadem es, quæ semper fuisti. Tu talis es, qualem semper te putavi. Ego idem sum senex, quem puerum cognovisti. Cumuli nivis non sunt hodie tanti, quantos antea vidi. Nemo a Diisi immortalibus tot et tantas res tacitus audet optare, quot et quantas Caio dederunt. Quot homines, tot sententiæ. Spes mea eadem est, quæ tua. Lex hominum non est eadem quæ naturæ. Dos filiæ meæ tanta est, quanta tuæ. Non sum qualis eram bonæ sub regno Cinare. Quis vi venit? Quid. agis? Quis deus te liberare poterit? Quot estis? Cujus filiam duxisti uxorem?

vii

viii

Hannibal, who defeated the Romans at Canne, was defeated by them at Zama. The slave, whom you sent to me, has broken his chains and run away. The boy, to whom you gave. a book, is dead. The girls, whose father I saw, promised to come. I, who delight in flowers, love the country. You, who do not delight in flowers, love the town. He who can sing, will not; he who cannot, will. I praise that which is good; I love that which is beautiful. He who is just is praised. O, thou, who delightest in flowers, weave me a beautiful garland. I am not such as I was. You are not what you were. The waves are such as I have never seen them before. What are

you looking for? Who can deny that the girl is beautiful? How many are we?

The Relative verb, agreeing with Juvenes as S. W., and governing Quæ, is understood from the Main verb Facit. If expressed, it would of course be Faciunt.

Video, I see. Videor, I am seen; i. e. I seem. That which I am seen, or seem, to do, is conceived as moved from me to the eyes of the person who sees; and therefore has its noun in the A. case: as here, the Inf. Cessare.

Notice that the Antecedent is sometimes omitted in the Main, and inserted in the Relative sentence. The A. D. W. to Main S. W. Taurus is Puerum, understood. The S. W. to Main verb Mortua est is Serva, understood.

We translate Idem qui, either by the Relative That, or the Conjunction As, or the Relative What. Caius is the same that he always was the same as he always was: or, leaving out the same, what he always was. The construction is this. Caius is the antecedent. Idem is an adjective, agreeing with Caius in gen., num., and case. Qui agrees with Ant. Caius in gen. and num. ; it communicates to rel. verb Fuit the person of Caius; it is in the N. case, as S. W. to Fuit. If the English were, Caius is the same as I have always known him; the Latin would be, Caius idem est, quem semper cognovi. Quem agreeing with Caius in gen. and num., and being in the A. case, as A. D. W. after Cognovi.

Beside Qui, there are the Relative Adjectives Qualis, Quantus, and Quot. Qui means, Which exactly. Qualis; Which, in point of Quality; of which sort. Quantus; Which, in point of Magnitude; of which size. Quot, Which, in point of Number; how many. They are generally used in connexion with the adjectives Talis, Tantus, Tot; which mean respectively; Such, in point of Quality; Such, in point of Magnitude; Such, in point of Number. They therefore bear the same relation to these, that Qui does to Idem; which means, Such, exactly; i. e. the same.

Tot and Quot are indeclinable: but Qualis and Quantus have the same construction as Qui. Only, The word with which they agree is frequently inserted in the rel. sentence, as they are simple adjectives: whereas the word with which Qui agrees hardly ever is. Tu talis es, qualis eras. You are such as you were. Talis agrees with Tu in gen., num., and case. Qualis agrees with Tu mentally repeated, but not inserted. Tu talis es, qualem semper te cognovi. Qualem agrees with the Ant. Tu, inserted in the rel. sentence in the A. case, as A. D. W. after Cognovi. In the sentence, Cumuli nivis, &c., Quantos agrees with Cumulos, not inserted.

Both Talis qualis and Tantus quantus are often translated into English by Such as. You must therefore be careful, in translating English into Latin, to decide whether Such as means Such in point of Quality, or of Magnitude; Of such sort, or So large.

Deus is an irregular noun of the 2nd Declension. S. N. and V., Deus. P. N. and V., Dei, Dii, or Di. G. Deorum or Deûm. D. and Ab. Deis, Diis, or Dis. The other cases are regular. The forms Dei, Deis, are seldom used.

Notes.

ii.

iii.

iv.

-Idem.

V.

Talis

qualis,&c.

vi.

vii.

tives.

"The law of man is not the same as that of nature.' We either repeat the antecedent. as 'the law of nature; or insert a pronoun, as that of nature.' But in Latin the Relative is sufficient by itself. Be careful therefore not to translate the pronoun into Latin in such sentences as the above.

viii. All the Relatives are used as Interrogative adjectives before nouns: Interroga, as, Qui gurges? What whirlpool? Quod mare? What sea? Qualis homo? What sort of man? Quantus fluctus? How large a wave? Quot homines? How many men? Instead of Qui and Quod, Quis and Quid are used, sometimes before nouns; and almost always, when we speak of man or thing generally, and therefore the noun is omitted: as, Quis venit? What (man), Who comes? Quid quæris ? What (thing), What are you looking for?

23. Sujunc

tive.

b.

C.

d.

Is the Relative sentence dependent on the Main sentence for its form or sense? When a sentence is dependent on the Main sentence for its sense, how is this dependence shewn in form? What class of words generally subjoin a dependent to a main sentence? How can you tell whether the sentence joined by a Relative is independent of, or dependent on, the main sentence?

You have now Six different ways for translating the English
Infinitive, when it names an end or purpose. What are they?
Translate, by each way, I come to seek my daughter.

Explain the difference between the Definite and Indefinite
Perfect. Give the Rule for the dependence of the subjoined
verb on the main verb in Tense. Give examples.
Translate, by the Subjunctive mood,

He comes to fetch me. We were sent to look for him. We shall be sent to fetch him. I am coming to see you. I came to fetch you. I am come to look for you. He is gone to look for the girl. He went to look for the girl. I was coming to fetch you. Ambassadors were setting out to sue for peace. Caius had sent ambassadors to sue for peace. We were gone to look for him. We were going to look for the girl. He was come to see me. I asked the boy not to leave the house. I advise you not to go to Rome. We will strive to conquer the enemy.

VOCABULARY'.

1 If a verb is regular, nothing is put after it except the termination of the Infinitive mood. If nothing is put after a noun ending in us, as Annus; it must be understood that its G. case ends in i, and that it is of the m. gender. If nothing after an Adjective ending in us, as Albus ; its G. also ends in i.

After a noun ending in a, or um, it is unnecessary to add anything.