CHEMICAL NEWS, Nov. 28, 1913 Volatile Constituents of Coal. 269 several portions into which coal can be separated by the (Arch. Sci. phys. nat., 1909, [4], xxvii., 383) has now been | photographic plate in the dark, and it is shown that the proved by direct evidence to be the 2:3: 5-trinitro-compound, and the trinitroanisidine melting at 138-139 (Trans., 1910, xcvi., 444) the 2:3: 6-trinitro-compound. The position of the "mobile" nitro-group in the different series has been shown to be as formerly determined, namely, the 3-nitro-group in the 2: 3: 6-series, and in the 2:3:5-series the 2-nitro-group under the influence of bases, sodium acetate, &c., or the 3-nitro-group on diazotisation of the 4-amino group (Trans., 1910, xcvii., 1204). 224. "New Method for the Determination of the Concentration of Hydroxyl Ions." By FRANCIS FRANCIS and FRANK HENRY GEAKE. (Trans., 1913, 1722). The decomposition of nitrosotriacetonamine into phorone, water, and nitrogen, under the influence of various bases has been fully investigated, the course of the reaction being followed by observing the volume of nitrogen evolved. The rate of the reaction is proportional to the concentration of the hydroxyl ions, and the results show that, up to a concentration of 005 N. and beyond 0.3N-hydroxyl ion, a new method has been found for the determination of the concentration of such ions. The utility of this method is indicated by the fact that the effect of neutral salts in moderate concentration on the course of the reaction appears to be negligible. 225. "Relation between Residual Affinity and Chemical Constitution. Part IV. Some Open-chain Compounds." BY HANS THACHER CLARKE. (Trans., 1913, 1689). Some measurements have been made of the reactivity of tertiary amines of the general formula Me2N [CH2]n NMe2 and MeO [CH2]n NMe2 towards ethyl bromoacetate under standard conditions. It was found that the reactive power of the members of both series increases with increasing length of chain; furthermore, in both cases exaltation of reactivity was observed when the atoms of nitrogen and oxygen were situated in the critical positions (n = 3 and 4). These results then tend to confirm the hypothesis of "spacial conjugation " in open-chain compounds. In two control series of the general formulæ CH Me2 [CH2] NMez and Et [CH2] N Me2, only slight variations of reactive capacity were observed in the different members. 226. "Reduction of Mercuric Chloride by Sodium Formate." By ALEXANDER FINDLAY and MORTON JAMES PRYCE DAVIES. (Trans., 1913, 1550). The reduction of mercuric chloride by sodium formate has been studied kinetically at 40°. From the results it appears that the reaction is a bimolecular one, similarly to the reduction of mercuric chloride by phosphorous acid. 227. "Volatile Constituents of Coal." Part III. By ARTHUR HERBERT CLARK and RICHARD VERNON Coal can be separated into two substances, differing widely in their characteristics, by the solvent action, first of pyridine and then of chloroform or benzene. The portion of coal soluble in pyridine appears to consist of the resinous constituents, together with some of the humus substances. The latter are insoluble in chloroform or benzene, whereas the resinous constituents are soluble. A separation can thus be made. Destructive distillation at different temperatures of the separate portions of a bituminous coal obtained by use of these solvents supports the view already put forward (Trans., 1910, xcvii., 1924; 1911, xcix., 649) that coal is conglomerated of two main types of substances, "hydrogenyielding" and "paraffin-yielding," the former being the degradation products of the celluloses (humus substances), part of which are insoluble in pyridine, and part soluble in pyridine but insoluble in chloroform; and the latter being the resinous constituents, soluble in both pyridine and chloroform. In an addendum to the paper [with CLAUDB BERNARD PLATT] attention is drawn to the results obtained by W. J. Russell (Proc. Roy. Soc., 1908, B, 1xxx., 432) when investigating the action of resin and allied substances on a If coal be regarded as a conglomerate of two main types of compounds, the one readily yielding inflammable gases and vapours on heating to a comparatively low temperature, the other requiring a higher temperature of more prolonged duration to decompose it freely, it can be understood that variations in the proportions in which these different types exist in different coals should cause corresponding variations in the chemical and physical properties of the coals. A property, common to all coals, which would appear to depend essentially on the proportion of readily decom. posed constituents present, is their "inflammability" when in the form of dust. It is shown that for a number of coal dusts tested the relative inflammabilities varied directly with the relative proportions of readily-decomposed constituents in the coals. NOTICES OF BOOKS. 1913. Industrial Organic Analysis. By PAUL S. ARUP, B.Sc., Ensilage. By D. H. De Burgh. Dublin and London: Maunsel and Company, Ltd. 1913. THE author of this little book has a first-hand knowledge of the economical aspects of feeding cattle, both for milk and for beef, through the winter months, and the fact that he has come through some hard experiences and had a good many failures gives his advice all the more weight. The book contains explicit directions for building a silo, growing forage plants for it, and making ensilage. The feeding power of ensilage is discussed, and the chapter on this subject will give the farmer and the colonist some food for reflection. If the author writes didactically he appears to have the weight of facts and figures behind his statements, and to have considered the problem of profitable farming, both in Ireland and in Canada, from many different points of view. OH NEWS C6H5(H4)-C(Dm)2 ; i.e., it is tetrahydrogenated explained, with all the formulæ and equations involved. Some general theoretical conceptions are discussed in an introductory chapter, and throughout the book the physico-malachite green. The presence of the four supplementary chemical point of view is emphasised. The tables of atoms of hydrogen considerably modifies the absorbent separations, both for anions and cations, are novel in some powers of the solutions for white light. respects, and are very clear and good. A departure from the usual procedure is introduced in treating the most important acids first, their reactions and separations being regarded as easier for the beginner to study than those of the bases. Eine Anleitung zur Ausführung exakter Physiko-chemischer Messungen bei Höheren Temperaturen. ("An Introduction to Methods of taking exact Physico-chemical Measurements at High Temperatures"). By Dr. F. M. Jaeger. Groningen: J. B. Wolters. 1913. ALTHOUGH this book is intended primarily to give workers in the author's laboratory an insight into the methods adopted in high temperature research work, and to enable them to be as independent as possible of personal assistance from demonstrators when they first take up their work, it will give any investigator in the same region an excellent review of such work, for it contains very detailed and clear accounts of the most carefully tested and reliable methods of research, especially those which have been worked out by the author and in the geophysical laboratory at Washington. The author believes that faulty methods are to be blamed for the conflicting data which have been accumulated, and he urges the necessity for the employment of trustworthy standard methods only. The determination of high temperatures is first discussed, and then full details are given of the process of determining the temperature of equilibrium, and the optical and thermic data which can be used in the investigation of silicates are tabulated. CHEMICAL NOTICES FROM FOREIGN SOURCES. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances des l'Academie des Sciences. Vol. clvii., No. 12, September 22; No. 13, September 29; No. 14, October 6, 1913. These numbers contains no chemical matter. No. 15, October 13, 1913. Photo-electric Effect of Metallic Compounds.— B. A. Dima.-The photo-electric effect of analogous com. pounds of the same metal depends upon the valency of the metal in the compound; the higher the valency the smaller the photo-electric power. It is known that the photo-electric effect diminishes more or less quickly as the duration of exposure is increased. In the case of oxides of the same metal, since the lower oxide has the greater tendency to oxidise, and oxidation corresponds to an increase of valency, the lower oxide ought to exhibit fatigue more strongly to the higher, and this is found to be the case. In the halogen compounds of different metals the effect increases with the atomic weight of the halogen (cadmium is an exception). Potassium chloride and lead iodide and bromide become fatigued as quickly in the light as in the darkness. In the case of potassium bromide the photo-electric effect increases very rapidly in the light and diminishes in darkness, finally returning practically to its initial value. With silver bromide and iodide the same phenomenon is observed, except that the effect is always greater than the initial effect. With silver chloride the effect diminishes after small intervals, both in the light and in the dark. Leucobases and Dyes of Diphenylethylene.-P. Lemoult. The gentle oxidation of tetramethyldiamidodiphenylcyclohexylidene methane gives a dye the base of which has the formula C23H30N2O; it fuses at 145°, and readily loses water to give the compound C23H28N2. It corresponds to a dye, the formula of which may be written Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei. Vol. xxii. [ii.], No. 4, 1913. Structure of 3 - Nitroso-2-phenyl - indol. — Luigi Alessandri.-The author has prepared 3-nitroso-2-phenyl indol already described by Angeli, and has confirmed his statement that its melting-point is 42°. When ketoximes are heated they undergo the following decomposition:R 3 RC-NOH - 3 R>CO + N2+ NH3. Nitrosophenyl R. indol does not give this reaction, but yields a solid isomer melting at 156°. This is a benzoyl derivative formed by and Samann's benzoyl derivative. the opening of the pyrrol ring, and is isomeric with Pinnow Beckmann's reaction, characteristic of ketoximes, gives positive results when applied to nitrosophenylindol. Formation of Complexes by Alcoholic Hydroxyls. G. Calcagni. Glycollic and lactic acids give with iron salts which have the same formulæ as the corresponding salts of chromium, e.g..— (CH2OHCOO)6 CH2OH.COO.Fe(OH)3. (OH)2 [Fe3 Benzoic and salicylic acids, on the other hand, in the experi mental conditions employed by the author, give only of iron and chromium, e.g., simple compounds Cr(C6H4C00)2 MEETINGS FOR THE WEEK. MONDAY, Dec. 1st.-Royal Institution, 5. General Meeting. Society of Chemical Industry, 8. "Use of Antiseptics for Soil Sterilisation Purposes," by Dr. E. J. Russell and Mr. Buddin. Royal Society of Arts, 8. (Cantor Lecture). "The Measurement of Stresses in Materials and Structures," by Prof. E. G. Coker, D.Sc. Chadwick Public Lectures, 8.15. (At the Institution of Civil Engineers, Great George Street, Westminster). House Drainage Law," by W. Addington Willis, LL.B. WEDNESDAY, 3rd.--Royal Society of Arts, 8. "Perfumery," by J. C. Society of Public Analysts, 8. "Sulphuretted THURSDAY, 4th-Chemical Society, 8.30. "Action of Sulphuric Acid on Copper," by (the late) J. T. Cundall. "Reactions which Occur when Glycerol and Oxalic Acid are Heated together whereby Formic Acid and Allyl Alcohol are Produced," by F. D. Chattaway. "Rotatory Dispersive Power of Organic Compounds-Part V., A Comparison of the Optical and Magnetic Rotatory Dispersions in some Optically-active Liquids." by T. M. Lowry, R. H. Pickard, and J. Kenyon. "Organic Derivatives of Silicon- Part XX, Some Condensation Product of Dibenzylsilicanediol," by R. Robison and F. S. Kipping. "Relation between Chemical Constitution and Depth of Colour of Dyes," by E. R. Watson. "Dyes Derived from Quercetin," by E R. Watson and K. B. Sen. Improved Form of Apparatus, based on the Landsberger-Sakurai Process, for the Determina tion of Molecular Weight," by W. E. S. Turner and C. T. Pollard. "Rotation of Optically Active Derivatives of Succinic Acid in Aqueous Solutions of Inorganic Salts," by G. W. Clough. Literary Intelligence.-Messrs. Longmans, Green, and Co. have in preparation "Chemistry of the Radioelements Part II. The Radio elements and the Periodic Law," by Frederick Soddy, F.R.S. This is an extension of the original monograph and covers recent generalisations connecting the radio-active disintegration series with Mendeleeff's Table. Catalogue and Sample free. Quotations given for Apparatus to Special Design. GENERAL INDEX TO THE CHEMICAL NEWS, Vols. 1 to 100 (1860 to 1909). Pp. 712. Price £2. " (Carriage extra, weight 3 lbs. 9 ozs). PRESS OPINIONS. 'It is, without doubt, the finest example of a General Index which has been published in connection with chemistry." -Chemist and Druggist, May 3, 1913. "It is an excellent compilation, and sure to be of great service to chemical readers generally."-Pharmaceutical Journal, May 10, 1913 "The Chemical News is to be congratulated on having had the courage to undertake and the perseverance to carry out a work of this description. The task has been carried out in a thoroughly workmanlike spirit, and as it contains a key to the history of every development in chemistry during the fifty years covered it should prove extremely useful to everyone interested in science"- Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, May 23, 1913. "In indexing articles, the spelling and nomenclature originally adopted by the authors has been adhered So far as has been noticed, this is the one blot on an excellently planned and finely executed work of a monumental character."-Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, June, 1913. to. "The Index under review is one that will be necessary to every reader of the Chemical News, and, indeed, will be useful to all chemists, giving, as it does, references to so many subjects, such as university intelligence, &c., which are found in perhaps no other chemical journal."—Nature, June 19, 1913. "A great service has been now performed for the active chemist in making this mass of material easily accessible through a general index. It is evident that no pains have been spared to make this work as complete and All those interested, particularly in chemistry and chemical industry, will be grateful to the management of the Chemical News for bringing to completion this great work."--American Journal of Science, July, 1913. accurate as possible. "The Index seems very complete, and forms an interesting survey of he period covered by it. It should be of great value to chemists who possess files of the Chemical News "Journal of the Franklin Institute, July, 1913. "It is not merely a compilation of all the volume indexes, but is much more elaborate. Every possessor of a set of the Chemical News, whether complete or partial, will do well to add this most valuable volume to his librar."Journal of the American Chemical Society, August, 1913. Although the Index contains two thousand one hundred and thirty-six columns, the book is of a convenient size, and is only an inch and five-eighths thick. All chemists should show their appreciation of the enterprise of the Chemical News by adding this valuable Index to their library."-Knowledge, November, 1913. "This Index covers all material in the issues of the Chemical News for the first fifty years, and should be of inestimable value to every working chemist, whether a subscriber to the Chemical News or not."-Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, November, 1913. 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ARTICLES: Anodic and Cathodic Retardation Phenomena and their Bearing upon the Theory of Passivity, by G. Grube The Ammonia System of Acids, Bases, and Salts, by E. C. The Scientific Week PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES THE ROYAL SOCIETY....... CHEMICAL SOCIETY..... CORRESPONDENCE.-Gallium: its Wide Distribution, &c.-The New American Duty Tariff.. NOTICES OF BOOKS CHEMICAL NOTICES FROM FOREIGN SOURCES............. 283 MISCELLANEOUS.... MEETINGS FOR THE WEEK.. LEAD ASHES, SULPHATE OF LEAD, LEAD SLAGS, ANTIMONIAL LEAD, COPPER MATTE, TIN ASHES, &c., ORES, DROSS, or RESIDUES, containing TIN, COPPER, LEAD, and ANTIMONY. The Proprietor of PATENT No. 29795 of 1909 for "Improvements in the Manufacture of Alkali Metals," is desirous of disposing of the Patent rights or of negotiating for the grant of licences to work thereunder. All enquiries should be addressed to JOHNSONS and WILLCOX, 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C. PLATINUM Utensils.-We supply all forms and sizes of Platinum Utensils and Apparatus for Chemical and Physical purposes. All our utensils are hammered to shape, tested, and finished in the best manner. All kinds of Platinum scrap bought for cash or taken in exchange for new.-DERBY and Co., Ltd., 44, Clerkenwel Road, London, E.C. ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL, BROTHERTON & CO., Ltd. AMMONIA Oky Chambers, LEEDS. BNQUIRIES SOLICITED, |