The Synthetic Dyestuffs and the Intermediate Products from | banded spectra of metals obtained in the oxyhydrogen which they are Derived. By JOHN CANNELL CAIN, D.Sc. (Manchester and Tübingen), and JOCELYN FIELD THORPE, D.Sc. (Manchester), Ph.D. (Heidelberg), F.R.S., F.I.C. Second Edition, London: Charles Griffin and Co., Ltd. 1913. In the second edition of this excellen laboratory text-book on the synthetic dyestuffs the general plan and arrangement of the first edition is preserved, the first part giving a theoretical description of the intermediate products and dyestuffs, the second part dealing with their preparation, while in the third part their analysis and identification are discussed, and methods of detecting dyestuffs on the fibre are explained. In this section Green's tables are now reproduced in full, and replace those given in the first edition. The chapter on Oxyketone Dyestuffs is now headed "Anthracene Dyestuffs," and includes indanthrene and similar products, and the new indigoid colouring matters are now treated fully. Many new azo compounds are also described for the first time, and the names of some typical members of the various sub-sections have had to be changed in the new edition. OBITUARY. PROFESSOR HUGH MARSHALL. We regret to have to announce the death of Prof. Hugh flame. He carried out a long series of experiments on ultra-violet absorption spectra, extending his observations to the case of organic compounds, and publishing his first paper on the subject in the Philosophical Transactions in 1879. He conceived the idea of studying the absorption tious, and by plotting the absorption curves deduced from limits of substances at a great many different concentrahis results he was able to draw very valuable inferences regarding the relation between chemical constitution and absorption spectra. By the use of his method it is possible to determine the molecular constitution of many substances for which chemical methods fail. He investigated the question of the appearance of series of lines in spectra, and in some metallic spectra. He was much interested in the studied the relationship between the doublets and triplets application of photography to the solution of chemical problems, and also published papers on colour changes in He was a frequent contributor to the Philosophical Transsome chemical compounds, and on the theory of colour. actions, the Proceedings of the Royal Society, the Transac tions of the Chemical Society, and the CHEMICAL NEWS, and wrote a paper which appeared in Kayser's "Handbuch der Spectroscopie " in 1905. He was awarded the Longstaff Medal of the Chemical Society for research in Spectrochemistry in 1906, and the Grand Prix for Spectrographic Research at the Franco-British Exhibition in 1908. He was the author of "Air and its Relations to Life," 1876; "Water, Air, and Disinfectants, 1877 "; and " Quantitative Analysis for Students," 1877. SOURCES. NOTE. All degrees of temperature are Centigrade unless otherwise expressed. Prof. Marshall, who was a native of Edinburgh, received CHEMICAL NOTICES FROM FOREIGN his early education in that city, and proceeded from the University there to Munich and afterwards to Ghent. He was appointed Lecturer in Mineralogy and Crystallography at the University of Edinburgh in 1894, and in 1902 he became Lecturer in Chemistry at the same University. In 1908 he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at University College, Dundee. Dr. Marshall devoted himself chiefly to the study of crystallography, and published some important papers on this and allied subjects. He also investigated the metallic salts of some organic acids, and was the joint author of books entitled "An Introduction to Chemical Crystallography" and "Salts and their Reactions." He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1904. SIR WALTER HARTLEY. By the death of Sir Walter Noel Hartley, F.R.S., D.Sc., which occurred on September 11th at Braemar, the Royal College of Science, Dublin, has suffered an irreparable loss, which will be shared by the whole scientific world. Sir Walter Hartley, who was knighted in 1911, was Professor of Chemistry and Dean of Faculty of the Royal College of Science, and was formerly Vice-President of the Institute of Chemistry. In 1903-4 he was President of the Chemistry Section of the British Association, and was a Fellow of King's College, London. His most famous scientific investigations were in the region of spectroscopy, where he contributed many valuable results of great practical and theoretical importance. He first suggested the employment of an alloy of cadmium, tin, and lead for the purpose of obtaining a spark spectrum which could be used as a standard of comparison, and this alloy has been found to give highly satisfactory results. He also devised a new form of apparatus for obtaining the spark spectra of metallic salts, and made an exhaustive study of the spark spectra of metals and their salts, from which very important conclusions can be deduced. He was a pioneer in the determination of wave-lengths in the ultra-violet region and also in the investigation of the Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Academie des Sciences. Vol. clvii., No. 1, July 7, 1913. Acetyl-acetonates of Cerium.-André Job and Paul Goissedet.-Ceric acetyl-acetonate can be prepared by suspending ceric hydrate in water, adding excess of acetylacetone, and shaking. A brown colouration appears, and after several days very dark red crystalline needles separate. They are the normal ceric acetyl-acetonate, CeR4, with 11 molecules of water. The anhydrous compound may be obtained by evaporating a solution in carbon tetrachloride. It is a black metallic crystalline substance which yields a brown powder when crushed. Diketones obtained by the Action of Xylylene Dibromides on Isopropylphenyl Ketone and their Decomposition by Sodamide.-M. Dumesnil.-The author has proved that when sodamide acts on diketones or the formula diamides are obtained having NH2 groups in the place of the Ar groups. The diamides can be converted into the corresponding acids by heating with 50 per cent sulphuric acid for six hours in a sealed tube to 150°. Hydrogenation of a-Ethylenic Secondary Alcohols in presence by Nickel.-Roger Douris.-At a temperature of about 200° propenylisoamylcarbinol, vinylisobutylcarbinol, propenylcyclohexylcarbinol can be hydrogenated over nickel, yielding the corresponding ketones. The saturated hydrocarbons corresponding to the alcohols employed are formed at the same time. CHEMICAL NEWS, Sept. 26,11913 Chemical Notices from Foreign Sources. No. 2, July 15, 1913. Fluorine in the Animal Organism.-Armand Gautier and P. Clausmann.-Fluorine exists in all animal tissues and organs, but in very different amounts, varying from 180 mgrms. to o 15 mgrm. per 100 grms. of dry matter. It always accompanies phosphorus, to which it appears to be bound. The quantity of it may differ very much in different regions of the same tissue, and it varies with the age of the individual, generally increasing up to maturity, and then decreasing. Muscular tissue is very poor in fluorine, while the blood is relatively rich. Action of Ultra-violet Rays on Hydrogen Peroxide. -Victor Henri and René Wurmser.-The rate of decomposition of H2O2 in monochromatic light is proportional to the concentration, the reaction being monomolecular. For each wave-length it is proportional to the incident energy, and it is also proportional to the energy absorbed, the factor of proportionality being the same for wavelengths between 2800 and 2060. Einstein's law of photochemical equivalence does not hold good for the decomposition of H2O2. The energy absorbed in the decomposition of a grm.-molecule of H2O2 is practically equal to the energy liberated by the decomposition of H2O2 in the dark. Additive Reactions of Carbon Monoxide with other Gases under the Influence of the Ultra-violet Rays.-Daniel Berthelot and Henry Gaudechon.-The tendency of CO to give addition products under the influence of light is specially marked with the first members of the different series. Thus it combines with Cl but not with Br or I, with O but not with S, with H2O but not with H2S, and with NH3 and not with PH3 or AsH3. These first members are those which have the most im portant rôle in nature, and the union of CO under the action of light with H, O, H2O, and NH3 is of great biochemical importance. Formation of Methane by Catalysis from Carbon Monoxide and Water Vapour.-Léo Vignon.-The following substances act as catalysts, transforming CO into CH4 in the presence of water vapour :-Al2O3, MgO, SiO2, Fe, Ni, Cu. The mechanism of the transformation differs in different cases. With Fe, Al2O3, SiO2, carbides are first formed, and then decomposed by the water vapour : : 12CO + 2Al2O3 = C3A14 9CO2, Some hydrogen may also be formed either directly or by the Lactonisation of a-Ketonic Ethers.-H. Gault.When pyruvic acid is etherified by ethyl alcohol in presence of HCl, a complex mixture of ethers is obtained. These include ethyl pyruvate, the corresponding acetal, ketovalerolactone carbonic ether, and another lactone ether which is the principal product of the reaction. From the study of the derivatives which this compound forms with hydrazine hydrate and with ammonia the author has proved that it is the ethyl ether-oxide of ketovalerolactone carbonic ether (methylethoxyketodihydrofurfurane carbonic ether). Action of Sodammonium on True Acetylenic Hydrocarbons.-Paul Lebeau and Marius Picon.-Sodammonium acts on the true acetylenic hydrocarbons of the fatty series to give the sodium derivatives of the hydrocarbons and the corresponding ethylenic hydrocarbon in the proportion of one molecule of the latter to two of the former. Thus with allylene the reaction is 3C3H4+2NH3Na = 2C3H3Na + C3H6 +2NH3. The products obtained in this reaction are very pure, and no secondary reactions have been observed. 161 Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. Fixation of Atmospheric Nitrogen by Boron Compounds.-Arthur Stähler and John Jacob Elbert.-The reduction of B203 by means of carbon begins at 1200°, and that of calcium borate (in presence of nitrogen) at 1280°. The yield of boron when fused borax is electrolysed amounts to 12.1 per cent. The authors have shown that calcium boride can probably be prepared from boron oxide and calcium carbide, and have proved that boron nitride begins to give up nitrogen at 2450°. 26-28 per cent of BN is obtained from boron oxide, carbon and nitrogen at 1500-1700°, and under ordinary pressure, while at higher pressures more than 85 per cent BN can be obtained. From boro calcite, carbon and nitrogen at 1800-1400° nearly the theoretical quantity, 46 per cent, of combined nitrogen can be obtained, an increase of pressure having no effect. Hydrocarbons.-Siegfried Hilpert and Ludwig Wolf.Antimony Pentachloride as a Reagent for Aromatic A mixture of 1 volume of antimony pentachloride and 2 volumes of carbon tetrachloride is a sensitive reagent for the detection of aromatic hydrocarbons. With pure benzene it gives a yellow or yellowish red coloration, while with commercial benzene the colour rapidly changes to dirty green, and after a time a dark precipitate is formed. Anthracene gives an intense green precipitate, and carbazol a lighter green precipitate. These colorations can be used to test the purity of anthraquinone. All hydrocarbons in which more than one phenyl group is linked to a carbon atom, such as diphenyl methane, triphenylmethane, fluorene, give green addition products, the colours of which are altered if other substituents are present. Thus methyl produces a red tinge, while a nitro-group lightens the colour to yellow or white. Action of Calcium Hydride on Sulphates.-E. Ebler and K. Herrdegen.-When calcium hydride acts on BaSO4+4CaH2 = BaS+4CaO +4Н2. barium sulphate the following reaction Occurs:the sulphate to be reduced is mixed with 4 molecules of If I molecule of calcium hydride the reaction begins without any heating; in a few seconds the mass becomes white hot and the hydrogen generated catches fire and burns with a reddish flame. Many sulphates react with calcium hydride, those of heavy metals sometimes yielding the metal. Lead sulphate reacts with explosion. Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei. Researches on Aromatic Ketones.-Luigi Alessandri. -When diazomethane acts on phenanthrene quinone gas is evolved, and finally an orange-yellow solution is obtained. From this orange crystalline needles, fusing at 167°, can be separated. Their formula is C15H1002, and they are formed molecule of methylene to by the addition of a CH8O2 + CH2N2 = C15H10O2 + N2. molecule of ketone, stable towards permanganate. When it is boiled with an The substance is alcoholic solution of hydroxylamine it is partly converted into two products, the properties of which agree with those of the mono- and dioxime of phenanthrene quinone. a chloride in all proportions; these solutions are stable at low temperatures. With calcium chloride it also gives solid solutions, which decompose on cooling. With the chlorides of barium and strontium it gives eutectics. MISCELLANEOUS. British Association for the Advancement of Science. -The following were the Officers and Committee of Section B (Chemistry) at the Birmingham Meeting of the British Association : Dr. J. HULME - Crystalline liquid Substances. Dr. R. V. WHEELER-The Composition of Coal. Dr. M. G. CHRISTIE-Coking and By-product Recovery from Small Coal. Dr. H. G. COLMAN-The Manufacture of Coal-gas. W. H. PATTERSON-The Improvement of Combustion and Dr. R. LESSING-Smokeless Fuel and Coal Oil,, and their Relation to Smoke Abatement. Alkaline Natural Water on Lead. President-Prof. W. P. Wynne, D.Sc., F.R.S. Committee-Prof. H. E. Armstrong, F.R.S.; Prof. H. Bassett; Prof. P. P. Bedson; Dr. Beilby, F.R.S.; Prof. Bone, F.R.S.; Prof. J. B. Cohen, F.R.S.; Prof. H. B. Dixon, F.R.S.; Dr. J. V. Eyre; Mr. T. Fairley; Prof. A. Findlay; Mr. A. Fleck; Prof. F. Feist; Dr. T. M. Lowry; Dr. A. McKenzie; Dr. R. S. Morrell; Dr. R. H. Pickard; Prof. W. J. Pope, F.R.S.; Dr. T. S. Price; Dr. W. Rosenhain, F.R.S.; Dr. R. E. Slade; Mr. F. Soddy, F.R.S.; Dr. J. F. Thorpe, F.R.S.; Prof. L. Tchugaeff; Sir William A. Tilden, F.R.S. The Papers brought before the Section were as follows: Prof. W. P. WYNNE, F.R.S.-Presidential Address. Prof. J. B. COHEN, F.R.S., and P. K. DUTT-The Progressive Bromination of Toluene. Dr. R. S. MORRELL-The Saturated Acids of Linseed Oil. Dr. C. K. TINKLER-A Series of Mixtures of Nitro-compounds and Amines which are Coloured only in the Liquid State. E. VANSTONE-Influence of Chemical Constitution on the Thermal Properties of Binary Mixtures. Prof. W. M. THORNTON-The Influence of the Presence of Gas on the Inflammability of Coal-dust in Air. H. EHRHARDT-Decomposition Products of Indigo in the Vat. Reports of Research Committee-(a) Hydro-aromatic Substances. (b) Aromatic Nitroamines. (c) Dynamic Isomerism. (d) Plant Enzymes. Dr. W. ROSENHAIN, F.R.S.-The Amorphous Phase in Dr. C. H. DESCH-Further Experiments on Diffusion in F. E. E. LAMPLOUGH and J. T. SCOTT-Some Phenomena in the Formation of Eutectics. Dr. A. HOLT-The Solution of Gases in Metals. | Discussion on Radio-active Elements and the Periodic A. FLECK-The Chemistry of the Radio Elements. Dr. B. DE SZYSZKOWSKI-(1) Neutral Salt Action. (2) Dr. PRIDEAUX-The Hydrogen Ion Concentration of the Discussion on Prof. Bragg's Paper on X-Rays and Radio-active Constituents of Sediment of Thermal Springs at Hokuto, Taiwan.-Masataro Hayakawa and Tomonori Nakano.-It has already been observed that the sediment of the thermal springs at Hokuto is radio-active. The sediment consists chiefly of angleso-barytes, but it contains also small quantities (about o°2 per cent) of cerium and lanthanum. At least three radio-active elements are present in it, viz., ionium, polonium, and radium. The mineral contains no uranium.-Memoirs of the College of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Imperial University, v., 4, 137. = Reactions of Ozone with certain Inorganic Salts.Yoshito Yamauchi.-So far as the author, using a new method of determining the concentration of ozone, could ascertain, ozone is decomposed according to the equation 03 = 30 only in the case of the oxidation of stannous chloride. The decomposition usually occurs according to the equation 03 02+0. When ozone acts on sodium thiosulphate two reactions take place, the ozone first causing the catalytic decomposition of the thiosulphate and then effecting the partial oxidation of the sulphite formed. Ozone very rapidly and completely gives thallic oxide with a thallous salt, and a gravimetric method of determining ozone may be based upon this fact.-Memoirs of the College of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Imperial University, v., 4, 151. Proposed International Rubber Congress and Exhibition at Batavia (Java), September, 1914. E. VANSTONE-The Electrical Conductivities of Sodium The object of the Congress, which will be held from SepAmalgams. F. D. FARROW-The System Copper-Oxygen. R. E. SLADE and G. I. HIGSON-Equilibria of Reduction of Oxides by Carbon. R. E. SLADE and G. I. HIGSON-The Dissociation Pressures of some Nitrides. F. JOHNSON-A Study of the Degradation or Enhancement of Quality of Commercial Copper by the presence of Impurities. Dr. R. H. PICKARD and J. KENYON-Optical Rotatory Powers and Dispersions of the Members of Homologous Series. Dr. T. M. LOWRY-Rotatory Dispersion. Dr. T. S. PATTERSON -(1) The Influence of Temperature and Solution on Rotation. (2) Some Suggestions Regarding the Nomenclature of Optical Activity. Prof. L. TSCHUGAEFF-Anomalous Rotatory Dispersion. Lieut. Col. W. GIFFORD -A Partially Corrected Fluorquartz Lens System for Spectrum Photography. tember 7th to September 12th, is the study of the scientific, economical, technical, and commercial questions which concern the rubber culture and industry. Well-known authorities will be invited to contribute dissertations, and the subjects which are best suited for the purpose will, after they have been reported upon, be brought into debate during the Congress. The Secretary of the Committee, Dr. C. J. J. van Hall, Buitenzorg (Java), will willingly supply any information desired concerning the Congress, a definite programme of which will shortly be issued. The Exhibition will be open from September 8th to October 14th, 1914, and will show how the culture and preparation of rubber is conducted in the principal producing countries. Manufactured rubber goods will also be exhibited and sold. Applications for space should be made before November 1st, 1913, to the Secretary General of the International Rubber Congress and Exhibition, Batavia, 1914, Weltevreden (Java), to whom all correspondence concerning the Exhibition should be addressed. F. E. BECKER & CO., 17-27, HATTON WALL, E.C. NOW READY. E GENERAL INDEX TO THE CHEMICAL NEWS, Vols. 1 to 100 (1860 to 1909). Pp. 712. Price £2. (Carriage extra, weight 3 lbs. 9 ozs). PRESS OPINIONS. "It is, without doubt, the finest example of a General Index which has been published in connection with chemistry." - Chemist and Druggist, May 3, 1913. "It is an excellent compilation, and sure to be of great service to chemical readers generally."-Pharmaceutical Journal, May 10, 1913 "The Chemical News is to be congratulated on having had the courage to undertake and the perseverance to carry out a work of this description. The task has been carried out in a thoroughly workmanlike spirit, and as it contains a key to the history of every development in chemistry during the fifty years covered it should prove extremely useful to everyone interested in science "- - Journal or the Royal Society of Arts, May 23, 1913. "In indexing articles, the spelling and nomenclature originally adopted by the authors has been adhered to... So far as has been noticed, this is the one blot on an excellently planned and finely executed work of a monumental character."-Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists, June, 1913. "The Index under review is one that will be necessary to every reader of the Chemical News, and, indeed, will be useful to all chemists, giving, as it does, references to so many subjects, such as university intelligence, &c., which are found in perhaps no other chemical journal."-Nature, June 19, 1913. 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