"The sixth Combination doth comprehend such Prepositions as are applicable both to Motion and Rest, relating to the situation of some third thing spoken of, which the Speaker considers as being

Higher or Lower then that third thing, denoting a contiguity or nearness to it

In the intermediate space unto two other things, or opposite to one of them, BETWIXT, BETWEEN

AGAINST, OVER against

Inter.
Adversus.

"For the clearer explication of these Local Prepositions, I shall refer to this following Diagram. In which by the Oval Figures are represented the Prepositions determined to Motion, wherein the Acuter part doth point out the tendency of that motion. The Squares are intended to signifie rest, or the Term of Motion. And by the Round figures are represented such relative Prepositions, as may indifferently refer to Motion or Rest.

"Some of those Prepositions, viz. Above, Below, Before, After, are by common Analogy applicable to signifie comparison, which use being generally received and the words having in them a natural suitableness to this purpose, there is no danger of any ambiguity.

"Several of the Prepositions are sometimes used Adverbially, as Ante, Post, Præter, Contra, Inter, Infra, &c. which when it happens, the sense will easily distinguish. The difference between these two parts of speech, Prepositions and Adverbs, being so nice, that 'tis hard in some cases to distinguish them; upon which 'tis questioned, whether every Preposition as it compounds á Verb, do not put on the nature of an Adverb; and it seems to be so, because it Modifies the Act after the same manner as Adverbs do, as in the words Præficio, Benefacio, &c."

OF PREFIXES.

It is repeated concurrence that leads to the combination of the elementary syllables of words, and constitutes in one vocable what had originally been two. Prepositions are so generally attendant on nouns that the separation is gradually disregarded; and, accordingly, they form the far greater part of the Prefixes of the English tongue. It is hence that we have Income, outgoings, BEFOREmentioned, AFTERmentioned, &c. besides a numerous class adopted from the prepositions of other nations. To exhibit the force and effect of these various prefixes is our present object:

'A stone

Motion proceeds by beginning at one point and ending at another. falls,' but there is a place where it began to fall, and there is another where it will stop. These places are denominated by nouns, but some qualification must necessarily be adjected to denote the use to which they are applied: 'the stone falls, beginning at the window and ending at the ground.' Words synonymous with beginning and end, when speaking of the place or time of action, must therefore be frequently employed. They point out certain relations, or situations, of the agent, and consequently they come under the class of prepositions. In English, FROM and To are, in the sense we have mentioned, equivalent to beginning and end: 'The stone falls from the window to the ground.' The origin of these particles has already been investigated. FROM is FORE, beginning, author, or source. To is Ar-the end, or completion, of an action. From and to may be used where there has been no progression, as, 'the lamp hangs FROM the ceiling,' and the grease sticks to the floor.' In the former case, the ceiling is the place where the attachment commences; and, in the latter, the floor is the place on which the grease has fallen, and to which it adheres. From is, in some cases, synonymous with cause, as, 'he loved from habit.' This is merely a different view of the word, as denoting origin, or source. His love arose or began at habit,-habit was the source, or cause, of his love.

From and to are seldom, if ever, used as PREFIXES, that is, as initial syllables in compound words; but many of our other prepositions (as in, with, &c.) are employed in both capacities. On the other hand, there are certain prefixes, as en, re, &c. that are never written except in composition; and which, on that account, are termed INSEPARABLE PREPOSITIONS. All those prefixes which are attached to words that have been imported from other languages are, with us,

inseparable; although many of them were separable prepositions, in their native soil.

APO. The Greek apo, whether single or in composition, corresponds with our from, and compound words with this prefix are all of Greek extraction. An APOSTLE (Greek aposolos from sello, or stello, I send,) signifies a messenger, or one sent from another; but, having come to us through the church, it is confined, in its application, to the higher species of religious missions. The APOCALYPSE (αwoxαλvic) or Revelations of St. John, is a noun compounded of apo and kalypto, to cover, as with a veil. The apo, or from, is in this case equivalent to the prefix UN, and denotes the removing or withdrawing of the veil, which is also the meaning of the Latin revelare, to reveal.

A, AB, or ABS, is a Latin preposition which, in composition, is thus variously written, according to the initials of the words to which it is prefixed. Ab is written before a vowel; Abs before c or t; and A before every other consonant. This prefix has the effect of from, and is referred, by the Latin etymologists, to the Greek apo. In English, To ABSTAIN is to hold from; To ABSTRACT is to draw from; To AVERT is to turn from; and To ABSOLVE is to free from: compounded from the Latin verbs tenere, to hold; trahere, to draw; vertere to turn; and solvere to free, or loosen.

A or AN, privative. It is evident that what have been termed inseparable prepositions modify the words to which they are joined, only by a reference to other words in the sentence. To Abstract, to draw from, must point by its preposition to some object from whence the thing drawn had its origin. If this source, or FROM, be not expressed, the compound is left indefinite, and denotes the action in general. A, Ab, or Abs, is usually prefixed to verbs or their derivatives; and, in such situations, will naturally suggest the idea of separation, or distance, which the preposition alone does by no means represent. In this view it is, in some cases, united to nouns and qualities, marking the thing which proceeds, or is taken away from something else. The Greek A had this privative power. Bubos, bythos, signifies a bottom. The Ionic dialect changed the th into ss, and hence, with A, privative, was formed Aßurros, Abyssos, wanting a bottom, the origin of our ABYSS. The Latin synonyme is profundum, from fundus, a bottom, or foundation, and pro, before, metaphorically away from, or distant. To avoid the hiatus the Greeks interposed an n between succeeding vowels, and it is therefore that A becomes An in ANARCHY, which