ner. Hence the proverbial expression Μυσῶν λεία, used by Demosthenes (De Cor., p. 248, 23) and Aristotle (Rhet., 1, 12, 20), to which Cicero also alludes when he says, "Quid porro in Græco sermone tam tritum atque celebratum est. quam, si quis despicatui ducitur, ut Mysorum ultimus esse dicatur?” (Pro Flacc., c. 27.) Elsewhere the same writer describes them as a tribe of barbarians, without taste for literature and the arts of civilized life. (Orat., c. 8.-Cramer's Asia Minor, vol. 1, p. 30, seqq.) MYSIUS, a river of Mysia, which falls into the Caï cus near the source of the latter river. Mannert takes it for the true Caïcus in the early part of its course. (Geogr., vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 397.) MYSTES, a son of the poet Valgius, whose early death was so deeply lamented by the father that Horace wrote an ode to allay the grief of his friend. (Horat., Od., 2, 9.) MYTILENE. Vid. Mitylene. ube, where the original race maintained itself under | plundered by their neighbours in the most passive manthe name of Mosi, by which they were known to the Romans for several centuries after the Christian era. (Strab., 303.-Artem., ap. eund., 571.) Nor is that opinion at variance with the tradition which looked upon this people as of a kindred race with the Carians and Lydians, since these two nations were likewise supposed to have come from Thrace (Herod., 1, 172.Strab., 659); nor with another, which regarded them in particular as descended from the Lydians, in whose language the word mysos signified "a beech," which tree, it was farther observed, abounded in the woods of the Mysian Olympus. Strabo, who has copied these particulars from Xanthus the Lydian, and Menecrates of Elæa, states also, on their authority, that the Mysian dialect was a mixture of those of Phrygia and Lydia. (Strab., 572.)-We may collect from Herodotus that the Mysians were already a numerous and powerful people before the Trojan war, since he speaks of a vast expedition having been undertaken by them, in conjunction with the Teucri, into Europe, in MYUS (gen. Myuntis), the smallest of all the Ionian the course of which they subjugated the whole of Thrace cities, as appears from its only contributing three vesand Macedonia, as far as the Peneus and the Ionian sels to the united fleet of 350 sail. (Herod, 6, 8.) It Sea. (Herod., 7, 20, 75.) Subsequently, however, was situate, according to Strabo, on the southern bank to this period, the date of which is very remote and of the Mæander, thirty stadia from its mouth. (Strab., uncertain, it appears that the Mysi were confined in 636.) The Meander was not navigable for large ves Asia Minor within limits which correspond but lit- sels, and to this circumstance may principally be astle with such extensive conquests. Strabo is inclined cribed the inferior rank of Myus among her Ionian sisto suppose that their primary seat in that country was ters in point of opulence and power. The inundations the district which surrounds Mount Olympus, whence of the river, too, must have been very injurious. Myus he thinks they were afterward driven by the Phrygians, was founded by the Ionians about the same time with and forced to retire to the banks of the Caïcus, where Priene (Pausan., 7, 2), and was subsequently under the Arcadian Telephus became their king. (Eurip., the immediate sway of the Persians, since it was one ap. Aristot., Rhet., 3, 2.-Strab., 572.-Hygin., fab., of the cities given by Artaxerxes to Themistocles. 101.) But it appears from Herodotus that they still (Diod. Sic., 11, 57.) The city afterward sank greatoccupied the Olympian district in the time of Croesus, ly in importance. It became subjected also to a very whose subjects they had become, and whose aid they annoying kind of visitation. The sea would seem to requested to destroy the wild boar which ravaged their have formed originally a small bay as far as Myus. country (1, 36). Strabo himself also recognises the This bay, in process of time, became converted by the division of this people into the Mysians of Mount Olym- depositions of the Mæander into a fresh-water lake, pus and those of the Caïcus (571). These two dis- and so great a number of gnats was in consequence tricts answer respectively to the Mysia Minor and Ma- produced, that the inhabitants of the city determined jor of Ptolemy. Homer enumerates the Mysi among to migrate. The Ionian confederacy, upon this, transthe allies of Priam in several passages, but he nowhere ferred the vote and the population of Myus to the city defines their territory, or even names their towns; in of Miletus. (Pausan., 7, 2.)—The ruins of Myus are one place, indeed, he evidently assigns to them a sit-called at the present day Palatsha (the Palace), from uation among the Thracians of Europe. (I., 13, 5.) -The Mysians of Asia had become subject to the Lydian monarchs in the reign of Alyattes, father to Cræsus, and perhaps earlier, as appears from a passage of Nicolaus Damascenus, who reports that Crosus had been appointed to the government of the territory of Adramyttium and the Theban plain during NABATHAA, a country of Arabia Petræa. It exthe reign of his father. (Creuzer, Hist. Frag., p. tended from the Euphrates to the Sinus Arabicus. 203.) Strabo even affirms that Troas was already The Nabathaans are scarcely known in Scripture unsubjected in the reign of Gyges. (Strab., 590.) On til the time of the Maccabees. Their name is supthe dissolution of the Lydian empire, they passed, to- posed to be derived from that of Nebaioth, son of Ishgether with the other nations of Asia, under the Per- mael. (Genesis, 25, 13.—Ibid., 28, 9.—Isaiah,70, 7.) sian dominion, and formed part of the third satrapy in-In the time of Augustus they were a powerful peothe division made by Darius. (Herod., 3, 90.-Id., ple; but their kingdom, of which Petra was the cap7, 74.) After the death of Alexander they were an-ital, ended about the reign of Trajan. At a still later nexed to the Syrian empire; but, on the defeat of Antiochus, the Romans rewarded the services of Eumenes, king of Pergamus, with the grant of a district so conveniently situated with regard to his own dominions, NABIS, a tyrant of Lacedæmon, who usurped the suand which he had already occupied with his forces. preme power after the death of Machanidas, B.C. 205. (Polyb., 22, 27.— Liv., 38, 39.) At a later period, He appears to have been a man surpassing all former Mysia was annexed to the Roman proconsular prov- tyrants in the monstrous and unheard of wickedness ince (Cic., Ep. ad Quint. Fr., 1, 8); but under the that characterized his rule. From the very first he emperors it formed a separate district, and was govern-deliberately grounded his power on a regular system of ed by a procurator. (Athenæus, 9, p. 398, e.) It is rapine and bloodshed; he slew or banished all in Sparto be observed, also, that St. Luke, in the Acts, dis-ta who were distinguished either for birth or fortune, and tinguishes Mysia from the neighbouring provinces of Bithynia and Troas (16, 7, seq.).-The Greeks have stigmatized the Mysians as a cowardly and imbecile race, who would suffer themselves to be injured and the remains of an ancient theatre, mistaken by the present inhabitants around for the ruins of a palace. (Man· nert, Geogr., vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 262, seqq.) N. period their territory belonged to Palæstina Tertia. Nabathæa appears to correspond to the modern Hedschas. (Mannert, Geogr., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 165, seqq.) distributed their wives and their estates among his own mercenaries, to whom he entirely trusted for support. His extortions were boundless, and death with torture was the penalty of refusal. No source of gain was too mean for him or too iniquitous. He partook in NABONASSAR, a king of Babylon, who lived about the piracies of the Cretans, who were infamous for the middle of the 8th century before the Christian era, that practice; and he maintained a sort of alliance and who gave name to what called the Nabonassawith the most noted thieves and assassins in the Pelo- rian era. The origin of this era is thus represented ponnesus, on the condition that they should admit him by Syncellus from the accounts of Polyhistor and Beto a share in their gains, while he should give them rosus, the earliest writers extant in Chaldæan history refuge and protection in Sparta whenever they needed and antiquities. "Nabonassar, having collected the it. It is said that he invented a species of automaton, acts of his predecessors, destroyed them, in order that made to resemble his wife, and that he availed himself the computation of the reigns of the Chaldæan kings of this as an instrument of torture to wrest their wealth might be made from himself." (Syncell., Chronofrom his victims. Whenever he had summoned any graph., p. 207.) It began, therefore, with the reign opulent citizen to his palace, in order to procure from of Nabonassar (Febr. 26, B.C. 747). The form of him a sum of money for the pretended exigences of the year employed in it is the moveable year of 365 days, state, if the latter was unwilling to loan, "Perhaps,' consisting of 12 equal months of 30 days, and five Nabis would say, "I do not myself possess the talent supernumerary days; which was the year in common requisite for persuading you, but I hope that Apega use among the Chaldæans, Egyptians, Armenians, (this was the name of his wife) will prove more suc- Persians, and the principal Oriental nations from the cessful." He then caused the horrid machine to be earliest times. This year ran through all the seasons brought in, which, catching the unfortunate victim in in the course of 1461 years. The freedom of the Naits embrace, pierced him with sharp iron points con- bonassarean year from intercalation rendered it pecucealed beneath its splendid vestments, and tortured liarly convenient for astronomical calculation. Hence him into compliance by the most excruciating suffer- it was adopted by the early Greek astronomers Timoings.-Philip, king of Macedon, being at war with the chares and Hipparchus; and by those of the AlexanRomans, made an alliance with Nabis, and resigned drean school, Ptolemy, &c. In consequence of this, into his hands the city of Argos as a species of de- the whole historical catalogue of reigns has been composite. Introduced into this place during the night, monly, though improperly, called Ptolemy's canon; the tyrant plundered the wealthy citizens, and sought because he probably continued the original table of to seduce the lower orders by proposing a general abo- Chaldæan and Persian kings, and added thereto the lition of debts and a distribution of lands. Foresee- Egyptian and Roman down to his own time. (Hale's ing, however, not long after this, that the issue of the Analysis of Chronology, vol. 1, p. 155, seqq., 8vo ed.) war would prove unfavourable for Philip, he entered-Foster, in his epistle concerning the Chaldæans, as into secret negotiations with the Romans in order to given by Michaelis (Spicilegium Geographie Hebræassure himself of the possession of Argos. This per-orum, vol. 2, p. 102), seeks to explain the name Nabofidy, however, was unsuccessful; and Flamininus the nassar on the supposition of an affinity between the Roman commander, after having concluded a peace ancient Chaldee language and the Sclavonic tongue. with the King of Macedon, advanced to lay siege to According to him, it is equivalent to Nebu-nash-izar, Sparta. The army which Nabis sent against him hav-which means, Our Lord in Heaven. This etymology ing been defeated, and the Romans and their allies having entered Laconia and made themselves masters of Gythium, Nabis was forced to submit, and, besides surrendering Argos, had to accept such terms as the Roman commander was pleased to impose. Humiliated by these reverses, he thought of nothing but regaining his former power, and the Roman army had hardly retired from Laconia before his emissaries were actively employed in inducing the maritime cities to revolt. At last he took up arms and laid siege to Gythium. The Achæans sent a fleet to the succour of the place, under the command of Philopomen; but the latter was defeated by Nabis in a naval engagement, who thereupon pressed the siege of Gythium with redoubled vigour, and finally made himself master of the place. The tyrant, however, not long after this, experienced a total defeat near Sparta from the land forces of Philopomen, and was compelled to shut himself up in his capital, while the Achæan commander ravaged Laconia for thirty days, and then led home his army. Meanwhile Nabis was continually urging the Etolians, whom he regarded as his allies, to come to his aid, and this latter people finally sent a body of troops, under the command of Alexamenus; but they sent also secret orders along with this leader to despatch Nabis himself on the first opportunity. Taking advantage of NÆVIUS, I. Cnæus, a native of Campania, was the a review-day, on which occasions Nabis was wont to first imitator of the regular dramatic works which had ride about the field attended by only a few followers, been produced by Livius Andronicus. He served in Alexamenus executed his instructions, and slew Na- the first Punic war, and his earliest plays were reprebis, with the aid of some chosen Ætolian horsemen, sented at Rome in A.U.C. 519, B.C. 235. (Aul. Gell., who had been directed by the council at home to obey 17, 21.) The names of his tragedies (of which as few any orders which Alexamenus might give them. The fragments remain as of those of Livius) are still preEtolian commander, however, did not reap the advan- served: Alcestis, from which there is yet extant a detage which he expected from this treachery; for, while scription of old age in rugged and barbarous verse, he himself was searching the treasury of the tyrant, Danäe, Dulorestes, Hesiona, Hector, Iphigenia, Lyand his followers were pillaging the city, the inhabi-curgus, Phanissa, Protesilaus, and Telephus. All tants fell upon them and cut them to pieces. Sparta these were translated or closely imitated from the thereupon joined the Achæan league. (Plut., Vit. works of Euripides, Anaxandrides, and other Greek Philop-Pausan., 7, 8.--Biogr. Univ., v. 30, p. 517.) dramatists. Nævius, however, was accounted a bet has been impugned by some, on the ground that the Russian term for emperor or king is written Czar, and is nothing more than a corruption for Cæsar. Unfortunately, however for this very plausible objection, the Russian term in question is written with an initial Tsui or T's (Tsar), and cannot, therefore, by any possibility, come from Cæsar. (Consult Schmidt's Russian and German Dict., s. v.) NABOPOLASSAR, a king of Babylon, who united with Astyages against Assyria, which country they conquered, and, having divided it between them, founded two kingdoms, that of the Medes under Astyages, and that of the Chaldeans under Nabopolassar, B.C. 626. Necho, king of Egypt, jealous of the power of the latter, declared war against and defeated him. Nabopolassar died after a reign of 21 years. The name, according to Foster, is equivalent to Nebu-polezi-tzar, which means, Our Lord dwells in Heaven. (Consult remarks near the close of the article Nabonassar.) NENIA OF NENIA, a goddess among the Romans who presided over funerals. She had a chapel without the Porta Viminalis. (Festus, s. v. — -Compare Arnob., 4, p. 131.-Augustin., de Civ. Dei, 6, 9.)— The term is more commonly employed to denote a funeral-dirge. (Festus, s. v.) Völker des Alten Teutschlands), they dwelt in what is now Upper Lusatia and Silesia. Wilhelm, however (Germanien und Seine Bewohner), places them in Poland on the Vistula, and Reichard between the Wartha and Vistula. Nymphæ.) NAISSUS, a city of Dacia Mediterranea, southwest of Ratiaria. It was the birthplace of Constantine the Great. Reichard identifies it with the modern Nezza or Nissa, in the southern part of Servia. The name is sometimes written Naisus and Naesus. (Const. Porphyr., de Them., 2, 9.-Zosim., 3, 11.—Anton., Itin., p. 134.-Amm. Marcell., 21, 10.) ter comic than tragic poet. Cicero has given us some specimens of his jests, with which he appears to have been greatly amused; but they consist rather in unexpected turns of expression, or a play of words, than in genuine humour. Nævius, in some of his comedies, indulged too much in personal invective and satire, NAIADES, certain inferior deities who presided over especially against the elder Scipio. Encouraged by rivers, brooks, springs, and fountains. Their name is the silence of this illustrious individual, he next at- derived from vaiw, "to flow," as indicative of the gentacked the patrician family of the Metelli. The poet tle motion of water. The Naiades are generally reprewas thrown into prison for this last offence, where he sented as young and beautiful virgins, leaning upon an wrote his comedies, the Hariolus and Leontes. These urn, from which flows a stream of water. They were being in some measure intended as a recantation of held in great veneration among the ancients, and sachis former invectives, he was liberated by the tribunes rifices of goats and lambs were offered them, with libaof the commons. Relapsing soon after, however, into tions of wine, honey, and oil. Sometimes they rehis former courses, and continuing to satirize the no-ceived only offerings of milk, fruit, and flowers. (Vid. bility, he was driven from Rome by their influence, and retired to Carthage, where he died, according to Cicero, A.U.C. 550, B.C. 204; but Varro fixes his death somewhat later.-Besides his comedies, Nævius was also author of the Cyprian Iliad, a translation from a Greek poem called the Cyprian Epic. Whoever may have written this Cyprian Epic, it contained 12 books, and was probably a work of amorous and romantic fiction. It commenced with the nuptials of Thetis and Peleus; it related the contention of the three goddesses on Mount Ida; the fables concerning Palamedes; the story of the daughters of Anius; and the love adventures of the Phrygian fair during the early period of the siege of Troy; and it terminated with the council of the gods, at which it was resolved that Achilles should be withdrawn from the war, by sowing dissensions between him and Atrides. -Some modern critics think that the Cyprian Iliad was rather the work of Lævius, a poet who lived some time after Nævius, since the lines preserved from the Cyprian Iliad are hexameters; a measure not elsewhere used by Nævius, nor introduced into Italy, ac- NAR, a river of Italy, rising at the foot of Mount cording to their supposition, before the time of Ennius. Fiscellus, in that part of the chain of the Apennines (Osann, Analect. Crit., p. 36.-Hermann, Elem. which separates the Sabines from Picenum (Plin., 3, Doctr. Metr., p. 210, ed. Glasg.)-A metrical chron- 12), and, after receiving the Velinus and several other icle, which chiefly related the events of the first Punic smaller rivers, falling into the Tiber near Ocriculum. war, was another, and probably the last work of Navi- (Virg., En., 7, 516.-Sil. Ital., 8, 453.) The modus, since Cicero says (De Senect., c. 14) that in wri-ern name is the Nera. It was noted for its sulphurous ting it he filled up the leisure of his latter days with stream and the whitish colour of its waters. (Virg., wonderful complacency and satisfaction. It was ori- c.-Sil. Ital., l. c.—Plin., 3, 5, 12.) "The Nera," ginally undivided; but, after his death, was separated says Eustace, "forms the southern boundary of Uminto seven books. (Suet., de Illustr. Gramm.)—Al-bria, and traverses, in its way to Narni, about nine though the first Punic war was the principal subject, as appears from its announcement, ‘Qui terraï Latiaï hemones tuserunt Vires fraudesque Poinicas fabor," NAMNETES OF NANNĒTES (Strab. Nauviraí.-Ptol. Nauvnraí), a people of Gallia Celtica, on the north bank of the Liger ot Loire, near its mouth. Their capital was Condivicnum, afterward Namnetes, now Nantes (Nantz). Their city is sometimes (as in Greg. Tur., 6, 15) called Civitas Namnetica. NANTUATES, a people of Gallia Narbonensis, on the south of the Lacus Lemanus or Lake of Geneva. (Cas., B. G., 4, 10.) NAPEE, certain divinities among the ancients who presided over the forests and groves. Their name is derived from vánη, "a grove." (Virgil, Georg., 4, 535.) miles distant, a vale of most delightful appearance. yet it also afforded a rapid sketch of the preceding inci-beauty." (Classical Tour, vol. 1, p. 334.) NAHARVALI, a people of Germany, ranked by Tacitus under the Lygi (Germ., 43). According to Kruse (Archiv für alle Geographie) and Wersebe (über die NARBO MARTIUS, a city of Gaul, in the southern section of the country, and southwest of the mouths of the Rhone. It was situate on the river Atax (or Aude), and became, by means of this stream, a seaport and a place of great trade. Narbo was one of the oldest cities of the land, and had a very extensive commerce long before the Romans established themselves in this quarter. Avienus (Or. Marit., v. 585) makes it the capital of the unknown tribe of the Elesyces. The situation of this place appeared so favourable to the Romans, that they sent a colony to it before they had even firmly established themselves in the surrounding country, A.U.C. 636. (Vell. Paterc., 1, 15.-Eutrop., 4, 3.) The immediate cause of this settlement was the want of a good harbour on this coast, and of a place also that might afford the necessary supplies to their armies when marching along the Gallic shore into Spain. (Polyb., 3, 39.) At a later period, after the time of Cæsar, Narbo became the capital of the entire province, which took from it the appellation of Narbonensis. This distinction probably would not have been obtained by it had not Massilia (Marseille) been declared a free and independent community by the Romans.As a Roman colony, this place took | compelling him. to go to the baths of Campania for his the name of Narbo Martius. In the time of Cæsar health; and, having taken advantage of his absence it was called also Decumanorum Colonia, from that from Rome to poison the emperor, she next compelled commander's having sent thither as colonists, at the Narcissus to put himself to death. (Tacit., Ann., 11, close of the civil contest, the remnant of his favour-29.-Id. ib., 11, 37.—Id. ib., 12, 57.—Id. ib., 13, 1. ite tenth legion. (Sueton., Tib., 4.) It continued a-Sueton., Vit. Claud.) flourishing commercial city until a late period, as it NARISCI, a nation of Germany, occupying what now is praised by writers who lived when the power of the corresponds to the northern part of Upper Pfalz in Roman capital itself had become greatly diminished. the Palatinate. (Tacit., Germ., 42.) (Ausonius, de Clar. Urb., 13.-Sidonius, carm., 23.) NARNIA, a town of Umbria, on the river Nar, a short The remains of the canal constructed by the Romans distance above its junction with the Tiber. The more for connecting the waters of the Atax with the sea by ancient name was Nequinum, which it exchanged for means of the lake Rubresus, clearly prove the ancient Narnia when a Roman colony was sent hither, A.U.C. power and opulence of Narbo. This city owed its 453. (Liv., 10, 9, seqq.) The story of the name downfall, along with so many others, to the inroads of Nequinum having been given to it in sport by the Rothe barbarous nations. It is now Narbonne. (Man-mans, on account of the roguery of its inhabitants (nenert, Geogr., vol. 2, p. 63, seqq.) quam, "a rogue"), is a mere fiction.-Narnia was colNARBONENSIS GALLIA, one of the great divisions onized with the view of serving as a point of defence of Gaul under the Romans, deriving its name from the against the Umbri. Many years after, we find it incity of Narbo, its capital. It was situate in the south-curring the censure of the senate for its want of zeal ern and southeastern quarter of the country, and was during the emergencies of the second Punic war. bounded on the east by Gallia Cisalpina, being sep-(Livy, 29, 15.) The situation of the place on a lofty arated from it by the Varus or Var (Plin., 3, 4); on the north by the Lacus Lemanus or Lake of Geneva, the Rhone, and Gallia Lugdunensis; on the west by Aquitania; and on the south by the Mediterranean and Pyrenees. It embraced what was afterward the northwestern part of Savoy, Dauphine, Provence; the western part of Languedoc, together with the country along the Rhone, and the eastern part of Gascony. (Vid. Gallia.) hill, at the foot of which flows the Nar, has been described by several poets. (Claud., 6.-Cons., Hon., 515.-Sil. Ital., 8, 458.-Martial, 7, 92.) In the passage of Martial just referred to, the poet alludes to the noble bridge raised over the Nar by Augustus, the arch of which was said to be the highest known. (Procop., Rer. Got., 1.) The modern Narni occupies the site of the ancient town. Travellers speak in high terms of the beautiful situation of the place. (Cramer's Anc. Italy, vol. 1, p. 277, seqq.) NARO, now Narenta, a river of Dalmatia, rising in the mountains of Bosnia, and falling into the Adriatic opposite the island of Lesina. (Plin., 3, 22.) On its banks lay the city of Narona, a Roman colony of some note. (Scylax, p. 9.-Mela, 2, 3.) Its ruins should be sought for in the vicinity of Castel Norin. (Mannert, Geogr., vol. 7, p. 347.) NARCISSUS, I. a beautiful youth, son of the river-god Cephisus and the nymph Liriope, was born at Thespis in Boeotia. He saw his image reflected in a fountain, and, becoming enamoured of it, pined away till he was changed into the flower that bears his name. This was regarded in poetic legends as a just punishment upon him for his hard-heartedness towards Echo and other nymphs and maidens. (Ovid, Met., 3, 341, seqq. -Hygin., fab., 271.) According to the version of NARSES, a eunuch of the court of the Emperor Justhis fable given by Eudocia (p. 304), Narcissus threw tinian I. at Constantinople. The place of his birth is himself into the fountain and was drowned (ppuper unknown. He so ingratiated himself with the emperἑαυτὸν ἐκεῖ, καὶ ἐπεπνίγη τῷ ἐνόπτρῳ ὕδατι). Pau- or, that he appointed him his chamberlain and private sanias, after ridiculing the common legend, mentions treasurer. In A.D. 538 he was placed at the head of another, which, according to him, was less known than an army destined to support Belisarius in the expulthe one we have just given. This latter version of sion of the Ostrogoths from Italy; but the dissensions the story made Narcissus to have had a twin-sister of which soon arose between him and Belisarius occasionremarkable beauty, to whom he was tenderly attached. ed his recall. Nevertheless, in 552 he was again sent She resembled him very closely in features, wore sim- to Italy, to check the progress of Totila the Goth, and, ilar attire, and used to accompany him on the hunt. after vanquishing Totila, he captured Rome. He also This sister died young; and Narcissus, deeply lament- conquered Tejas, whom the Goths had chosen king in ing her death, used to go to a neighbouring fount- the place of Totila, and, in the spring of 554, Bucellinus, ain and gaze upon his own image in its waters, the the leader of the Alemanni. After Narses had cleared strong resemblance he bore to his deceased sister nearly all Italy of the Ostrogoths and other barbarians, making this image appear to him, as it were, the form he was appointed governor of the country, and ruled it of her whom he had lost. (Pausan., 9, 31, 6.)-The fifteen years. During this time he endeavoured to enflower alluded to in the story of Narcissus is what bot-rich the treasury by all the means in his power, and anists term the "Narcissus poeticus" (Linn., gen., 550). It loves the borders of streams, and is admirably personified in the touching legends of poetry; since, bending on its fragile stem, it seems to seek its own image in the waters that run murmuring by, and soon fades away and dies. (Fée, Flore de Virgile, p. cxvii.)-II. Á freedman of the Emperor Claudius. He afterward became his private secretary, and in the exercise of this office acquired immense riches by the most odious means. Messalina, jealous of his power, endeavoured to remove him, but her own vices made her fall an easy victim to this unprincipled man. (Vid. Messalina.) Agrippina, however, was more successful. She was irritated at his having endeavoured to prevent her ascending the imperial throne; while Narcissus, on his side, espoused the interests of the young Britannicus, and urged Claudius to name him as his successor. Apprized of these plans, Agrippina drove Narcissus into a kind of temporary exile, by excited the discontent of the provinces subject to him, who laid their complaints before the Emperor Justinian II. Narses was deposed in disgrace, and sought revenge by inviting the Lombards to invade Italy, which they did in 568, under Alboin their king. Muratori and others have doubted whether Narses was concerned in the invasion of the Lombards. After his deposition he lived at Naples, and died at an advanced age," at Rome, in 567. (Encyclop. Am., vol. 9, p. 136.) NARYCIUM OF NARYX, a city of the Locri Opuntii, rendered celebrated by the birth of Ajax, son of Oïleus. (Strabo, 425.) From Diodorus we learn that Ismenias, a Boeotian commander, having collected a force of nianes and Athamanes, whom he had seduced from the Lacedæmonian service, invaded Phocis, and defeated its inhabitants near Naryx (14, 82). The same historian afterward relates, that Phayllus, the Phocian, having entered the Locrian territory, surprised the town of Naryx, which he razed to the ground.-Virgil applies the epithet "Narycian" to the Locri who settled in Italy, as having been of the Opuntian stock. (En., 3, 396.) the midst. Pliny's information is still more explicit, and tends to corroborate our suggestion. He tells us that Suetonius Paulinus, the Roman general, after crossing the western Atlas, and a black, dirty plain beyond it (dry morass or peat-moss, of which we understand there is plenty), fell in with a river running to the eastward, which he (Pliny) calls the Niger, probably from the black people or the black soil, and which is stated to lose itself in the sands; and which, according to Pliny, emerging again, flows on to the eastward, divides the Libyans from the Ethiopians, and finally falls into the Nile. Now the Taflet, which flows from the southern side of the snowy Atlas, crossed by the Roman general, runs in an eastern course, and loses itself in the sands; and the Ad-judi, which rises from the same side, or the Central Atlas (in Mauritania Cæsariensis), and runs easterly into the as the continuation of the Tafilet or his Niger; and it is sufficiently remarkable that this river, or some other of the numerous streams in the neighbourhood, should, according to Leo Africanus, be called the Ghir, which, it seems, is a native name. Here, then, we have at once the foundation for the Geir and Nigeir of Ptolemy, supplied to him by Pliny." (Quarterly Review, No. 82, p. 233, seqq.) NASICA, I. a surname of one of the Scipios. (Vid. Scipio V.)-II. A character delineated by Horace in one of his satires. Nasica, a mean and avaricious man, marries his daughter to Coranus, who was a creditor of his, in the hope that his new son-in-law will either forgive him the debt at once, or else will leave him a legacy to that amount in his will, which would, of course, be a virtual release. He is disappointed in both these expectations. Coranus makes his will and hands it to his father-in-law, with a request that he will read it: the latter, after repeatedly declining so to do, at last consents, and finds, to his surprise and mortification, no mention made in the instrument of any bequest to him or his. (Horat., Sat., 2, 5, 65.) NASAMONES, a people of Africa, to the southeast of Cyrenaica, and extending along the coast as far as the midd'e of the Syrtis Major. (Compare Herod., 4, 172.) They were a roving race, uncivilized in their habits, and noted for their robberies in the case of all vessels thrown on the quicksands. They plundered the cargoes and sold the crews as slaves, and hence Lucan (9, 444) remarks of them, that, without a single vessel ever seeking their shores, they yet carried on a traffic with all the world. Augustus ordered an expedition to be sent against them, both in consequence of their numerous robberies, and because they had put to death a Roman prefect. They were soon conquered; and Dionysius Periegetes (v. 208) speaks of the "deserted dwellings of the destroyed Nasamones" (pn-lake Melgig, might very well be considered by Pliny μωθέντα μέλαθρα ἀποφθιμένων Νασαμώνων). They were not, however, completely destroyed, for we find the race again appearing in their former places of abode, and resuming their former habits of plunder, until in the reign of Domitian they were completely chased away from the coast into the desert. (Euseb., Chron., Ol., 216, 2.-Josephus, Bell., 2, 16.)-Some mention has been made, in another part of this work (vid. Africa, page 81, col. 1), of a journey performed through part of the interior of Africa by certain young men of the Nasainones; and the opinions of some able writers have been given on this subject. The following remarks, however, of a late critic may be compared with what is stated under the article Niger. Herodotus says that the Nasamones went through the deserts of Libya; and that he may not be misunderstood as to what he means by Libya, which is sometimes put for Africa, he states distinctly that it extends from Egypt to the promontory of Soloe's, where it terminates; that it is inhabited by various nations besides the Grecians and Phoenicians; that, next to this, the country is abandoned to beasts of prey, and that all beyond is desert; that the young Nasamones, having passed the desert of Libya (not Sahara), came to a region with trees, on which were perched men of little stature; that they were conducted by them over morasses to a city on a great river, running from the west towards the rising sun; that the people were black, and enchanters, &c. Now it is perfectly clear to us that the country alluded to by Herodotus was no other than Mauritania, and NASUS or NESUs, a town or fortress near Eniada that the notion of their having crossed the great des- in Acarnania. The name evidently implies an insular ert, and reached the Niger about Timbuctoo, is found- situation. Livy (26, 24; 38, 11) writes it Naxos; ed entirely on a misrepresentation of his quoters and but that is probably a false reading. From the aceditors, some of whom make the course of the young counts of ancient writers, Nasos seems always to men to have been southwest, contrary to what Herodo- have been included with Eniada in the cessions of tus says, and for no other reason that we can devise but the latter place, made by the Romans first to the Etothat such a course was required to bring them to a pre-lians, and afterward to the Acarnanians. (Polyb., 9, determined city and river, known to the moderns, but not to Herodotus. Herodotus, however, sanctions no such notion; he distinctly states, on the contrary, that they proceeded to the west, pòs Zéovpov ůvεμov, words that are never applied to any portion of the compass lying between west and south, the word Zephyrus, in Latin as well as in Greek, being used exclusively for west, and Aí generally for southwest. If we will only let Herodotus tell his own story, we shall find in those parts of the Emperor of Morocco's dominions, situated between the Great Atlas and the Sahara, plenty of rivers, two of them, the Tafilet and the Ad-judi, both running to the east, and both great rivers in the eyes of men who had never witnessed a running stream; we shall also find cities and towns, intervening deserts, morasses, sands, and black men of small stature, the modern Berbers, the ancient Melanogætuli, omnes colore nigri, to answer the description of Herodotus; who says, moreover, that his river, which he calls the Nile, not only descends from Libya, but traverses all Libya, dividing that country in NASIDIENUS (by synæresis Nasid-yenus, a quadrisyllable), a character satirized by Horace. Under this feigned name the poet describes an entertainer of bad taste and mean habits affecting the manners of the higher classes. (Sat., 2, 8.) NASO. Vid. Ovidius. 2.) If Trigardon be not Eniadæ, it may represent Nasos, which was probably the port and arsenal of Eniada; and, though now joined to the continent, might very well have been an island in ancient times. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 2, p. 26.) NATISO, a river of Venetia, in Cisalpine Gaul, rising in the Alps, and falling into the Adriatic near Aquileia. It is now the Natisone. Modern critics, however, are divided in opinion as to the identity of the Natisone with the Natiso, which Strabo and other ancient writers place close to Aquileia; as the Natisone is now some miles distant from the ruins of that city. The most probable supposition is, that some change has taken place in the bed of the river. (Cramer's Anc. Italy, vol. 2, p. 129.) NAUCRATIS, a city of Egypt, in the Delta, and belonging to the Saïtic nome. It was situate on the Canopic arm of the Nile, to the south of Metelis and northwest of Saïs. Strabo informs us (802) that, in the time of Psammitichus, a body of Milesians landed at the Bolbitine mouth of the river, and built there a |