BARBARICUS SINUS, a gulf on the coast of Africa, below the mouth of the Sinus Arabicus. (Vid. remarks under the article Barbari.)

poets, were added one to another, to an extent which | Ajan. It was otherwise called Azania. (Vid. rehas caused them, by a strong figure, to be compared marks under the article Barbari.) to provinces, and at an expense which could only be supported by the inexhaustible treasures which Rome drew from a conquered world. The general time for bathing was from two o'clock in the afternoon until BARCEI or BARCĪTA, a warlike nation of Africa, in the dusk of evening, at which time the baths were the western part of Cyrenaica. (Virg., En., 4, 43. shut until two o'clock the next afternoon. This prac-Strab., 7, 28.-En., Poliorcet., c. 37.) tice, however, occasionally varied. Notice was given BARCE, the nurse of Sichæus. (Virg., En., 4, when the baths were ready by ringing a bell; the peo- 632.) ple then left the exercise of the sphæristerium, and hastened to the warm bath, lest the water should cool. Hadrian forbade any one but those who were sick to enter the public baths before two o'clock. Alexander Severus, to gratify the people in their passion for bathing, not only suffered the Therma to be opened before break of day, which had never been permitted before, but also furnished the lamps with oil for the convenience of the people. (Adams's Rom. Ant., p. 377, ed. Boyd.)

vol. 1, p. 584.)

the Gallic tribes. Festus makes Bardus equivalent to| Constantinople in 448, and in the year following at cantor, "a singer." The German etymologists de- the council of Ephesus. Here he had the weakness duce it from baren, "to cry aloud," "to sing in a to side with the heterodox party, in denying the union loud strain." (Adelung, Gloss. Med. et Inf. Lat., of the two natures in Christ; a fault for which he afterward made full apology to the council of Chalcedon, which, in consequence, readmitted him to the communion of the orthodox. History preserves silence respecting the rest of his life, which ended in 458 A.D. Some few productions remain that are generally ascribed to him, though there are not wanting those who deny their authenticity. (Biogr. Univ., vol. 3, p. 478.)

BARIUM, a town of Apulia, on the Adriatic, in the district of Peuceti, famed for its fisheries. It is now Bari. (Strab., 283.-Horat., Serm., 1, 5, 97.) According to Tacitus, it was a municipium. (Ann., 16, 9.)

BARSINE OF BARSENE, a daughter of Darius Codomanus, who married Alexander the Great, and had by him a son named Hercules. She was secretly put to BASSAREUS, a surname of Bacchus. The epithet is death by Cassander, along with her son, when the lat-derived by Sainte-Croix (Mysteres du Paganisme, ter had reached his fourteenth year. (Justin, 15, 2.) | According, however, to Diodorus Siculus (20, 28), he was slain by Polysperchon, who had agreed with Cassander that he would commit the deed. Plutarch says that Polysperchon promised to slay him for 100 talents. (De vit. pud., p. 530.-Op., ed. Riske, vol. 8, p. 102.-Consult Wesseling, ad Diod., l. c.) We have followed Arrian (7, 1) in making Barsine the daughter of Darius. According to Plutarch (vit. Alex., et Eum.), she was the daughter of Artabazus; while another authority makes her father to have been named Pharnabazus. (Porph., ap. Euseb.)

BASILIA, I. an island famous for its amber, in the Northern Ocean. It is supposed by Mannert to have been the southern extremity of Sweden, mistaken by the ancients for an island, on account of their ignorance of the country to the north. According to Pliny (37, 2), Pytheas gave this island the name of Abalus; and yet, in another place (4, 13), he contradicts himself, and makes it to have been called Basilia by the same Pytheas. (Compare the remarks of Mannert, Geogr., vol. 3, p. 301, seqq.)-II. A city on the Rhenus, in the territory of the Rauraci, now Basle. It appears to have been originally a fortress erected by the Emperor Valentinian, and to have increased in the course of time to a large city. By the writers of the middle ages it is called Basula. (Amm. Marcell., 30, 8.-Itin. Anton.)

vol. 2, p. 93) from the Bessi (Bŋoooí) mentioned by Herodotus (7, 111) as the priests of the oracle of Bacchus, among the Satræ, a nation of Thrace. Other etymologists deduce the term from Bacoapis, a particular kind of garment worn in Asia Minor by the females who celebrated the rites of this same god. Bochart makes it come from the Hebrew basar, "to gather the grapes for the vintage" of which De Sacy approves. We are inclined, however, to follow Creuzer (Symbolik, vol. 3, p. 363), who states the root to be Báooapot or Bacoapía, a word signifying "a fox," and found in the Coptic at the present day. (Ignat. Rossi, Etymol. Egypt., p. 35.) Creuzer thinks, that the garment called Baccapis, mentioned above, derived its name from its having superseded the skins of foxes which the Bacchantes previously wore when celebrating the orgies. Compare Suidas: Βάσσαρος· ἀλώπηξ, κατὰ Ἡρόδοτον. Hesychius, Baooapís hún, and the author of the Etymol. Mag, Λέγεται Βάσσαρος ἡ ἀλώπηξ ὑπὸ Κυρηναίων. Consult also Herodotus (4, 192). The epithet Báooape occurs twice in the Orphic hymns (44, 3, and 51, 12.) BASSUS AUFIdius. Vid. Aufidius.

BASTARNA, a people who first inhabited that part of European Sarmatia which corresponds with a part of Poland and Prussia, and who afterward established themselves in the south, to the left and right of the Tyras. They are supposed to have been the ancestors of the Russians. (Liv., 40, 58.—Ovid, Trist., 2, 198.)

BASILIUS, I. an eminent father of the church, born at Cæsarea in Cappadocia, A.D. 326. He is called the Great, to distinguish him from other patriarchs of BATAVI, an old German nation, which inhabited a the same name. His father had him instructed in part of the present Holland, especially the island callthe principles of polite literature, and he seems, in the ed Batavorum Insula, formed by that branch of the first instance, to have been a professor of rhetoric Rhine which empties into the sea near Leyden (Lugand a pleader. Induced to visit the monasteries in dunum Batavorum), together with the Waal (Vahalis) the deserts of Egypt, the austerities of these misgui- and Meuse (Mosa). Their territories, however, exded solitaries so impressed his imagination, that he him-tended much beyond the Waal. Tacitus commends self sought a similar retreat in the province of Pontus. their bravery. According to him, they were originalHe was ordained priest by Eusebius, the bishop of his ly the same as the Catti, a German tribe, which had native city, upon whose death he succeeded to the emigrated from their country on account of domestic same dignity. He is the most distinguished ecclesi- troubles. This must have happened before the time astic among the Greek patriarchs. His efforts for of Cæsar. When Germanicus was about to invade the regulation of clerical discipline, of the divine ser- Germany from the sea, he made their island the renvice, and of the standing of the clergy; the number dezvous of his fleet. Being subjected by the Romans, of his sermons; the success of his mild treatment of they served them with such courage and fidelity as to the Arians; and, above all, his endeavours for the pro- obtain the title of friends and brethren. They were motion of monastic life, for which he himself prepared exempted from tributes and taxes, and permitted to vows and rules, observed by him, and still remaining in choose their leaders among themselves. Their cavalforce, prove the merits of this holy man. The Greek ry was particularly excellent. During the reign of church honours him as one of its most illustrious pa- Vespasian they revolted, under the command of Citron saints, and celebrates his festival Jan. 1.-In vilis, from the Romans, and extorted from them fapoint of literary and intellectual qualifications, Basil vourable terms of peace. Trajan and Hadrian subexcels most of the fathers, his style being pure, ele-jected them again. At the end of the third century gant, and dignified; and, independently of his extensive erudition, he argues with more force and closeness, and interprets scripture more naturally, than other writers of his class.-The best edition of his works is that of the Benedictines, Garnier and Morand, Paris, 3 vols. folio, 1721-30.-II. An archbishop of Seleucia, confounded by some with the preceding. He was elevated to the archiepiscopal dignity about A.D. 440, and assisted at the council of

the Salian Franks obtained possession of the Insula
Batavorum. The capital of the nation was Lugdu-
num Batavorum, now Leyden. (Tacit., Hist., 4, 12.
|—Id. ib., 19, 32.—Dio Čass., 55, 00.—Plin., 4, 17.
-Lucan, Phars., 1, 431, &c.)

BATHYCLES, a celebrated artist, supposed to have been a native of Magnesia on the Mæander. (Heyne, Antiq. Aufs., vol. I, p. 108.) The period when he flourished has given rise to much discussion. It was

probably in the age of Croesus. (Consult Sillig, Dict. | which Apollo tended. He violated his promise, and Art., s. v.) was turned into a stone. (Ovid, Met., 2, 702.-Compare the remarks of Gierig, ad loc.)

BATHYLLUS, I. a youth of Samos, a favourite of Polycrates. He is often alluded to by Anacreon.II. A youth of Alexandrea, a favourite of Mæcenas. He came to Rome in the age of Augustus, and obtained great celebrity as a dancer in pantomimes.III. A dancer alluded to by Juvenal (6. 63). As this was in the time of Domitian, the Bathyllus mentioned under No. II. cannot, of course, be meant here. Salmasius thinks, that the name had become a general one for any famous dancer, in consequence of the skill that had been displayed by the Bathyllus who lived in the time of Augustus. (Salmas. ad Vopisc. Carin., vol. 2, p. 833, ed. Hack.)

BATULUM, a town of Campania, alluded to by Virgil (En., 7, 739) and Silius Italicus (8, 566). The site of this place is fixed, with some diffidence, by Romanelli at Paduli, a few miles to the east of Benevento (vol. 2, p. 463).

BAUCIS, an aged woman, who dwelt in a small town of Phrygia along with her husband Philemon. They were both extremely poor, and inhabited a humble cottage. Jupiter and Mercury came, on one occasion, in the form of men, to this same town. It was evening; they sought for hospitality, but every door was closed against them. At length they approached BATRACHOMYOMACHIA, a serio-comic poem, ascribed the abode of the aged pair, by whom they were gladly to Homer, and describing the battle between the frogs received. The quality of the guests was eventually and mice. It consists of 294 hexameters. Whether revealed by the miracle of the wine-bowl being sponHomer actually wrote this poem or not is still an un-taneously replenished as fast as it was drained. They settled point among modern critics. The majority, however, incline to the opinion that he was not the author. The piece would seem to be in reality a parody on the manner and language of Homer, and perhaps a satire upon one of the feuds that were so common among the petty republics of Greece. Some ascribe it to Pigres of Caria. Knight, in his Prolegomena to Homer (ed. Lips., p. 6), remarks, that in the third verse mention is made of tablets (déλro), on which the poet writes: whence he concludes that the author of the piece in question was an Athenian, and not of Asiatic origin, because in Asia they wrote on skins, év dig épais. In proof of his assertion, he cites Herodotus (5, 58). He makes also another ingenious observation. At verse 291, the morning cry of a cock is alluded to as a thing generally known. This circumstance proves, according to Knight, that the poem under consideration is not as old as the time of Homer, for it is not credible, that the ancient poets would never have spoken of this instinct on the part of the cock if it had been known to them, and it would have been known to them if the cock had been found at that period in Greece. This fowl is a native of India, and does not appear to have been introduced into Greece prior to the sixth century B.C. It is then found on the money of Samothrace and Himera.-The best editions of the Batrachomyomachia are that of Ernesti, in the works of Homer, 5 vols. 8vo, Lips., 1759, reprinted at Glasgow, 1814; and that of Matthiæ, Lips., 1805, 8vo.-There is also the edition of Maittaire, 8vo, Lond., 1721.

told their hosts that it was their intention to destroy
the godless town, and desired them to leave their
dwelling and ascend the adjacent hill.
The aged
couple obeyed: ere they reached the summit they
turned round to look, and beheld a lake where the
town had stood. Their own house remained, and,
as they gazed and deplored the fate of their neighbours,
it became a temple. On being desired by Jupiter to
express their wishes, they prayed that they might be
appointed to officiate in that temple, and that they
might be united in death as in life. Their prayer was
granted; and as they were one day standing before the
temple, they were suddenly changed into an oak and
a lime tree. (Ovid, Met., 8, 620.)-The reader will
not fail to be struck with the resemblance between
a part of this legend and the scripture account of the
destruction of the cities of the plains. (Keightley's
Mythology, p. 83.)

BATTIADES, I. a patronymic of Callimachus, from his father Battus. (Ovid, Ib., 53.) Some think the name was given him from his having been a native of Cyrene. (Vid. No. II.)-II. A name given to the people of Cyrene from King Battus, the founder of the settlement. (Pind., Pyth., 5, 73.-Callim., H. in Apoll., 96.-Sil. Ital., 2, 61.)

BAVIUS and MEVIUS, two stupid and malevolent poets in the age of Augustus, who attacked Virgil, Horace, and others of their contemporaries. (Virg., Eclog., 3, 90.-Voss, ad loc.-Serv. ad Virg., Georg., 1, 210.-Horat., Epod., 10, 2.-Weichert, de obtrect. Horatii, p. 12, seqq.)

BEBRYCES, the aboriginal inhabitants of Bithynia. (Vid. Bithynia.)

BEBRYCIA, the primitive name of Bithynia. It was so called from the Bebryces, the original inhabitants of the land. (Vid. Bithynia.)

BEDRIACUM, a small town of Italy, between Mantua and Cremona; according to Cluverius, it is the modern Caneto, a large village on the left of the Oglio. D'Anville, however, makes it correspond to the modern Cividala, on the right side of that river. Mannert places it about a mile west of the modern town of Bozzolo. This place was famous for two battles fought within a month of each other. In the first Otho was defeated by the generals of Vitellius; and in the second, Vitellius by Vespasian, A.D. 69. Tacitus and Suetonius call the name of this place Betriacum; and Pliny, Juvenal, and later writers, Bebriacum. (Tacit., Hist., 2, 23, seqq.-Id., Hist., 3, 15.

Plut., Vit. Oth.-Plin., 10, 49.-Sueton., Oth., 9.
Cramer's Anc. Italy, vol. 1, p. 66.)

BELESIS, a priest of Babylon, who conspired with Arbaces against Sardanapalus, king of Assyria. Arbaces promised Belesis, in case of success, the government of Babylon, which the latter, after the overthrow of Sardanapalus, accordingly obtained. (Vid. Arbaces.)

BATTUS, I. a Lacedæmonian, who built the town of Cyrene, B.C. 630, with a colony from the island of Thera. (Vid. Cyrene.) His proper name was Aristotle, according to Callimachus (H. in Apoll., 76. Schol. ad loc.—Schol. ad Pind., Pyth., 4, 10), but he was called Battus, according to the tradition of the Thermans and people of Cyrene, from an impediment in his speech. Herodotus, however (4, 155), | opposes this explanation, and conjectures that the name was obtained from the Libyan tongue, where it signified, as he informs "C us, a king." Battus reigned forty years, and left the kingdom to his son Arcesilaus. (Herod., 4, 159.-Compare Bähr, ad Herod., BELGE, a warlike people of ancient Gaul, separa4, 155.)-II. The second of that name was grandson ted from the Celta in the time of Cæsar by the riv to Battus I., by Arcesilaus. He succeeded his father ers Matrona and Sequana. In the new division of on the throne of Cyrene, and was surnamed Felix, Gallia made by Augustus, whose object was to render and died 554 B.C. (Herod., 4, 159.)-III. A shep- the provinces more equal in extent, the countries of herd of Pylos, who promised Mercury that he would the Helvetii and Sequani, which till that time were not discover his having stolen the flocks of Admetus, included in Gallia Celtica, were added to Gallia Bel

gica. The Belga were of German extraction, and, | down a bag fastened to a rope, and to have addressed according to Cæsar, the most warlike of the Gauls. The name Belge belongs to the Kymric idiom, in which, under the form Belgiaidd, the radical of which is Belg, it signifies "warlike." (Compare Thierry, Histoire des Gaulois, vol. 1, p. xxxvii., Introd.) BELGICA, one of the four provinces of Gaul near the Rhine. (Vid. Gallia.)

BELGIUM, a canton of Gallia Belgica, from which it is distinguished by Cæsar (B. G., 5, 24), as a part from the whole, and to which he assigns the Bellovaci, to whom Hirtius adds the Atrebates. As the Ambiani were situated between the other two, they must also be included. These three tribes were the genuine Belga. (Cæs., B. G., 5, 24.-Hirt., 8, 46.) BELIDES, a surname given to the daughtersof Belus. (Ovid, Met., 4, 463.)

BELIDES, a name applied to Palamedes, as descended from Belus. (Virg., En., 2, 82.)

BELISANA, a Gallic deity, analogous to the Minerva of the Romans. (Compare Mone, Geschichte der Heidenthums im Nordlichen Europa, vol. 2, p. 419, in notis.)

the passengers in these words: "Give an obolus to Belisarius, whom virtue exalted, and envy has oppressed." Of this, however, no contemporary writer makes any mention. Tzetzes, a slightly-esteemed writer of the 12th century, was the first who related this fable. Certain it is, that, through too great indulgence towards his wife Antonia, Belisarios was impelled to many acts of injustice, and that he evinced a servile submissiveness to the detestable Theodora, the wife of Justinian. (Encyclop. Americ., vol. 1, p. 39, seqq.-Biogr. Univ., vol. 4, p. 82, seqq.)

BELLEROPHON (Greek form BELLEROPHONTES), son of Glaucus and grandson of Sisyphus. His adventures form a pleasing episode in the Iliad (6, 144, seqq.), where they are related to Diomede by Glancus the grandson of Bellerophon. The gods had endowed this hero with manly vigour and beauty. Antea, the wife of Prætus, king of Argos, fixed her love upon him, and sought a corresponding return. But the virtuous youth rejecting all her advances, hate occupied the place of love in the bosom of the disap pointed queen. She accused him to Prœtus of an atBELISARIUS, one of the greatest generals of his tempt on her honour. The credulous king gave ear time, to whom the Emperor Justinian chiefly owed to her falsehood, but would not incur the reproach of the splendour of his reign. Sprung from an obscure putting to death a guest. He therefore sent Bellerofamily in Thrace, Belisarius first served in the body-phon to Lycia, to his father-in-law, the king of that guard of the emperor, but soon obtained the chief country, giving him “deadly characters," written in a command of an army of 25,000 men, stationed on the sealed package, which he was to present to the king of Persian frontiers, and, A.D. 530, gained a complete Lycia, and which were to cause his death. Beneath victory over a Persian army not less than 40,000 the potent guidance of the gods, Bellerophon came strong. The next year, however, he lost a battle to Lycia and the flowing Xanthus. Nine days the against the same enemy, who had forced their way king entertained him, and slew nine oxen; and on the into Syria; the only battle which he lost during his tenth he asked to see the token (σñμa) which he had whole career. He was recalled from the army, and received from his son-in-law. When he had seen soon became, at home, the support of his master. In this, he resolved to comply with the desire of Prœtus; the year 532, civil commotions, proceeding from two and he first sent his guest to slay the Chimæra, a rival parties, who called themselves the green and the monster, with the upper part a lion, the lower a serblue, and who caused great disorders in Constantinople, pent, the middle a goat (xipaipa), and which breathed brought the life and reign of Justinian in the utmost forth flaming fire. Depending on the aid of the gods, peril, and Hypatius was already chosen emperor, when Bellerophon slew this monster, and then was ordered Belisarius, with a small body of faithful adherents, to go and fight the Solymi, and this, he said, was restored order. Justinian, with a view of conquering the severest combat he ever fought. He lastly slew the dominions of Gelimer, king of the Vandals, sent the "manlike Amazons," and, as he was returning, Belisarius, with an army of 15,000 men, to Africa. the king laid an ambush for him, composed of the After two victories, he secured the person and the bravest men of Lycia, of whom not one returned treasures of the Vandal king. Gelimer was led in home, for Bellerophon slew them all. The king, now triumph through the streets of Constantinople, and perceiving him to be of the race of the gods, kept him Justinian ordered a medal to be struck, with the in- in Lycia, giving him his daughter and half the royal scription Belisarius Gloria Romanorum, which has dignity, and the people bestowed upon him an ample descended to our times. By the dissensions existing temenus (réuevoc) of arable and plantation land. Fallin the royal family of the Ostrogoths in Italy, Justin-ing at length under the displeasure of all the gods, he ian was induced to attempt the reduction of Italy and wandered alone in "the Plain of Wandering" (ediov Rome under his sceptre. Belisarius vanquished Vi-dλýčov), “consuming his soul, shunning the path of tiges, king of the Goths, made him prisoner at Ra- men."-Later authorities tells us, that Bellerophon was venna (A.D. 540), and conducted him, together with at first named Hipponoös; but, having accidentally many other Goths, to Constantinople. The war in killed one of his relatives, some say a brother, named Italy against the Goths continued; but Belisarius, Bellerus, he thence derived his second name, which not being sufficiently supplied with money and troops meant " Slayer of Bellerus." He was purified of the by the emperor, demanded his recall (A.D. 548). He bloodshed by Prœtus, whose wife is also called Stheafterward commanded in the war against the Bulga-nobæa, and the king of Lycia is named Iobates. By rians, whom he conquered in the year 559. Upon his return to Constantinople, he was accused of having taken part in a conspiracy. But Justinian was convinced of his innocence, and is said to have restored to him his property and dignities, of which he had been deprived. Belisarius died A.D. 565. His history has been much coloured by the poets, and particularly by Marmontel, in his otherwise admirable politico-philosophical romance. According to his narrative, the emperor caused the eyes of the hero to be struck out, and Belisarius was compelled to beg his bread in the streets of Constantinople. Other writers say, that Justinian had him thrown into a prison, which is still shown under the appellation of the tower of Belisarius. From this tower he is reported to have let

the aid of the winged steed Pegasus, Bellerophon gained the victory over all whom lobates sent him to encounter. Sthenobæa, hearing of his success, hung herself. Bellerophon at last attempted, by means of Pegasus, to ascend to heaven; but Jupiter, incensed at his boldness, sent an insect to sting the steed, which flung its rider to earth, where he wandered in solitude and melancholy until his death. (Apollod., 2, 3, 1, seqq.-Pind., Isthm., 7, 63, seqq.—Hygin., fab., 57.-Id., Poet. Astron., 2, 18.-Schol. ad Il., 6, 155.-Tzetz. ad Lycophr., 17.)-Though Homer makes no mention of Pegasus, this steed forms an essential part of the legend of Bellerophon. In the Theogony (v. 325) it is said of the Chimera, that she was killed by Pegasus and the "good" (¿σ0λós),

seqq.)

i. e., brave Bellerophon. But though all seem agreed whose existence appears extremely doubtful. The in giving the winged steed to the hero, none tell us most ancient is Belus, king of Assyria, father of Nihow he obtained him. Here, however, Pindar comes nus, whose epoch it is impossible to determine.-II. to our aid with a very remarkable legend, which con- A son of Libya, and father of Ægyptus, Danaüs, and nects Bellerophon with Corinth. According to this Cepheus. He is fabled to have reigned in Phoenicia, poet (Ol., 13, 85, seqq.), Bellerophon, who reigned at 1500 B.C.-III. A king of Lydia, father of Ninus. Corinth, being about to undertake the three adventures (Herod., 1, 7.)--The Belus of Assyria, or the remote mentioned above, wished to possess the winged steed East, is thought by some to be the same with the Great Pegasus, who used to come to drink at the fountain Bali of Hindu mythology (Bartolomeo, Viaggio alle of Pirene on the Acrocorinthus. After many fruitless Indie Orientali, p. 241), as well as the Baal of Orienefforts to catch him, he applied for advice to the sooth-tal worship. A curious analogy in form is said to exist sayer Polyeidus, and was directed by him to go and between the temple of Belus, as described by the ansleep at the altar of Minerva. He obeyed the prophet, cient writers (vid. Babylon), and the Mexican Teocaland, in the dead of the night, the goddess appeared to lis or pyramid-temples, especially that of Cholula. him in a dream, and, giving him a bridle, bade him (Consult, on this interesting subject, the remarks of sacrifice a bull to his sire Neptune-Damæus (the Ta-Humboldt, Monumens Americains, vol. 1, p. 117, mer) and present the bridle to the steed. On awaking, Bellerophon found the bridle lying beside him. He BENĀCUS, a lake of Italy, from which the Mincius obeyed the injunctions of the goddess, and raised an flows into the Po. Pliny (9, 22) makes this lake to be altar to herself as Hippeia (Of-the-Horse). Pegasus formed by the Mincius. It is stated by Strabo (209), at once yielded his mouth to the magic bit, and the on the authority of Polybius, to be 500 stadia long and hero, mounting him, achieved his adventures.-The 150 broad; that is, 62 miles by 18: but the real dibest explanation that has been given of the myth of mensions, according to the best maps, do not appear to Bellerophon is that which sees in this individual only exceed 30 modern Italian miles in length, and 9 in one of the forms of Neptune, namely, as Hippius breadth; which, according to the ancient Roman scale, (Equestris). This god is his father (Pind., ut supr., would be nearly 35 by 12. The modern name is 99), and he is the sire of Pegasus, and in the two Lago di Garda, and the appellation is derived from combined we have a Neptune Hippius, the rider of the small town of Garda on the northeast shore of the waves, a symbol of the navigation of the ancient the lake. The Benacus is twice noticed by Virgil. Ephyra or Corinth. The adventures of the hero may (Georg., 2, 158.-En., 10, 204.) Its principal promhave signified the real or imaginary perils to be en- ontory, Sirmium, has been commemorated by Catullus countered in voyages to distant countries; and, when as his favourite residence. Virgil speaks of it as subthe original sense of the myth was lost, the King ject to sudden storms. (Georg., 2, 160.) In expla (Prœtus, πрros), and his Foe (Antea, ǎvra), and the nation of this, compare the following remarks of Eucommon love-tale were introduced, to assign a cause stace: "We left Sirmione (Sirmium), and, lighted by for the adventure. In this myth, too, we find the the moon, glided smoothly over the lake to Desensamysterious connexion between Neptune and Pallas-no, four miles distant, where, about eight, we stepped Minerva and the horse more fully revealed than else- from the boat into a very good inn. So far the apwhere. (Keightley's Mythology, p. 401, seqq.) pearance of the Benacus was very different from the BELLERUS, a brother of Hipponoüs. (Vid. Bellero-description which Virgil has given of its stormy charphon.)

acter. Before we retired to rest, about midnight, from BELLONA, the goddess of war, daughter of Phor- our windows, we observed it still calm and unruffled. cys and Ceto. (Apollod., 2, 4, 2.) According to About three in the morning, I was roused from sleep some authorities, however, she was the sister of Mars. by the door and windows bursting open at once, and Others, again, make her his spouse. The earlier form the wind roaring round the room. I started up, and, of her Latin name, Bellona, was Duellona, from Du- looking out, observed by the light of the moon the ellum, the old form for bellum, from which last the lake in the most dreadful agitation, and the waves later appellation of Bellona arose. Her Greek name dashing against the walls of the inn, and resembling was Enyo ('Evvá). The temple of Bellona at Rome the swelling of the ocean more than the petty agitation was without the city, near the Carmental gate. Au- of inland waters. Shortly after, the landlord entered dience was given there by the senate to foreign am- with a lantern, closed the outward shutters, expressed bassadors. Before it stood a pillar, over which a spear some apprehensions, but, at the same time, assured me was thrown on the declaration of war against any peo- that their house was built to resist such sudden temple. (Ovid, Fast., 6, 199, seqq.) The priests of Bel-pests, and that I might repose with confidence under lona used to gash their thighs in a terrific manner, and offer to her the blood which flowed from the wounds. (Juv., 4, 124.-Varro, L. L., 5.-Virg., En., 8, 703. -Stat., Theb., 2, 718.—Id. ib., 7, 73.)

BELLONARII, the priests of Bellona.

BELLOVACI, a numerous and powerful tribe of the Belge, adjoining the Vellocasses, Caleti, Ambiani, Veromandui, and Silvanectes. They correspond in position to the present people of Beauvais. (Cas., Bell., 2, 4.)

BELLOVESUS, a king of the Celta, who, in the reign of Tarquinius Priscus, was sent at the head of a colony to Italy by his uncle Ambigatus. (Liv., 5, 34.)

BELON, I. a city and river of Hispania Bætica, the usual place of embarcation for Tingis in Africa. The modern name Balonia marks the spot, though now uninhabited. The name is sometimes written Bælon. (Mannert, Geogr., vol. 1, p. 301.)-II. A small stream to the west of the city of Belon just named. It answers to that which flows at the present day from the Laguna de la Ianda into the sea. (Mannert, l. c.) BELUS, I. a name given to several kings of the East,

a roof which had withstood full many a storm as terrible as that which occasioned our present alarm. Next morning, the lake, so tranquil and serene the evening before, presented a surface covered with foam, and swelling into mountain-billows that burst in breakers every instant at the very door of the inn, and covered the whole house with spray. Virgil's description now seemed nature itself." (Classical Tour, vol. 1, p. 203, seqq.)

BENDIS, the name of a Thracian goddess, the same with Diana or Artemis. (Compare Ruhnken, ad Tim., p. 62.-Fischer, Index in Palaphat., s. v. BévSela.) This name, and the festival of this deity, spread even to Attica and Bithynia. Bendis had a temple in the Munychium at Athens, and a festival, called Bevdideia, was celebrated in honour of her at the Piraus. (Creuzer, Symbolik, vol. 2, p. 129, seqq.)

BENEVENTUM, a city of Samnium, about ten miles beyond Caudium, on the Appian Way. (Strabo, 249.) Its more ancient name, as we are informed by several writers, was Maleventum. (Liv., 9, 27-Plin., 3, 11.-Festus, s. v. Benevent.) The name of Maleven