and Leuci. Their chief city was Argentoratum, now | tions, of the Roman civilians. In the course of cenStrasbourg. (Tacit., Germ., 28.-Cæs., B. G., 1, 51.-Plin., 4, 17.)

turies, under the republic and the empire, many thousand volumes had accumulated, filled with the learned TRIBONIANUS, a celebrated jurist, who was mainly lucubrations of the jurisconsults, but which no fortune instrumental in the compilation of Justinian, was a could purchase and no capacity could digest. The native of Pamphylia, and his father was from Mace- jurisconsults, ever since the time of Augustus, had been donia. His learning was most extensive; he wrote divided into opposite schools, and thus conflicting upon a great variety of subjects, was well versed both opinions were often produced, which only served to in Latin and Greek literature, and had deeply studied puzzle those who had to decide what was law. To the Roman civilians, of which he had a valuable col-put order into this chaos was the object of Justinian. lection in his library. He practised first at the bar of In December, 530, he commissioned seventeen lawthe prætorian prefects at Constantinople, became af-yers, with Tribonian at their head, with full authority terward quæstor, master of the imperial household, to use their discretion as to the works of their predeand consul, and possessed for about twenty years the cessors, by making a choice of those whom they confavour and confidence of Justinian. His manners are sidered as the best authorities. They chose about said to have been remarkably mild and conciliating; forty out of Tribonian's library, most of them jurishe was a courtier, and fond of money, but in other re- consults who had lived during that period of the empire spects he appears to have been calumniated by his en- which has been sometimes called the age of the Anemies. His death took place A.D. 545. He was a tonines, from Hadrian to the death of Alexander Sesuperior man, and most valuable to Justinian.-This ap- verus. From the works of these writers, said to have pears to be a proper place to give some account of Jus- amounted to two thousand treatises, the commission tinian's legislation. Soon after ascending the throne, appointed by Justinian was to extract and compress this monarch gave orders (Feb., 528 A.Ď.) to a com- all that was suited to form a methodical, complete, and mission, consisting of Joannes and nine other persons, never-failing book of reference for the student of law among whom were Tribonian or Tribunian and The- and the magistrate. Justinian gave Tribonian and his ophilus, to make a general compilation of the best and associates ten years' time to perform their task; but most useful laws or constitutions which had been they completed it in three years. The work was promulgated by the emperors his predecessors, begin- styled "Digesta," and also "Pandecta" (embracing ning from Hadrian's perpetual edict down to his own all), and was published in December, 533. It was time. Partial compilations had been made in the time declared by the emperor that it should have the force of Constantine by private individuals, Gregory and of law all over the empire, and should supersede all Hermogenes, of which only fragments remain, and a the text-books of the old jurists, which, in future, were more complete one was effected under Theodosius II. to be of no authority. If the whole "Digest" is diAll these were now merged in the new Code of Justin-vided into three equal parts, the contributions of Ulpiian. A remarkable difference of style and manner is an are somewhat more than one third. The "Digesobservable between the older constitutions issued be- ta" is divided into fifty books, each book being also fore Constantine and those promulgated afterward. divided into titles, and subdivided into sections. Of The former, being issued at Rome, and framed upon the merits and imperfections of the "Digest," Cujas, the decisions or "responsa" of learned jurists, are Hotomannus, Heineccius, Gravina, Schulting, Bynclear, sententious, and elegant; the latter, which were kershoek, and many others, have amply spoken. With promulgated chiefly at Constantinople, in the decay of all its faults, it is a noble work, and much superior to the Roman language, are verbose and rhetorical. the Code in its style, matter, and arrangement; it has, Joannes and his nine associates completed their task in great measure, imbodied the wisdom of the most in fourteen months, and the new Code, having receiv-learned men of the best age of the empire; men who ed the imperial sanction, was published in April, A.D. grounded their opinions on the principles of reason and 529. A few years after, Justinian, by the advice of equity, and who, for the most part, were personally un Tribonian, ordered a revision of his Code to be made concerned and disinterested in the subjects on which by Tribonian and four others. These commissioners they gave their responsa. Tribonian and his col suppressed several laws as either useless or inconsist-leagues are charged with making many interpolations, ent with present usage, and added many constitutions with altering many passages in the writings of their which the emperor had been promulgating in the mean predecessors, with substituting their own opinions, time, as well as fifty decisions on intricate points of and passing them off to the world under the name of jurisprudence. The Code, thus revised, was published the ancient jurists. Justinian himself acknowledged in December of the year 534, under the title of "Co- that he was obliged to accommodate the old jurisprudex Justinianeus repetitæ prælectionis," and thence-dence to the altered state of the times, and to "make forth had the force of law. The Code is divided into the laws his own." Another charge, which is, howevtwelve books; every book is subdivided into titles, er, unsupported by evidence or probability, is, that Jusand each title into laws. The learned Gothofredus, in tinian and his civilians purposely destroyed the old his prolegomena attached to his edition of the Theo-text-books that had served them for the compilation dosian Code, observes that Tribonian and his associ- of the "Pandects." Long, however, before Justinates have been guilty of several faults in the compila- ian's time, the works of the ancient jurists were partly tion of the Code; that the order observed in the suc- lost, and the vicissitudes of the ages that followed may cession of the titles is confused; that some of the laws easily have obliterated the rest. While the Digest have been mutilated and have been rendered obscure; was being compiled, Justinian commissioned Tribothat sometimes a law has been divided into two, and nian and two other civilians, Theophilus and Doroat other times two have been reduced into one; that theus, to make an abridgment of the first principles laws have been attributed to emperors who were not of the law, for the use of young students who should the authors of them, or who had given quite contrary wish to apply themselves to that science. This decisions; all which would be still more injurious to new work, being completed, was published under the the study of the Roman law, if we had not the Theo-name of "Institutiones," about one month before dosian Code, which is of great use towards rightly understanding many laws in the Code of Justinian. In the year following the publication of his Code, Justinian undertook a much greater and more important work to extract the spirit of jurisprudence from the decisions and conjectures, the questions and disputa

the appearance of the Digest. The Institutiones were mainly based on an older work of the same description and title. They are arranged in four books, and subdivided into titles. As the law has three objects, persons, things, and actions, the first book treats of persons or status; the second and third, and first

city. From the Byzantine historians we see that the name had already been corrupted in their time to the present form of Tricala. (Procop., Edif., 4, 3.Hierocl., p. 643.- Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 1, p. 357, seqq.)

five titles of the fourth, treat of things; and the remaining titles of the fourth book treat of actions. Besides these three compilations, the Code, the Institutes, and the Digest, Justinian, after the publication of the second edition of his Code, continued to issue new laws or constitutions, chiefly in Greek, upon par- TRICORII, a Gallic tribe in Gallia Narbonensis, in ticular occasions, which were collected and published the territory of Massilia and Aqua Sextiæ. (Livy, together, after his death, under the name of Neapai | 21, 31.—Plin., 3, 4.—Amm. Marc., 15, 10, seqq.) Aiarágeis, or Nova, or Constitutiones Novellæ, or Au- TRIDENTUM, now Trent (or, as the Italians write thenticæ. The Novella are divided into nine Colla- the name, Trento), a city of Rhætia, on the river Athetiones and 168 Constitutiones, or, as they are now of sis or Adige, and a short distance from the northern ten called, Novels. The Novellæ, together with the confines of Venetia. It was built by the Cenomani, thirteen Edicts of Justinian, made up the fourth part who were dispossessed by the Romans. (Justin, 20, of his legislation. There are four Latin translations 5.-Itin. Ant. - Paul Warnefr., de Gest. Long., 5, of the Novella, two of which were made soon after 36, &c.) Some authors affirm that the name TriJustinian's death; the third is by Halvander, printed dentum is derived from Neptune's sceptre or trident, at Nürnberg in 1531; and the fourth was printed at to which god they say the city was once consecrated; Basle, by Hervagius, in 1561. This last translation is this opinion took its rise from an ancient marble being that which is printed in the editions of the Corpus Ju- found there, on which was Neptune holding a trident. ris opposite to the Greek text, and is very valuable, Others derive the name from three rivers that fall into notwithstanding it has been stigmatized by some with the Adige near the city; while others, again, ascribe the name "barbarous;" it is sometimes called Au- the name to the circumstance of there being three thentica Interpretatio, or Vulgata. The version of Hal- high rocks in the neighbourhood which appear like vander is also printed in some editions of the Corpus three teeth (tres dentes). All these etymologies are Juris. The Novella made many changes in the law false; the name is most probably one of Celtic origin. as established by Justinian's prior compilations, and -Trent is famous in modern history for the council of are an evidence that the emperor was seized with a ecclesiastics which sat there for the purpose of regupassion for legislating; a circumstance which enables lating the affairs of the church. It was assembled by us to form a more correct judgment of his real merits, Paul III. in 1545, and continued by twenty-five sesand lowers his character as a philosophic jurist. Among sions till the year 1563, under Julius III. and Pius IV. the numerous editions of the Corpus Juris Civilis, the It had been removed in 1547 to Bologna, in consebest is that of Gothofredus, Col. Munat., 1756, 2 vols.quence of a false rumour of a pestilence in Trent, but folio. Pothier's edition of the Digest, reprinted at was reassembled at the latter city in 1551. Paris, in 5 vols. 4to, 1818-1820, is a useful edition: TRIGABŎLI, a town of Italy, in the territory of Venethere is a very cheap edition of the Corpus Juris re- tia, where the Padusa, or southern arm of the Po, scpcently published in Germany by Beck, 3 vols. small arates itself from the main stream. Its site is near folio, Leipsig, 1829. (Encycl. Us. Knowl., vol. 13, that of the modern Ferrara. (Polyb., 2, 16.) 163-5.-Ludewig, Vit. Justin. Mag. et Theod., nec non Trebon., Halle, 1731.-Zimmern, Geschichte des Röm. Privatrechts bis Justinian, Heidelb., 1826.TRINOBANTES, a people of Britain, in modern Essex Hugo, Lehrbuch der Gesch. des Röm. Rechts, Berlin, and Middlesex. (Tac., Ann., 14, 31.—Cæs., B. G., 1832.-History of the Roman or Civil Law, by Fer-5, 20.) Hommeriere, transl. by J. Beaver, London, 1724.TRIOPAS OF TRIOPS, a son of Neptune by Canace Jii, Palingenesia.-Brinkmannus, Institutiones Juris the daughter of Eolus. He was father of ErisichRomani, Schleswig, 1822.- System des Pandekten-thon, who is called on that account Triopeius, and his Rechts, by Thibaut, 7th ed., Jena, 1828.-Das Corpus daughter Triopeïs. (Ovid, Met., 8, 754.—Apollod., Juris in's Deutsche übersetzt von einem vereine Rechts-1, 7, 4.-Heyne, not. crit. ad Apollod., l. c.) gelehrter und herausgegeben von Otto, Schilling, und Sintenis, Leipzig, 1831.- Les cinquantes livres du Digeste, &c., traduits en Français par feu Henri Heslot, Paris, 1805.-Pandectes de Justinien mises dans un nouvel ordre, &c., par J. R. Pothier, traduites par Bréard Neuville, révues et corrigées par M. Moreau de Montalin, Avocat, Paris, 1810.)

TRICĂLA, a mountain fortress and town in Sicily, near the lower coast, east of Selinus, and north of the mouth of the Crimisus. It was also called Triocala and Triocla. This place came into notice during the Servile war in Sicily, as being the residence of the slave-king Tryphon. Facellus places its site near the modern Calata Bellota, but Reichard by Colatrasi Castello. (Steph. Byz., s. v.—Ptol.—Sil. Ital., 14, 271.)

TRICASSES, a people of Gaul, northeast of the Senones, and through whose territories flows the Sequana, or Seine, in the earlier part of its course. Their chief city was Augusta Bona, now Troyes. (Ptol.-Amm. Marc., 15, 11.—Id., 16, 2.)

TRICCA, a city of Thessaly, southeast of Gomphi, and near the junction of the Peneus and Lethæus. It is mentioned as early as the time of Homer, and placed by him under the dominion of the sons of Esculapius. (Пl., 2, 729; 4, 202.) Strabo informs us that Tricca possessed a temple of Esculapius, which was held in great veneration. (Strabo, 437.) The modern Tricala appears to correspond to the site of the ancient

TRINACRIA, one of the ancient names of Sicily, from its three promontories (Tpεiç ǎкрαι).

TRIOPIUM, a city of Caria, founded by Triopas, son of Erisichthon, and situate near the promontory of Triopium, at the extremity of Doris. On the promontory, which took its name from the city, was a temple of Apollo, known under the name of the Triopæan temple. The Dorians here celebrated games in honour of Apollo; here also was held a general assembly of the Dorians in Asia, upon the model of that of Thermopyla. (Vid. Doris.)

TRIPHYLIA, the southern portion of Elis. It took its name, according to Strabo, from the union of three different tribes (rpeis quλaí), the Epei, or original inhabitants, the Minya, who migrated thither, and the Elei. (Strabo, 337). Some authors, however, deduce the appellation from Triphylus, an Arcadian prince. (Polyb., 4, 77, 8.)

TRIPOLIS, I. now Tarabolus, a city of Syria, on the seacoast below Aradus. The Greek name of this place, Tripolis, denoting three cities (Tpεiç πóheɩç), is explained by Scylax (p. 42.-Compare Diod. Sic., 16, 41.-Plin., 5, 20.-Strabo, 754). He states that the cities of Tyrus, Sidon, and Aradus sent each a colony to this place, who at first inhabited three separate cities, but in process of time became united into one. Diodorus Siculus, however, gives a somewhat different account. According to him, the three cities above mentioned, which were the parent states of all the other Phoenician cities, wishing to establish some place of general assembly, sent each a colony hither,

and founded this city (16, 41). It had a good har- | A treatise "De Revolutionibus Nativitatum,” which bour and extensive commerce.

(I. Phocas, c. 4.

exists merely in a Latin translation. It is in two Wesseling, Itin., p. 149.)-The town was taken and books, and treats of the mode of drawing horoscopes. destroyed in 1289 by the sultan of Egypt, but was af- Some phrases in this work would seem to indicate terward rebuilt, though at some distance from the that it is translated rather from the Arabic than the ancient site. (Abulfeda, Tab. Syr., p. 101.) At the Greek.-5. The Aphorisms of Hermes or Mercurius, present day the sand has so accumulated that the city also in a Latin version. The work consists of astrois separated from the sea by a small triangular plain, logical sentences or propositions, translated from the half a league in breadth, at the point of which is the Arabian about the time of Manfred, king of Sicily. village where the vessels land their goods. The com- It is sometimes cited under the title of Centiloquium. merce of the place consists almost entirely of coarse—6. Kvpavideç, “Cyranides,” a work, the title of silks.—II. A region of Africa, on the coast of the Med-which has given rise to much speculation. Some auiterranean, between the two Syrtes. It received this thors derive the term from the Arabic, and make it name from its containing three principal cities; Lep-equivalent to the French expression melanges, while tis Magna, Œa, and Sabrata. The second of these is the modern city of Tripoli.-III. A city of Pontus, on the coast, at the mouth of the river Tripolis, and northeast of Cerasus, now Triboli. (Mannert, Geogr., vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 384.)-IV. A city of Lydia, on the western bank of the Mæander, northwest of Hierapolis, and near the confluence of the Mæander and Cludrus. Ptolemy and Stephanus ascribe it to Caria, Pliny and Hierocles to Lydia. Mannert considers it to have been a Phrygian city. (Geogr., vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 137.)

The

others pretend that it is Greek, and that it is used in astrology to denote the power of the stars (from xúploc). Be this as it may, the Cyranides of Trisme gistus treat of the magic powers and medical virtues of precious stones, of plants, and of animals. Greek text of this work exists in manuscript in some of the European libraries, but it is only known, thus far, to the public through the medium of a Latin translation. Besides these astrological works, there are others connected with chemistry, or, more correctly speaking, alchemy, of which the following are the titles: 1. A chemical treatise on the secret of producing the philosopher's stone. This work is cited among adepts under the pompous appellation of "the Seven Seals of Hermes Trismegistus."-7. “The Emerald Tablet." Under this title the receipt of Hermes for making gold is known. According to the adepts, Sara, the wife of Abraham, found this emerald tablet in the tomb of Hermes, on Mount Hebron.-The two works of which we have just spoken exist only in Latin. A third, entitled voikai Bẞadai, "Chemical Tinctures," exists, it is said, in manuscript in some libraries. We have also a treatise of Hermes on fragments of the five following works of Trismegistus : 1. Πρὸς υἱόν, οι Πρὸς Τάτ, οι Προς Ασκλή Tov, "To his son," or "To Tat," or "To Escalapius.”—2. Πρὸς ̓Αμμοῦν περὶ τῆς ὅλης Οικονομίας, "On the Economy of the Universe, a work addressed to Ammon."-3. Kópη кóσμoν, "The Virgin of the World." Isis is thus named. The work is a dialogue between Isis and her son Horus, on the Origin of the World.-4. 'Aopodíτn, “ Venus," a work on Generation-5. Iepi Eiuapuévne, a hexameter poem "on TRISMEGISTUS, a celebrated Egyptian priest and Destiny."-The latest edition of the Poemander is that philosopher, of whom some mention has been already of 1630, Col. Agripp., 6 vols. fol.-The Esculapus is made in a previous article. (Vid. Mercurius Trisme- found united to most editions of the Poemander.gistus.) It remains but to give here a brief sketch The Iatromathematica are found in the astronomical of his works, or, rather, of the productions that have collection of Camerarius, and were also published sepcome down to us in his name.-1. The most cele-arately by Hoeschel, Argent., 1597, 8vo.-The treabrated of these is entitled "Poemander," Пoшávôpns tise de Revolutionibus Nativitatum was edited by (from Town, “pastor”), and treating "of the nature Wolf, Basil, 1559, fol.-The Aphorisms were printed of all things, and of the creation of the world." It is at Venice, 1493, fol., with the Tetrabiblon of Ptolein the form of a dialogue. This work is also some- my, and at Ulm, in 1651 and 1674, in 12mo.--The times cited under the following title, "Of the Divine Cyranides were edited by Rivinus (Bachmann), Lips., Power and Wisdom."-2. A second work is entitled 1638, 8vo, and Francof., 1681, 12mo. -The Chem'АokλýπLOS, “ Esculapius." It is a dialogue between ical Treatise was printed at Leipsic, 1610, in 8vo. Hermes (Mercurius) Trismegistus and his disciple, It is found, also, in the 4th volume of the Theatrum and treats of God, man, and the universe. It bears Chimicum, Argent., 1613, 8vo. (Schöll, Hist. Lit. also the name of Aóyos réhɛloç, but it exists only in Gr., vol. 5, p. 118.) the shape of a Latin translation, which some critics ascribe to Apuleius.-3. The third work has the following title: Ιατρομαθηματικὰ ἢ περὶ κατακλίσεως · νοσούντων Προγνωστικὰ ἐκ τῆς μαθηματικῆς ἐπιστήμης, πρὸς ̓Αμμωνα Αἰγύπτιον, “ Iatromathematica, or the Art of presaging the Issue of Maladies by means of Mathematics (i. e., by the planets or astrology), a work addressed to Ammon the Egyptian." As Julius Firmicus, a great admirer of Egyptian astrology, and who speaks of Hermes, makes no mention of this work, the probability is that it did not exist in the year 340 B.C., the period when Firmicus wrote,-4.

TRIPTOLEMUS, Son of Celeus, king of Eleusis, and the same with Demophoön. (Vid. Ceres, page 330, col. 1.) The vanity of the people of Attica made them pretend that corn was first known and agriculture first practised in their country. Ceres, according to them, taught Triptolemus agriculture, and rendered him serviceable to mankind by instructing him how to sow corn and make bread. She also, it was fabled, gave him her chariot, which was drawn by two dragons, and in this celestial vehicle he travelled over the whole earth, and distributed corn to all the inhabitants of the world. At his return to Eleusis, Triptolemus restored Ceres her chariot, and is said to have estab-"Precious Stones."-Stobæus has also preserved lished festivals and mysteries in honour of that deity. He reigned for some time, and after death received divine honours.-There seems to be an allusion in the name Triptolemus (derived probably from τρεῖς and Tоhéw) to an improvement introduced in early agriculture by treble ploughing. (Hygin., fab, 147.Pausan., 2, 14; 8, 4.-Justin, 2, 6.-Apollod., 1, 5. -Callim., H. in Cer., 22.-Ovid, Met., 5, 646.)

TRIQUETRA, a name given to Sicily by the Latins, from its triangular form.

66

TRITEA, a city of Achaia, southwest of Ægium, and near the confines of Elis. It was said to have been founded by Callidas, who came from Cumae in Italy, or, according to other accounts, by Menalippus, son of Mars and Tritsa. It was made dependant on Patra by order of Augustus. Its remains are generally supposed to correspond with those observed by modern travellers at Goumenitza. These ruins, which are very extensive, are sometimes called St. Andrea, from a church dedicated to that apostle in the immediate vicinity. (Gell, Itin. of the Morea, p. 135.Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 3, p. 75.)

TRITOGENIA, a surname of Pallas. (Vid. Minerva, | Priam's kingdom, and makes it to have comprised the page 849, col. 2.)

axc.

country on the coast of the Propontis as far as the river Esepus, near Cyzicus. Homer, however, names many expressly as allies of the Trojans whom Strabo would wish to consider as the subjects of Priam. The northern part of Troas was termed Dardania, from Dardanus, a city founded by Dardanus, one of the ancestors of Priam The Trojans were very probably of Thracian origin. (Vid. Troja.)

TROсMI, a people of Galatia, on the side of Cappadocia, and between the Halys and the last-mentioned country. (Polyb., 31, 13.-Liv., 38, 16.-Plin., 5, 32.)

TRITON, I. a sea-deity, the son, according to Hesiod, of Neptune and Amphitrite. (Theog., 930.) Later poets made him his father's trumpeter. He was also multiplied, and we read of Tritons in the plural number. Like the Nereides, the Tritons were degraded to the fish-form. Pausanias tells us, that the women of Tanagra, in Boeotia, going into the sea to purify themselves for the orgies of Bacchus, were, while there, assailed by Triton; but, on praying to their god, he vanquished their persecutor. Others, he adds, said that Triton used to carry off the cattle which were driven down to the sea, and to seize all small vessels, till the Tanagrians placing bowls of wine on the shore, he drank of them, and, becoming intoxicated, threw himself down on the shore to sleep, where, as he lay, a Tanagrian cut off his head with an He relates these legends to account for the statue of Triton at Tanagria being headless. He then subjoins: "I have seen another Triton among the curiosities of the Romans, but it is not so large as this of the Tanagrians. The form of the Tritons is this: the hair of their head resembles the parsley that grows in marshes, both in colour and in the perfect likeness of one hair to another: the rest of their body is rough, with small scales, and is of about the same hardness as the skin of a fish: they have fish-gills under their ears; their nostrils are those of a man, but their teeth are broader, and like those of a wild beast; their eyes-Pausan., 2, 30.) On the arrival of the Heraclida seem to me azure, and their hands, fingers, and nails are of the form of the shells of shellfish; they have, instead of feet, fins under their breasts and belly, like those of the porpoise." (Pausan., 9, 20, 21.—KeightJey's Mythology, p. 245, seq.)--II. A river of Africa, ising in Mount Usaleton, and, after forming in its course the two lakes of Tritonis and Libya, discharging its waters into the Syrtis Minor, near Tacape. It is now the Gabs.

TROZENE, a city of Argolis, situate on the Sinus Saronicus, near the southeastern extremity of that country, and northeast of Hermione. The Trozenians prided themselves upon the great antiquity of their city, which had borne the several names of Orea, Althepia, and Posidonia, before it received that of Træzene from Trazen, the son of Pelops, one of the earli est sovereigns of the country. He was succeeded by Pittheus, whose daughter, marrying Egeus, became the mother of Theseus. This hero was born at Træzene, where he long resided. Many of his adventures, as well as those of Phædra and Hippolytus, are referred to this city by the tragic poets. The Træzenians could also boast of having colonized Myndus and Halicarnassus in Caria, and likewise the borough of Sphettus and Anaphlystus in Attica. (Herod., 7, 99. and Dorians, Trezene was occupied by their forces, and became a republic independent of Argos, to which it had been subject at the time of the Trojan expedition. (Pausan., l. c. — - Herod., 8, 43.) In the Persian war, the Trazenians received most of the Athenian families who were forced to abandon their city. (Herod., 8, 41.) They sent five ships to Artemisium and Salamis, and 1000 heavy-armed soldiers to Platea (Herod., 8, 1.-Id., 9, 28); they are also named among the confederates who fought at Mycale. (Herod., 9, 102.)-The harbour of Trazene obtained the name of Pogon from its shape, being bounded by a curved strip of land which resembled a beard (ñwywv). The ruins of this ancient city are to be seen near the village of Damala, in a plain situate at the foot of a Gulf to that of Hermione. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol.. 3, p. 262, seqq.) "This place," observes Sir Wm. Gell, in speaking of Trazene, "now represented by a mean village of only forty-five habitations, was anciently of considerable extent, the longest side of the city having been at least one mile in length. It was probably, like most of the Grecian cities, of a form approaching to a triangle, having a wall on the plain, from the extremities of which other fortifications ran up the mountain to the Acropolis, on a craggy and detached summit, now very prettily spotted with wild olives." (Compare Leake's Morea, vol. 2, p. 442, seqq.)

TRITONIS OF TRITON, a lake and river of Africa, inland from the Syrtis Minor. Minerva is said to have been called Tritonia because she first revealed herself in the vicinity of this lake. (But consult remarks under the article Minerva, page 849, col. 2.) Near the Tritonis Palus was the Libya Palus. Modern travellers speak of a long and narrow lake in this quar-lofty range of mountains, which runs from the Saronic ter, divided in two by a ford; D'Anville considers these to be the Tritonis and Libya Palus. The modern name of the former is Faraun, and of the latter, El-Loudeath. (Herod., 4, 178.-Pausan., 9, 33.Virg., En., 2, 171.— Mela, 1, 7.)—II. An appellation given to Minerva by the poets. (Virg., En., 2, 226.-Ovid, Met., 3, 127.)-III. An epithet sometimes given to the sacred olive at Athens. (Stat., Sylv., 2, 7, 28.)

TRIVIA, a surname given to Diana, because she presided over places where three roads met. (Vid. Diana, and Hecate.)

TRIVICUM, a place situate among the mountains that separate Samnium from Apulia. The little town of Trivico, which appears on a height above the course of the ancient Appian Way, indicates the site of this place. (Horat., Sat., 1, 5, 79.)

TRIUMVIRORUM INSULA, an island in the small river Rhenus, one of the tributaries of the Po, where the triumvirs Antony, Lepidus, and Augustus, met to divide the Roman empire after the battle of Mutina. (Dio Cass., 46, 55.)

TROIDES, the inhabitants of Troas.

TROAS, a district on the gean coast of Mysia, in Asia Minor, extending as far south as the promontory of Lectum, now Cape Baba, of which Troy was the capital. The kingdom of Priam, if we form our ideas of it from the poems of Homer, must have been of very limited extent. Strabo, indeed, through partiality for his favourite poet, seeks to enlarge the limits of

TROGILIÆ, three small islands near Samos, named Psilon, Argennon, and Sandalion. (Plin., 5, 31.) Strabo names only one, which he calls Trogilium, probably the same alluded to in the Acts of the Apostles (20, 15).

TROGILIUM PROMONTORIUM, a bold promontory of Ionia, nearly opposite to Cape Posidium, in the island of Samos, and separated from it by a strait not more than seven stadia wide. (Strab., 636.) The Trogilian promontory is mentioned in the Acts, in the account of St. Paul's voyage from Troas to Miletus, by Mytilene, Chios, and Samos. From the latter island they crossed over to Trogilium, and after remaining there, it appears, one night, they reached Miletus the following day. (Acts, 20, 15.) The modern name of this promontory is Cape Santa Maria. (Cramer's Asia Minor, vol. 1, p. 378.)