(Thu

ficiently clear that these Pierians or Thracians, dwell- Thucyd., 2, 29), whose son Sitalces, at the instigaing about Helicon and Parnassus, in the vicinity of tion of the Athenians, with whom he was allied, unAttica, are chiefly signified when a Thracian origin is dertook an expedition into Macedonia. Having raised ascribed to the mythic bards of Attica. (Muller, Hist. a powerful army of Thracians and Paonians, the sovGr. Lit., p. 26, seqq.)-II. A large tract of country ereign of the Odrysæ penetrated into the territory of between the Strymon and the Euxine from west to Perdiccas, who, unable to oppose in the field so formieast, and between the chain of Mount Hemus and the dable an antagonist, confined his resistance to the deshores of the Egean and Propontis from north to fence of the fortified towns; and by this mode of warsouth. Such, at least, are the limits assigned to it by fare he at length wearied out the Thracian prince, Herodotus and Thucydides, though great changes took who was persuaded by his nephew Seuthes to abandon place in ages posterior to these historians. That the the expedition and return to his dominions. In reThracians, however, were at one period much more turn for this service, Seuthes, we are told, received in widely disseminated than the confines here assigned marriage Stratonice, the sister of Perdiccas. them would lead us to infer, is evident from the facts cyd., 2, 97, seqq.) Sitalces, some years after, having recorded in the earliest annals of Grecian history rela- been defeated and slain in a battle with the Triballi, tive to their migrations to the southern provinces of another considerable Thracian clan, was succeeded by that country. We have the authority of Thucydides Seuthes, who carried the power of the Odrysian emfor their establishment in Phocis (2, 49). Strabo (p. pire to its highest pitch. (Thucyd., 4, 101.—Id., 2, 401, 410) certifies their occupation of Boeotia. And 97.) The splendour of this monarchy was, however, numerous writers attest their settlement in Eleusis of of short duration, as on the death of Seuthes it began Attica, under Eumolpus, whose early wars with Erech- gradually to decline; and we learn from Xenophon theus are related by Thucydides (2, 15), Pausanias that, on the arrival of the ten thousand in Thrace, the 1, 38), and others. But these, in all probability, are power of Medocus, or Amadocus, the reigning prince the Thracians alluded to under No. I. Nor were of the Odrysæ, was very inconsiderable. (Anab., 7, their colonies confined to the European continent 2, 17.-Id. ibid., 3, 7.)—When Philip, the son of alone; for, allured by the richness and beauty of the Amyntas, ascended the throne of Macedon, the ThraAsiatic soil and clime, they crossed in numerous bod- cians were governed by Cotys, a weak prince, whose ies the narrow strait which parted them from Asia Mi- territories became an easy prey to his artful and enternor, and occupied the shores of Bithynia, and the fer- prising neighbour. The whole of that part of Thrace tile plains of Mysia and Phrygia. (Herod., 7, 73.- situate between the Strymon and the Nestus was thus Strabo, 303.) On the other hand, a great revolution added to Macedonia, whence some geographical wriseems to have been subsequently effected in Thrace ters term it Macedonia Adjecta. Cotys having been by a vast migration of the Teucri and Mysi, who, as assassinated not long after, was succeeded by his son Herodotus asserts, conquered the whole of Thrace, Chersobleptes, whose possessions were limited to the and penetrated as far as the Adriatic to the west, and Thracian Chersonese; and even of this he was eventto the river Peneus towards the south, before the Tro-ually stripped by the Athenians (Diod. Sic., 16, 34.jan war. Whence and at what period the name of Demosth. in Aristocr., p. 678), while Philip seized on Thracians was first applied to the numerous hordes all the maritime towns between the Nestus and that which inhabited this portion of the European continent, peninsula. On Alexander's accession to the throne, is left open to conjecture. Bochart and others have the Triballi were by far the most numerous and powsupposed that it was derived from Tiraz, the son of erful people of Thrace; and, as they bordered on the Japheth; certain it is, we find the name already ex- Pæonians and extended to the Danube, they were foristing in the time of Homer, who represents the Thra- midable neighbours on this the most accessible froncians as joining the forces of Priam in the siege of tier of Macedonia. Alexander commenced his reign Troy, under the conduct of Rhesus, their chief (II., 10, by an invasion of their territory; and, having defeated 435), said to be the son of the river Strymon. (Eurip., them in a general engagement, pursued them across Rhes. Arg.)-Herodotus affirms that the Thracians the Danube, whither they had retreated, and compellwere, next to the Indians, the most numerous and pow-ed them to sue for peace. After his death, Thrace erful people in the world; and that, if all the tribes had fell to the portion of Lysimachus, one of his generals, been united under one monarch or under the same gov- by whom it was erected into a monarchy. On his deernment, they would have been invincible; but from cease, however, it revolted to Macedonia, and remaintheir subdivision into petty clans, distinct from each ed under the dominion of its sovereigns until the conother, they were rendered insignificant. (Herod., 5, quest of that country by the Romans. The divisions 3.) They are said by the same historian to have of Thrace under the Roman sway were as follows: 1. been first subjugated by Sesostris (2, 103), and, after Thracia, a name applied, in a limited sense, to the the lapse of many centuries, they were reduced under country around the Hebrus in the earlier part of its the subjection of the Persian monarchy, by Megaba- course: the capital was Philippopolis.-2. Hamimonzus, general of Darius. (Herod., 5, 2.) But, on the tus or Emimontus, including the country along the failure of the several expeditions undertaken by that Hebrus in the eastern part of its course, and extendsovereign and his son Xerxes against the Greeks, the ing northward to Hamus; it stretched off also to the Thracians apparently recovered their independence, northeast until it struck the coast: the capital was Haand a new empire was formed in that extensive coun-drianopolis.-3. Europa, the coast along the Propon try, under the dominion of Sitalces, king of the Odry- tis and Hellespont, including the Thracian Chersosæ, one of the most numerous and warlike of their nese: the capital was Perinthus.-4. Rhodopa, the tribes. Thucydides, who has entered into considera-southern coast from the Sinus Melas to the mouth of ble detail on this subject, observes, that of all the empires situated between the Ionian Gulf and the Euxine, this was the most considerable both in revenue and opulence: its military force was, however, very inferior to that of Scythia, both in strength and num- THRASEAS, Pætus, a Roman senator in the reign of bers. The empire of Sitalces extended along the Nero, distinguished for his integrity and patriotism. coast, from Abdera to the mouths of the Danube, a He was a native of Patavium, educated in stoical tendistance of four days' and nights' sail; and in the in-ets, and a great admirer of Cato of Utica, whose life terior, from the sources of the Strymon to Byzantium, a journey of thirteen days. The founder of this empire appears to have been Teres (Herod., 7, 137.

the Nestus.-5. Masia Secunda, north of Hamus.-6. Scythia, below the Danube, near its mouth. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 1, p. 284.—Mannert, Geogr., vol. 7, p. 69.)

he wrote. His contempt of the base adulation of the senate, and his open and manly animadversions on the enormities of the emperor, were the occasion of his

being condemned to death. He died A.D. 66, in the | Greece, noticed by Homer as being near the river 13th year of Nero's reign. Tacitus says that Nero endeavoured to extirpate virtue itself by the destruction of Pætus and Soranus. (Juv., 5, 36.—Martial, 1, 19.-Tac., Ann., 15, 16.)

Boagrius. (I., 2, 533.) It was thirty stadia from Scarphea, and at some distance from the coast, as ap pears from Strabo (426). Thronium was taken by the Athenians during the Peloponnesian war (Thucyd, THRASYBŪLUS, an Athenian general, one of the 26), and several years after it fell into the hands of commanders in the naval battle of Arginusæ. He Onomarchus, the Phocian general, who enslaved the subsequently headed the party from Phyla which inhabitants. (Diod. Sic., 12, 44.—Esch., de Faiz. overthrew the government of the thirty tyrants. Thras- Legat., p. 46.—Liv., 32, 36.-Polyb., 17, 9, 3.) Dr. ybulus was afterward sent with an Athenian fleet to Clarke conjectured that Thronium was situated t the coast of Asia, where he gained some considerable Bodonitza, a small town on the chain of Mount Ca; advantages. Having, after this, proceeded to the col- but Sir W. Gell is of opinion that this point is too f lection of tribute from the towns, and having, in the distant from the sea, and that it accords rather with a course of this, come to the city of Aspendus, the in- ancient ruin above Longachi (Itin., p. 235); and this habitants of this place were so exasperated by some is in unison also with the statement of Meletas irregularity of his soldiers, that they attacked his camp Greek geographer, who cites an inscription discovered at night, and he was killed in his tent. Thrasybulus there, in which the name of Thronium occurs (vo was a man of tried honesty and patriotism, and had p. 323.-Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 2, p. 114)-L shown uncommon ability in some very trying situa- A town of Illyricum, at some distance from the coast tions. The only cloud that rests upon his memory is above Oricum, and near another place called Amara an appearance of having concurred with Theramenes Both these places are said to have been founded her in the accusation of their six colleagues at Arginusa, by the Abantes, in conjunction with the Locrians, they if not actively, at least by withholding the testimony having been driven hither by adverse winds on ther that might have saved them but the evidence which return from Troy. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. I, a we have is not sufficient to warrant us in decidedly 65.) fixing so dark a stain on a character otherwise so pure. (Corn. Nep., Vit. Thrasyb.-Diod. Sic., 13, 98. -Id., 13, 101.--Id., 14, 33; 94, 99.)

THRASYLLUS, one of the Athenian commanders at the battle of Arginusæ, condemned to death with his colleagues for omitting to collect and bury the dead after the action. (Vid. Arginusæ.)

THRASYMENUS LACUS. Vid. Trasymenus Lacus. THRIAMBUS, one of the surnames of Bacchus. THRINAKIA, an island mentioned in the Odyssey, on which the flocks and herds of the Sun-god fed, under the care of his daughters Phaëthusa and Lampetia, and to which Ulysses came immediately after escaping Sylla and Charybdis. On reaching this sacred island, his companions, in defiance of the warning of Ulysses, slaughtered some of the oxen while he slept. The hero, on awaking, was filled with horror and despair at what they had done; and the displeasure of the gods was manifested by prodigies; for the hides crept along the ground, and the flesh lowed on the spits. They fed for six days on the sacred cattle; on the seventh the storm which had driven them to Thrinakia fell, and they left the island; but, as soon as they had lost sight of land, a terrible west wind, accompanied by thunder, lightning, and pitchy darkness, came on. Jupiter struck the ship with a thunderbolt: it went to pieces, and all the sacrilegious crew were drowned. The resemblance between Thrinakia and Trinacria, a name of Sicily, has induced both ancients and moderns to acquiesce in the opinion of the two islands being identical. Against this opinion it has been observed, that Thrinakia was a desert isle (vñσos ¿pńμn.—Od., 12, 351), that is, an uninhabited isle; and that, during the whole time that Ulysses and his men were in it, they did not meet with any one, and could procure no food but birds and fish; that it is called "the excellent isle of the God" (Odyss., 12, 261), whose peculiar property it therefore must have been; that, according to the analogy of the Odyssey, it must have been a small island, for such were Eæa, Ogygia, and all we meet; not one of which circumstances agrees with Sicily. It seems, therefore, the more probable supposition, that the poet regarded Thrinakia as an islet, about the same size as those of Circe and Calypso, belonging to the Sun-god, and tenanted only by his flocks and herds, and his two daughters their keepers. He must also have conceived it to lie much more to the west than Sicily, for it could not have been more than the third day after leaving ea that Ulysses arrived at it. (Keightley's Mythology, p. 273, seq.)

THRONIUM. I. a town of the Locri Epicnemidii, in

THUCYDIDES, I. a celebrated Greek historian, ber in Attica, in the village of Halinusia, and in the tribe of Leontium, B.C. 471. His father's name was Olera, or, as some write the name, Orolus, and on the moth er's side he was descended from Cimon, son of Mis ades. Of the boyhood and education of the historiaa we have little information. The first remarkable cumstance of his early youth is one which the bug phers of Thucydides never fail to relate. It is stand, on the authority of Lucian (de conscrib. Hist., c. 16, Suidas, and Photius, that Thucydides, when a you of fifteen, stood with his father near Herodotus whe the latter was reciting his history at the Olympic fest val; and was so much interested with the work, and affected at the applause with which it was received that he shed tears. On observing which, Herodes exclaimed to his father, 'Opy DÚCIS TOÙ VOU ON πрòç rà μalýμara, "Your son burns with ardour fer learning." This recitation is proved by Dodwel have taken place at the 81st Olympiad, B.C. 45 Now, if what is said by Pamphila, a female author of the age of Nero, be true, the age of Thucydides at the per od of this recitation was fifteen. The grounds on wach the whole account rests have been carefully examined by Poppo, Dahlmann, Gôller, and other German critics, and the story has been pronounced fabulous. (Com pare remarks under the article Herodotus.)-Marce nus informs us that the preceptor of Thucydides, ■ oratory and rhetoric in general, was Antipho, or wom the historian has passed a short but significant este mium in a part of his work (8, 68). In philosoper, and the art of thinking and reasoning, he was instraci ed by Anaxagoras. Of the manner in which he spent his early manhood we have no certain informa That he served the usual time in the reproken of militia, we cannot doubt. How he spent the penod from his militia-service to that of his appointment to command the fleet in Thrace we have no way of as certaining. An ancient anonymous biographer of the historian says that he had participated in the Athe an colony sent to Thurium. But if he had by inherst ance any considerable property in Thrace, which is highly probable, no reason can be imagined why he should have taken part in this colony. If, however, that statement be correct, Dodwell seems to have proved the circumstance must have taken place in his twenty-seventh year. Why he went, or how long he stayed, we are not informed. If he went at Bi, be probably did not remain very long; and there is ne doubt that he had returned to his country long be fore the commencement of the Peloponnesian wal,

otherwise it would make his marriage with the Thra- and Pisistratus show no sort of affinity), relates that cian lady of Scaptesyle (by which he obtained rich Thucydides was assassinated immediately on his reproperty in mines, &c.) an improbably late one. turn. And Zopyrus, referred to by Marcellinus, reWhether he was employed in military service in the lates that such an event took place, but some years affirst seven years of the war is uncertain; it is prob-terward. Had, however, that really been the case, it able, however, that he was. In the eighth year of the would have been perfectly known, and could scarcely war and the forty-seventh of his age, B.C. 434, he was but have been alluded to by Cicero, or some other appointed to the command of the Athenian fleet off the great writer of antiquity. Poppo, indeed, maintains coast of Thrace, which included the direction of affairs that he lived many years after his return; but his reain the various Athenian colonies there. He occupied son (namely, that after his return he digested his hiswith his fleet a station at Thasus, and, being suddenly tory into order) is not convincing. For it surely would summoned to the defence of Amphipolis, he hastened not require many years to do that, especially as the thither; but, owing to unavoidable circumstances, was last book was, after all, left in a rough and undigested too late by only half a day. He, however, succeeded state. Besides, the probability is rather that a man of in saving Eion, though, had he not arrived at the time sixty-seven should not live many years. The strongest he did, the place would have been occupied by Brasi- proof adduced is, that the historian (3, 116) makes das the very next morning. It is plain, that to save mention of the third eruption of Ætna, which is said to Amphipolis was a physical impossibility, and great ac- have taken place B.C. 395. But this argument detivity was used in saving Eion. He therefore merit-pends upon the interpretation of the words of that pased praise rather than censure. And yet the Athenian sage, which probably gave a countenance to the above people, out of humour with the turn which things were opinion. It seems, therefore, to be uncertain how taking in Thrace, condemned him to banishment; many years he lived after his recall from banishment. though, with a magnanimity scarcely paralleled, he The manner in which he speaks of the conclusion of makes no mention of it in his history of that period, the war, and his having lived throughout the whole and only touches upon it incidentally afterward, in or- of it in the full enjoyment of his faculties, strongly der to show his advantages for arriving at the truth, confirms the statement of Pamphila, from which it foland then without a word of complaint. Discharged lows that he was sixty-seven years old at its conclufrom all duties, and freed from all public avocations, sion. And as it seems probable that he would not arhe was left without any attachments but to simple range the work before the conclusion of the war, so the truth, and proceeded to qualify himself for commemo-moulding of the whole into its present form might conrating exploits in which he could have no share. On sume some years of the life of an aged man. Yet its his banishment he retired to Scaptesyle, the property being at last left incomplete is unfavourable to the opinof his wife, and thus dedicated his leisure to the for-ion of Dodwell, that Thucydides lived beyond his mation of his great work, and (as Marcellinus, the an- eightieth year. (Bloomfield's Thucydides, vol. 1, p. cient biographer, says) employed his wealth liberally in | 16, seqq.)—The title of the work is as follows: Σvyprocuring the best information of the events of the γραφὴ περὶ τοῦ πολέμου τῶν Πελοποννησίων καὶ ̓Αθη war, both from Athens and Lacedæmon. How he raiwv ("History of the war between the Peloponnepassed the period of his exile may, then, be very well sians and Athenians"). It is in eight books, and eximagined; nor is it necessary to fill up that space, as tends to near the close of the twenty-first year of the Dodwell does, with such events as "the death of Per- war; but the eighth book is not so finished as the rest, diccas, king of Macedon; the accession of Archelaus, and, indeed, there is a gradual decline of vigour and his successor; the end of the kiα σтρатεvσiμоs of finished execution after the first five books. This fallThucydides;" for his military life had virtually been ing off and abrupt termination of his history may defunct eighteen years before. As to the period of his best be explained by a gradual deprivation of health, exile, it was, as he himself tells us (5, 26), twenty terminating in a sudden death. With respect to the years; and his return is, by some, fixed at 403 B.C., temper and disposition of Thucydides, it was grave, at the time when an amnesty was passed for all offen- cool, and candid. "He seems," Smith observes, "to ces against the state; by others, to the year before, have been all judgment and no passion." He evidentwhen Athens was taken by Lysander, and the exiles ly had nothing choleric or resentful in his constitution. mostly returned. The former opinion has been shown His notions in philosophy and religion being above the by Krueger to be alone the correct one; "for," argues conception of the vulgar, procured him, as in the case he," since Thucydides says that he was banished for of Anaxagoras, Socrates, Pericles, and others, the twenty years in the eighth year of the war, which also, name of an atheist, "which," says Hobbes, "they behe affirms, lasted twenty-one years, it follows that his stowed upon all men that thought not as they did of recall must have been in the year after Athens was ta- their ridiculous religion."-As regards the merits of ken." To which it may be added, that the high-mind-Thucydides as an historian, we may copy the words ed historian would have disdained to avail himself of of the same writer. "For the faith of this history I such an unauthorized way of returning to his country as that eagerly snatched at by the bulk of the exiles, but would wait until the public amnesty should give him a full right to do so. Perhaps, however, the real truth of the matter is what Pausanias relates, who mentions among the antiquities a statue to the memory of one Enobius, for being the mover of a separate decree of the assembly for the recall of Thucydides (1, 23). It is probable that, besides the general amnesty by which the former exiles were permitted to return, a particular decree was made for Thucydides; and, considering the gross injustice of his banishment, this was no more than he had a right to expect. It is not necessary to notice all those many improbable, and sometimes contradictory accounts concerning the life of Thucydides which are found in some of the later Greek writers; as, for instance, Pausanias, who, besides making Thucydides descended from Pisistratus (which is inconsistent with plain facts, for the genealogies of Miltiades

shall have the less to say, in respect that no man hath ever yet called it into question. Nor, indeed, could any man justly doubt of the truth of that writer, in whom they had nothing at all to suspect of those things that could have caused him either voluntarily to lie or ignorantly to deliver an untruth. He overtasked not his strength by undertaking a history of things long before his time, and of which he was not able to inform himself. He was a man that had as much means, in regard both of his dignity and his wealth, to find the truth of what he relateth, as was needful for a man to have. He used as much diligence in search of the truth (noting everything while it was fresh in his memory, and laying out his wealth upon intelligence) as was possible for a man to use. He affected, least of any man, the acclamations of popular authorities, and wrote not his history to win applause, as was the use of that age, but for a monument to instruct the ages to come, which he professeth himself, and entitleth his book

plague which ravaged Athens during the summer d Ol. 87.4, B.C. 429. The fearful picture which The cydides here traces has been imitated by Lucretius und Virgil, particularly the former.-The best editions d Thucydides are, that of Hudson, Ozon., 1696, fl; that of Duker, Amst., 1731, 2 vols. fol.; that of Ga leber and Bauer, Lips., 1790-1804, 2 vols. 4to; that of Haack, Stend., 1819, 2 vols. 8vo, reprinted by F

1821, 4 vols. 8vo; that of Arnold, Oxford, 1885, 3 vols. 8vo; and especially that of Poppo, Le 1821-37, 12 vols. 8vo.-Dr. Bloomfield, vicar of Bisbrooke, Rutland, England, has published a mi edition with English notes, in 3 vols. 12mo, and abse a new English version of the historian, with copnos and valuable notes, in 3 vols. 8vo, Lond, 1819-I A poet, mentioned by Marcellinus, the biographed Thucydides. (Compare Poppo, Proleg., 1, p. Goeller, Vit. Thucyd.)

THULE, an island in the most northern parts of the German Ocean, called ultima, “farthest," on acced of its remote situation, and its being regarded as limit of geographical knowledge in this quarter. Tr Thule mentioned by Tacitus in his life of Agricola je 10), and which that commander discovered in cr navigating Britain, coincides with Mainland, one the Shetland Isles. The Thule spoken of by Pythen the ancient Greek navigator, was different from s The relation of Pytheas is rather romantic in some its features; as, for example, when he states that is climate was neither earth, air, nor sea, but a cha confusion of these three elements: from other pars of his narrative, however, many have been led to sup pose that this Thule was modern Iceland or Norway. Mannert declares himself in favour of the forma D'Anville opposes it. Ptolemy places the midcie of this Thule in 63° of latitude, and says that at the time of the equinoxes the days were twenty-four ho which could not have been true at the equinores, b must have referred to the solstices, and therefore th island is supposed to have been in 66° 30′ latrude, that is, under the polar circle. The Thule of Procopius speaks, D'Anville makes to correspond the modern canton of Tylemark, in Norway. The details of Procopius, however, seem to agree rather with the accounts that have been given of the state of ancient Lapland. Some modern geographers think that by Thule the ancients mean merely Scandinav of which their knowledge was very limited. (Mar nert, Geogr., vol. 1, p. 78.)

Krñμa és áεi, a possession for everlasting. He was | icles, already referred to, and the description of the far from the necessity of servile writers, either to fear or to flatter. In fine, if the truth of a history did ever appear by the manner of relating, it doth so in this history."-Smith also has a discourse on the qualifications of Thucydides as an historian which merits perusal. He therein shows him to have had all the qualifications that can be thought necessary; namely, "to be abstracted from every kind of connexion with persons or things that are the subject matter; to be of no coun-py, Lond., 1823, 3 vols. 8vo; that of Bekker, On, try, no party; clear of all passion, independent in every light; entirely unconcerned who is pleased or displeased with what he writes; the servant only of reason and truth. He was wholly unconcerned about the opinion of the generation in which he lived. He wrote for posterity. He appealed to the future world for the value of the present he had made them. The judgment of succeeding ages has approved the compliment he thus made to their understandings. So long as there are truly great princes, able statesmen, sound politicians-politicians that do not rend asunder politics from good order and the general happiness, he will meet with candid and grateful acknowledgments of his merits.”—Thucydides has been sometimes censured for the introduction of harangues into his history, and this has been made an argument, by some, against his general veracity as an historian. The truth is, however, that the writer never meant them to be regarded by the reader as having been actually pronounced by the speakers in question, they serve merely as vehicles for conveying his own sentiments on passing events, for painting more distinctly the characters of those whom he brings forward in the course of his narrative, and for relating circumstances to which he could not well refer in the main body of his history. The harangues of Thucydides impart frequently to his work a kind of dramatic character, and agreeably interrupt the monotony occasioned by his peculiar arrangement of events. Demosthenes was so ardent an admirer of them, that he is said to have copied them over ten times, in order to appropriate to himself the style of this great writer. The finest is the funeral oration of Pericles, in honour of those who had fallen in the service of their country.-Another charge made against Thucydides is the division of his work into years, and even into seasons, for he divides each year into two seasons, summer and winter. This arrangement, which Dionysius of Halicarnassus has severely blamed, imparts to the work a kind of monotonous character; and yet, on the other hand, it must be confessed, that if this plan be in some respects a defective one, it is less so for the history of a single war, which THURII, a city of Lucania, in Lower Italy, near te naturally divides itself into campaigns, than it would site of the more ancient Sybaris, and which was foundbe for a work intended to embrace the history of a ed by a colony from Athens about fifty-five years ther people, or of some extended period of time.-Thucyd- the overthrow of the latter city. Two celerited ides wrote in the Attic dialect: after him no histori- characters are named among those who joined th an ventured to employ any other, and his work is re-pedition, which was collected from different pars garded as the canon, or perfection of Atticism. His Greece; these were Herodotus, and Lysias the a style, however, is not without its faults: his concise- tor. (Aristot., de Rhet., 3, 9.-Dion. Hal., de Las ness sometimes degenerates into obscurity, particularly p. 452.-Suid., s. v. 'Hpódoros et Avoias.) Dis in his harangues; nor does he seem to be always very gives us a very full account of the foundation of th solicitous about the elegance of his diction, but more town, the form and manner in which it was built, ambitious to communicate information than to please the constitution it adopted: its laws were tramed the ear. Against these and similar charges, of care- chiefly after the code of the celebrated legislators Ze less collocation, embarrassed periods, and solecistic leucus and Charondas. (Diod. Sic., 12, 10.) T phraseology, which Dionysius, in particular, is most government of Thurii seems to have excited the f active in adducing, the historian has been very suc- tention of Aristotle on more than one occasion cessfully defended by one of his recent editors, Poppo. lit., 5, 4, seqq.) This Athenian colony attained a Two among the Roman writers have taken Thucyd- considerable degree of prosperity and power: ides for their model, namely, Sallust and Tacitus; tered into an alliance with Crotona, and engaged in but they have imitated him each in a different manner. hostilities with Tarentum, in order to obtain pos Tacitus has appropriated to himself the general man- sion of the territory which formerly belonged to Sirs ner of the Greek historian, his conciseness, his depth (Strabo, 264.) In the Peloponnesian war, the Tatof thought; Sallust has conformed to him in his sen- rians are mentioned as allied to the Athenians, and as tences and phrases more than in his ideas.-The most furnishing them with some few ships and men for their celebrated parts of Thucydides are the oration of Per- Sicilian expedition. (Thucyd., 7, 35.) Subsequen

TIBERINUS, son of Capetus and king of Alba, was drowned in the river Albula, which on that account THYMBRA, a plain in Troas, through which a small assumed his name, and was called Tiberis. (Liv., 1, river, called Thymbrius, flows in its course to the 3.-Cic., N. D., 2, 20.-Varro, de L. L., 4, 5, &c. Scamander. According to some, the river Thymbrius-Ovid, Fast., 2, 389; 4, 47.) is now the Kamar-sou. (Cramer's Asia Minor, vol. 1, p. 102.) Apollo had a temple here, whence he was surnamed Thymbræus. (I., 10, 430.— Virg., En., 3, 85.-Eurip., Rhes., 224.) It was in this temple that Achilles is said to have been mortally wounded by Paris. (Eustath. ad I., 10, 433.Serv. ad En., l. c.)

TIBERIS, TYBERIS, TYBER, or TIBRIS, a river of Italy, on whose banks the city of Rome was built. It is said to have been originally called Albula, from the whiteness of its waters, and afterward Tiberis when Tiberinus, king of Alba, had been drowned there; but it is probable that Albula was the Latin name of the river, and Tiberis or Tibris the Tuscan one. informs us that a prince of the Veientes, named Dehebris, gave his name to the stream, and that out of this THYMŒTES, I. a king of Athens, son of Oxinthas, grew in time the appellations Tiberis and Tibris. It the last of the descendants of Theseus who reigned is often called by the Greeks Thymbris (ô Oúμbρıç). at Athens. He was deposed because he refused to-With respect to its source, Pliny informs us (3, 5) meet Xanthus, the Baotian monarch, in single combat. Melanthus the Messenian accepted the challenge, slew Xanthus, and was rewarded with the kingdom of Attica. (Vid. Melanthus.) - II. A Trojan prince, whose wife and son were put to death by order of Priam. (Tzetz. ad Lycophr., 224.—Burmann, ad Virg., En., 2, 32.) He is said, on this account, to have used his best endeavours to persuade his countrymen to admit the wooden horse within their walls. (Virg., Æn., 2, 32.-Servius ad En., l. c.)-III. A son of Hicetaon, who accompanied Eneas into Italy,