Obrazy na stronie
PDF
ePub

was unmoved by any wind. Tartarus was regarded, | Strabo, it produced salt in such abundance, that any at this period, as the prison of the gods, and not as the substance immersed in it was very soon entirely covplace of torment for wicked men, being to the gods ered with the crystal; and birds were unable to fly if what Erebus was to men, the abode of those who were they once dipped their wings in it. (Strab., 568.) driven from the supernal world. The Titans, when The lake still furnishes all the surrounding country conquered, were shut up in it, and in the Iliad (8, 13) with salt, and its produce is a valuable royal-farm in Jupiter menaces the gods with banishment to its mur- the hands of the Pacha of Kir-Shehr. In 1638, Sulky regions. The Oceanus of Homer encompassed the tan Murad IV. made a causeway across the lake, upon whole earth, and beyond it was a region unvisited by the occasion of his army marching to take Bagdad the sun, and therefore shrouded in perpetual darkness, from the Persians. (Leake's Tour, p. 70.) the abode of a people whom he names Cimmerians. Here the poet of the Odyssey also places Erebus, the realm of Pluto and Proserpina, the final dwelling of all the race of men, a place which the poet of the Iliad describes as lying within the bosom of the earth. At a later period, the change of religious ideas gradually affected Erebus, the abode of the dead. Elysium was moved down to it, as the place of reward for the good; and Tartarus was raised up to it, to form the prison in which the wicked suffered the punishment due to their crimes. (Keightley's Mythology, p. 32, 39, 43.)

TAUNUS, a mountain range of Germany, lying in a northwest direction from Frankfort on the Mayne, between Wiesbaden and Hornberg. It is now called the Höhe or Heyrich. (Bischoff und Möller, Wörterb. der Geogr., p. 950.)

TAURI, a people of European Sarmatia, who inhabited Taurica Chersonesus, and sacrificed all strangers to Diana. The statue of this goddess, which they believed to have fallen down from heaven, was fabled to have been carried away to Sparta by Iphigenia and Ores(Herod., 4, 99.-Mela, 2, 1.-Pausan., 3, 16.— Eurip., Iphig.)

tes.

TAURICA CHERSONESUS. Vid. Chersonesus III. TAURICA, a surname of Diana, because worshipped by the inhabitants of Taurica Chersonesus. (Vid. Tauri.)

TARTESSUS, a town of Spain, situate, according to the most general, though not the most correct opinion, in an island of the same name at the mouth of the Bætis, formed by the two branches of the river. No traces of this island now remain, as one of the arms of the river has disappeared. With regard to the actual position TAURINI, a people of Liguria, occupying both banks of the town itself, much difference of opinion exists of the Padus, in the earlier part of its course, but esboth in ancient and modern writers. Mannert is in fa-pecially the country situated between that river and vour of making Hispalis the Tartessus of Herodotus, the Alps. The river Orcus (now Orca) marked the and opposes the idea of its being the same either with extent of their territory towards the east. The TauCarteia or Gades, as many ancient writers maintain. rini are first mentioned in history as having opposed It could not, according to him, correspond with Car-Hannibal soon after his descent from the Alps (Polyb., teia, since Tartessus lay without the Straits of Hercu-3, 60); and their capital, which Appian calls Taurales; nor could it be the same as Gades, since Herodo- sia (Bell. Hann., c. 5), was taken and plundered by tus speaks of both Gades and Tartessus by their re- that general, after an ineffectual resistance of three spective names, and the latter was not subject to the days. As a Roman colony, it subsequently received Phoenicians, but had a king of its own. (Mannert, the name of Augusta Taurinorum, now Turino (Turin) Geogr., vol. 1, p. 294.) According to Strabo, the in Piedmont. (Cramer's Anc. Italy, vol. 1, p. 32.) Betis itself was anciently called Tartessus, and the ad- TAUROMENIUM, now Taormino, a town of Sicily, jacent country Tartessis. (Strabo, 148). Bochart, how-between Messana and Catana, but nearer the latter ever, makes Tartessus to have been the Tarshish of Scripture, and the same with Gades. (Geogr. Sacr., 3, 7, coll. 170.)

than the former. An ancient city named Naxos previously occupied the site of Tauromenium. There were, in fact, two cities of the name of Naxos, both erected TARUANNA, a city of Gallia Belgica Secunda, in the in succession on the same spot. The first was deterritory of the Morini, now Terouenne. (Ptolemy.stroyed by Dionysius the tyrant, and the inhabitants Itin. Ant., 376.)

TARVISIUM, an ancient city of Venetia, on the river Silis. At a later period it became the seat of a bishopric, and only a town of note about the middle ages. It is now Treviso. (Procop., B. G., 3, 1.—Paul. Diac., 2, 12.)

TATIANUS, a Syrian rhetorician, converted to Christianity by Justin Martyr, whom he followed to Rome in the latter part of the second century. After the death of Justin, the opinions of his proselyte took a turn towards those of Marcion, with whom he was contemporary; but, differing from that heresiarch in some material points, he became the head of a sect of followers of his own, who acquired the appellation of Eucratita and Hydroparastatæ, from the abstinence which they enjoined from wine and animal food, and their substitution of water for the former in the administration of the Eucharist. The editio princeps by Gesner, Tigur, 1546, fol., contains merely the Greek text. The best edition is that of Worth (Gr. et Lat.), Oxon., 1700, 8vo. Tatian's work is sometimes appended to editions of Justin Martyr. (Clarke, Bibliograph. Dict., vol. 6, p. 150.)

scattered over Sicily. (Diod. Sic., 14, 15.) The
Siculi, instigated by the Carthaginians, subsequently
rebuilt the city, but Dionysius again reduced it. In-
stead of destroying, however, he colonized it with a
number of his mercenary soldiers. (Diod. Sic., 14,
59 et 96.) In process of time Syracuse regained her
freedom, and Andromachus, a rich inhabitant of Nax-
os, having invited the old inhabitants of the latter city
to return to their home, they accepted the offer. The
city now changed its name to Tauromenium, from
Taurus, the name of an adjacent mountain, and μový,
a place of abode, the appellation being selected as des-
ignating more particularly their new place of residence.
(Diod. Sic., 16, 7.)-The hills in the neighbourhood
were famous for the fine grapes which they produced,
and they surpassed almost the whole world for the ex-
tent and beauty of their prospects. (Mannert, Geogr.,
vol. 9, pt. 2, p. 282.)

TAURUS, I. the mountains of Taurus, according to all the descriptions of the ancients, extended from the frontiers of India to the Ægean Sea. Their principal chain, as it shot out from Mount Imaus towards the sources of the Indus, wound, like an immense serpent, between the Caspian Sea and the Euxine on the one side, and the sources of the Euphrates on the other. Caucasus seems to have formed part of this line, acTATIUS, TITUS, king of the Sabines, reigned con- cording to Pliny; but according to Strabo, who was jointly with Romulus. (Vid. Romulus.) better informed, the principal chain of Taurus runs beTATTA, a salt lake in the northeastern part of Phry-tween the basis of the Euphrates and the Araxes; and gia, now Tuslag (i. e., "the Salt"). According to the geographer observes that a detached chain of Cau

TATIENSES OF TITIENSES, the name of one of the three original Roman tribes. (Vid. Roma, p. 1173, col. 1.)

that sea.

dus in Sicily, and gained also many victories in Af ca, for which he obtained triumphal honours (B.C.36) He was twice consul; and is said also to have built the first durable amphitheatre of stone, at the desire f Augustus.-IV. Statilius Taurus, was proconsci of Africa A.D. 53, in the reign of Claudius. On his re turn, Agrippina, who was anxious to get possession of his fine gardens, induced Tarquitius, who had been s lieutenant in Africa, to accuse him of extortion, d also of having practised magic rites. Taurus, ind nant at the charge, would not wait for the decision of the senate, but destroyed himself.

casus, that of the Moschian mountains, runs in a south- | tilius Taurus, a friend of Agrippa's, conquered Lepi ern direction and joins the Taurus. Modern accounts represent this junction as not very marked. Strabo, who was born on the spot, and who had travelled as far as Armenia, considers the entire centre of Asia Minor, together with all Armenia, Media, and Gordyene, or Koordistan, as a very elevated country, crowned with several chains of mountains, all of which are so closely joined together that they may be regarded as one. "Armenia and Media," says he, "are situated upon Taurus." This plateau seems also to comprehend Koordistan, and the branches which it sends out extend into Persia as far as the great desert of Kerman on one side, and towards the sources of the Gihon and TAYGETUS, or, in the plural form, TAYGĚTA ( the Indus on the other. By thus considering the vast part of a lofty ridge of mountains, which, traversing Taurus of the ancients as an upland plain, and not as the whole of Laconia from the Arcadian frontier, a chain, the testimonies of Strabo and Pliny may be minates in the sea at the Promontory of Terra reconciled with the accounts of modern travellers. Its elevation was said to be so great as to command Two chains of mountains are detached from the pla- a view of the whole Peloponnesus, as may be seet teau of Armenia to enter the peninsula of Asia; the from a fragment of the Cyprian verses preserved one first confines and then crosses the channel of the the scholiast on Pindar. (Nem., 10, 113) This Euphrates near Samosata; the other borders the Pon- great mountain abounded with various kinds of beasts tus Euxinus, leaving only narrow plains between it and for the chase, and supplied also the celebrated race of These two chains, one of which is in part hounds, so much valued by the ancients on account the Anti-Taurus, and the other the Paryadres of the of their sagacity and keenness of scent. It also fr ancients, or the mountain Tcheldir or Keldir of the nished a beautiful green marble much esteemed by the moderns, are united to the west of the Euphrates, be- Romans. (Strabo, 367.—Plin., 37, 18.) In the ter tween the towns of Siwas, Tocas, and Kaisarich, by rible earthquake which desolated Laconia before the means of the chain of Argæus, now named Argeh- Peloponnesian war, it is related that immense mase Dag, whose summit is covered with perpetual snows, of rock, detaching themselves from the montan a circumstance which, under so low a latitude, shows caused dreadful devastation in their fall, which is said an elevation of from 9 to 10,000 feet. The centre of to have been foretold by Anaximander of Miss Asia resembles a terrace supported on all sides by (Plin., 2, 79.-Strabo, 367.) The principal su chains of mountains. The chain which, breaking off of Taygetus, named Taletum, rose above Brysea I at once from Mount Argæus and from Anti-Taurus, was dedicated to the sun, and sacrifices of horses bounds the ancient Cilicia to the north, is more par- were there offered to that planet. This point is pr ticularly known by the name of Taurus, a name which ably the same now called St. Elias. (Cramer's As in several languages appears to have one common root, Greece, vol. 3, p. 216) "From the western side of and simply signifies mountain. The elevation of this the plain," observes Mr. Dodwell," rise the grand chain must be considerable, since Cicero affirms that abrupt precipices of Taygetus, which is broken it was impassable to armies before the month of June, many summits. The bases also of the mountain att on account of the snow. Diodorus details the fright- formed by several projections distinct from each ful ravines and precipices which it was necessary to er, which branch into the plain, and hence produce cross in going from Cilicia into Cappadocia. Modern that rich assemblage and luxuriant multipheity travellers, who have crossed more to the west of this lines, and tints, and shades, which render it the fires chain, now called Alah-Dag, represent it as similar to locality in Greece. All the plains and mountains th that of the Apeninnes and Mount Hamus. It sends I have seen are surpassed in the variety of their co off to the west several branches, some of which termi- binations and in the beauty of their appearance nate on the shores of the Mediterranean, as the Cra- the plain of Lacedæmon and Mount Taygetus. The gus, and the Masicystes of the ancients, in Lycia; landscape may be exceeded in the dimensions of its the others, greatly inferior in elevation, extend to objects, but what can exceed it in beauty of form and the coasts of the Archipelago opposite the islands of richness of colouring?-The mountain chain runs Cos and Rhodes. To the east, Mount Amanus, now a direction nearly north and south, uniting towards the Alma-Dag, a detached branch of the Taurus, the north with the chain of Lycaon. Its western side separates Cilicia from Syria, having only two nar- rises from the Messenian Gulf, and its eastern fact row passes, the one towards the Euphrates, the oth-bounds the level plain of Amycle, from which it rises er close by the sea; the first answers to the Pyla Amanicæ of the ancients, the other to the Pyla Syriæ. Two other chains of mountains are sent off from the western part of the central plateau. The one is the Baba-Dag of the moderns, which formed the Tmolus, the Messogis, and the Sipylus of the ancients, and which terminates towards the islands of Samos and Chios; the other, extending in a northwest direction, presents more elevated summits, among which are the celebrated Ida and the Mysian Olympus. Lastly, the northern side of the plateau is propelled towards the Euxine, and gives rise to the chain of the Olgassus, now Elkas-Dag, a chain which fills with its branches all the chain between the Sangarius and the Halys. Throughout the range of mountains just described, limestone rocks appear to predominate. (Multe-Brun, Geogr., vol. 2, p. 64, seqq.)—II. A mountain and promontory on the eastern coast of Sicily, near which Tauromenium was built. It is now Capo di S. Croce. (Vid. Tauromenium.)-III. Sta

as seen

[ocr errors]

abruptly. It is visible from Zante, which, in a strangtá
line, is distant from it at least eighty-four miles. The
northern crevices are covered with snow during the
whole of the year. Its outline, particularly
from the north, is of a more serrated form than the
other Grecian mountains. It has five principa
mits, whence it derived the modern name of Pra
dactylus, as it was designated by Constantine Perr
rogenitus. In winter it is covered with snow, which
renders the vicinity extremely cold. In summer
reflects a powerful heat upon the Spartan plain
which it keeps the salubrious visits of the wester
winds, and thus makes it one of the hottest places in
Greece, and subjects the inhabitants to fevers." (D-
well's Tour, vol. 2, p. 410.)-Compare the secount
of Colonel Leake (Travels in the Morea, vol. 1, P-
84, 191, &c.).

TEANUM, I. Apulicum, a city of Apulia, on the right bank of the river Frento (Fortore). The appellation of Apulicum was added to distinguish it from the

town of the Sidicini. Strabo, speaking of the Apu- | king, Echemus, had engaged and slain in single combat lian Teanum, says it was situate at some distance Hyllus, chief of the Heraclidae (Herod., 9, 26), and from the coast, and at the head of a lake formed by also of many victories obtained over the warlike Sparthe sea, which here encroaches so considerably upon tans. (Herod., 1, 65.-Pausan., 3, 3.) It was not the land, that the breadth of Italy between this point till the latter had, in compliance with the injunctions and Puteoli did not exceed 1000 stadia. (Strabo, of an oracle, gained possession of the bones of Orestes, 285.) The ruins of this place are said to exist on the and conveyed them from the Arcadian territory, that site of Civitate, about a mile from the right bank of they were enabled to vanquish their antagonists, and the Fortore, and ten miles from the sea. (Cramer's compel them to acknowledge their supremacy (1, 65). Anc. Italy, vol. 2, p. 272.)—II. Sidicinumn, the only In the battle of Platea, the Tegeatæ furnished 3000 city ascribed to the Sidicini, a Campanian tribe. It soldiers, and disputed the post of honour with the is now Teano, and was distant about fifteen miles from Athenians, to whom it was, however, adjudged by the Capua, in a northwest direction. Strabo informs us Lacedæmonians. In the Peloponnesian war they rethat it stood on the Latin Way, being the most con- mained firm in their adherence to Sparta. After the siderable of all the towns so situated, and inferior to battle of Leuctra, however, the Tegeate united with Capua only in extent and importance among the Cam- the rest of the Arcadians in forming a league indepanian cities. (Strab., 237, 248.) This fact seems pendent of Sparta, which involved them in hostilities to derive additional confirmation from the numerous with that power. (Xen., Hist. Gr., 6, 5, 16.) Tegea, remains of walls and public buildings said to be still having subsequently entered into the Achæan confedvisible on its ancient site. Teanum became a Roman eracy, was taken by Cleomenes, from whom it was recolony under Augustus. (Front., de Col.-Plin., 3, captured by Antigonus Doson. (Polyb., 2, 46.) It 5.)-Some cold acidulous springs are noticed in its vi- successfully resisted, some time after, the attack of cinity by Vitruvius: they are now called Acqua delle Lycurgus, tyrant of Sparta (5, 17, 1), but yielded to Caldarelle. (Pratilli, Via Appia, 2, 9.- Cramer's Machanidas; after his defeat and death it was, howAnc. Italy, vol. 2, p. 194.) ever, reconquered by Philopomen (11, 18, 7; 16, 36). Tegea was the only town in Arcadia which in Strabo's time preserved some degree of consequence and prosperity (Strabo, 388); and, if we may judge from the description of Pausanias, it still continued to flourish more than a century later. The vestiges of this ancient city are to be seen on the site now called Piali, about an hour east of Tripolizza; but they consist only of scattered fragments, and broken tiles and stones, which cover the fields. Other ruins are to be seen on the site of Palaio Episkopi, some hundred yards from the village of Piali. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 3, p. 350; seqq.)

TEARUS, a river of Thrace, rising in the same rock from 38 different sources, some of which are hot, and others cold. Its sources, according to Herodotus, were equidistant from Heræum, a city near Perinthus, and from Apollonia on the Euxine, being two days' journey from each. It emptied into the Contadesdus, this last into the Agrianes, and the Agrianes into the Hebrus. Its waters were esteemed of service in curing cutaneous disorders. Darius raised a column there when he marched against the Scythians, to denote the sweetness and salubrity of the waters of that river. (Herod., 4, 90, &c.-Plin., 4, 11.)

TEIOS. Vid. Teos.

TELAMON, a king of the island of Salamis, son of acus and Endeis. He was brother to Peleus, and

TECMESSA, the daughter of a Phrygian prince, called by some Teuthras, and by Sophocles Teleutas. When her father was killed by Ajax, son of Telamon, at the time the Greeks sacked the towns in the neigh-father to Teucer and Ajax, the latter of whom is, on bourhood of Troy, the young princess became the property of the conqueror, and by him she had a son called Eurysaces. Sophocles introduces her as one of the characters in his play of the Ajax. (Schol. ad Soph., Aj., 200.)

TECTOSAGES, a Gallic tribe, belonging to the stem of the Volcæ, and whose territory lay between the Sinus Gallicus and the Ausci, and in the immediate vicinity of the Pyrenees. They appear to have been a numerous and powerful race. A part of them were led off by Sigovesus in quest of other settlements, and, passing through the Hercynian forest, spread themselves over Pannonia and Illyricum, and subsequently made an inroad into Macedonia. From Europe a portion of them then passed into Asia Minor, and at last occupied the central portion of what was called, from its Gallic settlements, Gallatia. Their towns in this country were less numerous than those of their fellow-tribes; but, on the other hand, they could boast of having for their capital the largest and most celebrated city of the whole province, namely, Ancyra. (Vid. Ancyra.-Thierry, Hist. des Gaulois, vol. 1, p. 131, seqq.-Cramer's Asia Minor, vol. 2, p. 91.) TEGEA OF TEGA, a city of Arcadia, next to Mantinea, the most ancient and important in the country. It lay in an eastern direction from the southern part of the Mænalian ridge. This place was said to have been founded at a remote period by Tegeus, son of Lycaon. At this early period the republic consisted of several small townships, enumerated by Pausanias, which were probably all united by Aleus, an Arcadian chief, who was thus regarded as the real founder of the city. (Pausan., 8, 45.-Strabo, 337.) The Tegeata were early distinguished for their bravery among the Peloponnesian states: they could boast that their

After

that account, often called "Telamonius heros." Tel-
amon was banished, with Peleus, from his father's
court, for the accidental murder of their step-brother
Phocus; and, embarking on board a vessel, he was
thrown upon the island of Salamis. Here he was not
only hospitably entertained by its king Cychreus, but
received from him his daughter Glauce in marriage,
with the promise of succession to the throne.
the death of Glauce he married Peribaa, the daughter
of Alcathous; and, on the conquest of Troy by Her-
cules, whom he accompanied and aided, he received
from that hero the hand of Hesione, daughter of La-
omedon, and sister of Priam, from which last-men-
tioned union sprang Teucer, who was, therefore, the
half-brother of Ajax. Telamon distinguished himself
at the Calydonian boar-hunt, and also in the Argo-
nautic expedition; and, when the Trojan war broke
out, he despatched his sons Ajax and Teucer to sus-
tain that glory, to which the feebleness of age preclu-
ded him from any longer aspiring. Ajax slew himself
in the course of the war, on account of the arms of
Achilles, which had been awarded to Ulysses; and
the indignation of Telamon at the supineness of Teu-
cer in not having avenged his brother's death, caused
him to banish the young prince from his native island.
(Vid. Teucer.-Soph., Aj.—Apollod., 3, 12, 6, &c.
-Hygin., fab., 97.)

TELAMONIADES, a patronymic given to the descendants of Telamon.

TELCHINES, an ancient race in the island of Rhodes, said to have been originally from Crete. They were the inventors of many useful arts, and, according to Diodorus, passed for the sons of the Sea. (Diod. Sic., 5, 55.) Hence Simmias the Rhodian made Záy (a word meaning "sea") their mother. (Compare Bo

this, married one of the daughters of King Priam, and, as the son-in-law of that monarch, prepared to assas Priam against the Greeks, and with heroic valour ar tacked them when they had landed on the Mys coast. The carnage was great, and Telephus word have been victorious had not Bacchus, who protected the Greeks, suddenly raised a vine from the eart which entangled the feet of the monarch, and laid ba flat on the ground. Achilles immediately rushed tpm him, and wounded him so severely that he was car

chart, Phal., p. 371, where the line from Clemens of Alexandrea, Strom., 5, p. 374, is corrected.) With respect to their names and number, the ancient writers differ. Nonnus applies to them the two Dactyli-names Kelmis and Damnameneus. (Dionys., 14, 36.) Tzetzes, on the other hand, names five Telchines, Actaus, Megalesius, Ormenus, Nikon, and Simon. (Chil., 7, 125.) The Telchines are also represented as powerful enchanters, who hold in control the elements, and could bring clouds, rain, hail, and snow at pleasure. (Hesych., s. v. Oeλyives.—Suid., s. v. Teλxiveç.-ried away from the battle. The wound was moral Zenobius, Proverb., 5, 131.-Höck, Kreta, vol. 1, p. 345, seqq.-Id. ib., vol. 1, p. 354.-Consult remarks at the commencement of the article Rhodus.) TELEBOE OF TELEBOES, a people of Ætolia, called also Taphians. (Vid. Taphiæ.)

TELEBOIDES, islands between Leucadia and Acarnania. (Vid. Taphiæ.)

and Telephus was informed by the oracle that be alone who had inflicted it could totally cure it. Upen this, application was made to Achilles, but in va till Ulysses, who knew that Troy could not be take without the assistance of one of the sons of Hercules, and who wished to make Telephus the friend of the Greeks, persuaded Achilles to obey the directions of the TELEGÓNUS, a son of Ulysses and Circe, born in oracle. Achilles consented; and as the weapon wand the island of Eaa, where he was educated. When had given the wound could alone cure it, the be arrived at the years of manhood, he went to Ithaca to scraped the rust from the point of his spear, and, by make himself known to his father, but he was ship- applying it to the sore, gave it immediate relel. E wrecked on the coast, and, being destitute of provis- is said that Telephus showed himself so grateful w ions, he plundered some of the inhabitants of the isl- the Greeks, that he accompanied them to the Tropt and. Ulysses and Telemachus came to defend the war, and fought with them against bis father-in-la property of their subjects against this unknown inva- For other versions of the legend of Telephus, espe der; a quarrel arose, and Telegonus killed his father cially his exposure in infancy, consult the remanis e without knowing who he was. He afterward returned Heyne (ad Apollod., 3, 9, 1). Euripides, in his par to his native country, and, according to Hyginus, he entitled Telephus, adopted that form of the name carried thither his father's body, where it was buried. which made Telephus and his mother to have bee Telemachus and Penelope also accompanied him in shut up in an ark or coffer, and cast into the sea, t his return, and soon after the nuptials of Telegonus waves of which bore them to the mouth of the with Penelope were celebrated by order of Miner- Caïcus. (Heyne, l. c.) The wanderings and p Penelope had by Telegonus a son called Italus. erty of Telephus, while in quest of his parents, Telegonus was said to have founded Tusculum in often alluded to by the poets. (Aristoph., Nub, 95 Italy, and, according to some, he left one daughter-Id., Ran., 866.-Horat., Epist. ad Pis., 96called Mamilia, from whom the patrician family of the Mamilii at Rome were descended. (Horat., Od., 3, 29, 8.-Ovid, Fast., 3, 4.—Trist., 1, 1.-Hygin., fab., 127.)

va.

TELEMACHUS, a son of Ulysses and Penelope. He was still in the cradle when his father went with the rest of the Greeks to the Trojan war. At the end of this celebrated contest, Telemachus, anxious to see his father, went in quest of him; and, as the place of his residence and the cause of his long absence were then unknown, he visited the court of Menelaus and Nestor to obtain information. He afterward returned to Ithaca, where the suiters of his mother Penelope had conspired to destroy him; but he avoided their snares, and by means of Minerva he discovered his father, who had arrived in the island two days before him, and was then in the house of Eumæus. With this faithful servant and Ulysses, Telemachus concerted how to deliver his mother from the importunities of her suiters, and his efforts were crowned with success. After the death of his father, Telemachus is said to have gone to the island of Ææa, where he married Circe, or, according to others, Cassiphone, the daughter of Circe, by whom he had a son called Latinus. (Hom., Od.-Hygin., fab., 95, 125.) TELEPHUS, I. a king of Mysia, son of Hercules and Auge, the daughter of Aleus. He was exposed as soon as born on Mount Parthenius, on the confines of Argolis and Arcadia; but the babe was protected by the care of the gods; for a hind, which had just calved, came and suckled him; and the shepherds, finding him, named him Telephus from that circumstance (T2epos, from hapos, a hind.) Aleus gave his daughter Auge to Nauplius, the son of Neptune, to sell her out of the country; and he disposed of her to Teuthras, king of Teuthrania, on the Cayster, in Mysia, who made her his wife. Telephus having, when grown up, consulted the oracle respecting his parents, came to Mysia, where he was kindly received by Teuthras, whom he succeeded in his kingdom. Telephus, after

gin., fab., 101.)

TELLUS, the goddess of the Earth. (Vid. Op and Terra.)

TELMESSUS OF TELMISSUS, I. the last city of Lyc towards the west, and at the head of the Glauces & nus. It was famous for the skill possessed by its habitants in the art of divination (Arrian, Ers. A. 2, 3), and they were consulted at an early period br Croesus, king of Lydia. (Herod., 1, 78.) The rims of Telmissus are found at Méi, the port of Mar The theatre, and the porticoes and sepulchral char bers excavated in the rocks at this place, are some of the most remarkable remains of antiquity in As Mr nor. (Leake's Tour, p. 128.- Compare Cara Travels, vol. 3, p. 292, seqq., Lond. ed.; and F Excursion in Asia Minor, p. 244, seq.)—II. A car of Caria, about sixty stadia to the southeast of Bui carnassus, and on the Sinus Ceramicus. (Sad Tepeoeiç.- Larcher, Herod., Tabl. Geogr. III. A city of Pisidia, on the confines of the Sova, southeast of Themisonium. Its more usual name was Termissus. (Arrian, Exp. Alex., 1, 27.)

the a

TELO MARTIUS, a city and harbour on the coast of Gallia Narbonensis Secunda, now Toulon. It pears to have been an obscure place among cients, and to have grown into a city from a large col our establishment commenced here by the Romans the fifth century. The Itin. Ant. (566) alone maxes mention of it. (Bischoff und Möller, Wörter Geogr., p. 953.)

TELPHUSA, a city of Arcadia, forty stadia from Caus, and in a northeastern direction from Heras. Pasa ias found it in ruins and nearly deserted; but in earlier times it appears to have been a place of some note, and celebrated for the worship of the goddess Erinnys and Apollo Oncæus, whose temples were to be seen at a place called Oncæum, on the banks of the Ladon. (Pausan., 8, 25.-Steph. By 'Oykciov.) The city derived its name from Telpas, a daughter of the river Ladon. There was a founiam

here, the waters of which were so extremely cold, TENEDOS, an island of the Ægean, off the coast of that Tiresias was fabled to have died of drinking of Troas, about 56 miles to the north of Lesbos, whither them. The site of this place is supposed by Sir W. the Greeks retired, as Virgil relates, in order to surGell to correspond with the kalybea of Vanina (Itin-prise the Trojans. (Æn., 2, 21.-Ib., 254.) This islerary of the Morea, p. 120); but Müller is inclined to identify it with Katzioula, which is described by Gell as a miserable place in the neighbourhood of a large ruined city. (Dorians, vol. 2, p. 448, Oxford transl. -Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 3, p. 323.)

TEMENUS, Son of Aristomachus, and one of the Heraclidæ. (Vid. Heraclide.)

TEMERINDA, according to Pliny (6, 7), the Scythian name for the Palus Mæotis.-Compare the remarks of Ritter (Vorhalle, p. 161, seqq.).

and was at an earlier period called Leucophrys, from its white cliffs (Eustath. ad Il., p. 33.- Lycophr., 346); and it took the name of Tenedos from Tenes, son of Cycnus. (Vid. Tenes.) Tenedos received a colony of Æolians (Herod., 1, 149.—Thucyd., 7, 57), which flourished for many years, and became celebrated for the wisdom of its laws and civil institutions. This we collect from an ode of Pindar, inscribed to Aristagoras, prytanis or chief magistrate of the island. (Nem., 11.) Aristotle is known to have written on TEMESA, I. a town of the Bruttii, southwest of the polity of Tenedos. (Steph. Byz., s. v. Tévedos.) Terina, and near the coast. It was a place of great Apollo was the principal deity worshipped in the islantiquity, and celebrated for its copper-mines, to which and, as we know from Homer (I., 1, 37). According Homer is supposed to have referred in the Odyssey (1, to the same poet, Tenedos was taken by Achilles 182). This circumstance, however, is doubtful, as during the siege of Troy. (Il, 11, 624.) When the there was a town of the same name in Cyprus (Strabo, prosperity of Tenedos was on the decline, the inhab255); while others, again, considered the Homeric itants placed themselves under the protection of the Temesa as identical with Brundisium. (Eustath, ad flourishing city of Alexandrea Troas. At a still later Hom., Od., l. c.) In Strabo's time these mines ap- period, it derived again some importance from the pear to have been exhausted. The situation of Tem-granaries which Justinian caused to be erected there, esa is not fully ascertained. Opinions vary between for the purpose of housing the cargoes of corn brought Malvito, San Lucito, Torre Loppa, and Torre del pi- from Egypt and intended for Constantinople, but ano del Casale. (Cramer's Anc. Italy, vol. 2, p. which were frequently delayed by contrary winds blow418.)-II. According to some, the same with Brundis-ing from the Hellespont. (Procop., Ed. Justin., 5, 1.) ium. (Vid. preceding article.)-III. A place in the island of Cyprus. (Vid. Temesa I.)

worthy of notice; in the streets, the walls, and burying-grounds were pieces of marble and fragments of pillars, with a few inscriptions." (Travels in Asia Minor, p. 22.) The position of Tenedos, so near the mouth of the Hellespont, has always rendered it a place of importance in both ancient and modern times. Bochart derives the name from the Phoenician word Tinedum, red clay, which was found here and used for earthenware. (Cramer's Asia Minor, vol. 1, p. 111, seqq.)

There were several proverbs connected with the history of Tenedos, which may be found in Stephanus of TEMPE (plur. neut.), a valley in Thessaly, between Byzantium (s. v. Tévedos). It may be worth while to Mount Olympus at the north and Ossa at the south, remark, that Nymphiodorus, a geographical writer quothrough which the river Peneus flowed into the Æge-ted by Athenæus, affirmed, that the women of Tenean. The poets have described it as a most delightful dos were of surpassing beauty (13, p. 60)-When spot, with cool shades and verdant walks, which the Chandler visited this island, which retains its ancient warbling of birds rendered more pleasing and attract-name, he found there "but few remains of antiquity ive. Tempe extended about five miles in length, but varied in its breadth so as to be in some places only a plethrum (about 100 feet) or a little more.-Elian has left a very animated and picturesque description of its scenery (Var. Hist., 3, 1).-It appears to have been a generally received notion among the ancients, that the gorge of Tempe was caused by some great convulsion in nature, which, bursting asunder the mountainbarrier by which the waters of Thessaly were pent up, afforded them an egress to the sea. Modern travellers differ in their accounts of this celebrated vale. Hawkins (Walpole's Collect., vol. 1, p. 517) states that "the scenery by no means corresponds with the idea that has been generally conceived of it, and that the eloquence of Elian has given rise to expectations which the traveller will not find realized." He would seem, however, to have confounded the Vale of Tempe with the narrow defile which the Peneus traverses between Mount Olympus and Mount Ossa, near its entrance into the sea. Professor Palmer, of Cambridge, appears to have been more successful in the search. "After riding nearly an hour close to the bay in which, the Peneus discharges itself, we turned," says this traveller, "south, through a delightful plain, which, after a quarter of an hour, brought us to an opening between Ossa and Olympus; the entrance to a vale, that, in situation, extent, and beauty, amply satisfies whatever the poets have said of Tempe." (Walpole's MS. Journal, Clarke's Travels, pt. 2, s. 3. p. 274.-Consult Cramer's Description of Ancient Greece, vol. 1, p. 378.)

TENCHTHERI, a nation of Germany, who, in conjunction with the Usipetes, crossed the Rhine, were defeated by the Romans, and found protection and new settlements among the Sicambri. In their most flourishing period, the Tenchtheri dwelt in the southern part of the Duchy of Cleve, and also in that of Berg; they also took part in the confederacy of the Cherusci. (Cæs., B. G., 4, 16.-Tac., Ann., 13, 56.-Id., Hist., 4, 21.-Id., Germ., 32.)

TENES (or, more correctly, TENNES), son of Cycnus, king of Colonæ, a town of Troas, and of Proclea the daughter of Clytius. After the death of Proclea, Cycnus married Philonome, daughter of Craugasus, who became enamoured of Tennes; but, finding it impossible to shake his principles of duty, she accused him to her husband of a dishonourable act of violence. The father believed the charge, and, confining Tennes and his sister in an ark or coffer (eç λápvaka), cast them into the sea. They both, however, came safe to Tenedos, then called Leucophrys, the name of which Tennes changed to Tenedos after himself, and became monarch of the island. Some time after, Cycnus discovered the guilt of his wife Philonome, and, as he wished to be reconciled to his son, whom he had so grossly injured, he went to Tenedos; but, when he had secured his ship to the shore, Tennes cut the fastenings with a hatchet, and suffered his father's ship to be tossed about in the sea. From this circumstance, the hatchet of Tennes became proverbial to intimate a resentment that could not be pacified. Some, however, suppose that the proverb arose from the severity of a law made by a king of Tenedos against adultery, by which the guilty were both decapitated with a hatchet, and under which law his own son suffered death. (Suid., s. v. Tevédws Evvyopos.) Tennes, as some suppose, was killed by Achilles as ha defended his island against the Greeks, and he receiv ed divine honours after death. (Pausan., 10, 4.Heracl. Pont., Polit., p. 209.-Strabo, 380, 604.Conon, Narrat., p. 24, 130.)

« PoprzedniaDalej »