Punic war. He reduced Brundisium, and, in his sec- | his captivity; and that the whole story respecting his ond consulship, took 64, and sunk 30, galleys of the punishment was invented by the Roman writers, or Carthaginian fleet off Ecnomus, on the coast of Sicily. else by the wife of Regulus, in order to palliate the After this victory, Regulus and his colleage Manlius cruelty of which the latter had been guilty towards the sailed to Africa, and seized on Clupea, a place situ- Carthaginian captives delivered into her hands. This ate to the east of Carthage, not far from the Hermean same opinion has been embraced by many subsequent promontory, which they made their place of arms. writers. (Compare Gesner, in Chrestom., Cic., p. Manlius was recalled, but Regulus was left to prose- 547.- Wesseling, ad Diod., l. c.-Jani, ad Horat., cute the war; and so rapid was his success, that he Od., 3, 5, 49.-Lefeb., ad Sil. Ital., 6, 539.—Toland, made himself master of about 200 places on the coast, Collection of several pieces, Lond., 1726, vol. 2, p. in the number of which was Tunetum or Tunis. The 28.-Foreign Review, vol. 1, p. 305.- Bötticher, Carthaginians sued for peace, but Regulus would grant Geschichte der Carthager, p. 205, &c.-Beaufort, sur them none, except on conditions that could not be en- l'incertitude de l'Histoire Romaine, 1738, 8vo, sub dured. His rapid success had rendered him haughty fin.-Rooss, De Suppliciis quibus Regulus Carthaand intractable, and now it made him rash and impru-gine traditus interfectus.-Magazin für offentl. Schudent. A Lacedæmonian leader, named Xanthippus, len, Bremen, 1791, vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 50, seqq.) The arrived at Carthage with a re-enforcement of Greek arguments in favour of this opinion are strong, and we troops, and soon changed the aspect of affairs. Ob- might almost say decisive. In the first place, the Roserving to the Carthaginians that their overthrows man writers are all at variance among themselves rewere entirely owing to their having fought on ground, specting the nature of the punishment supposed to where their cavalry, in which alone they were superior have been inflicted on Regulus. Cicero (De Fin., 2, to the Romans, had not room to act, he promised to 20.- Ibid., 5, 27.-Pis., c. 19.-De Off., 3, 27), repair this mistake, and accordingly posted his forces Seneca (De Prov., c. 3), Valerius Maximus (9, 2, in a plain, where the elephants and Carthaginian horse ext. 1), Tuditanus and Tubero (ap. Aul. Gell., 6, 4), might be of service. Regulus followed him, imagin- Silius Italicus (6, 539, seqq.), Aurelius Victor (c. ing himself invincible; but he was defeated and taken 40), and Zonaras (Ann., vol. 2), make Regulus to prisoner, along with 500 of his countrymen. After have had his eyelids cut off, and to have died of want being kept some years in prison, he was sent to Rome of sleep and of hunger. Seneca (loc. cit., Epist., et to propose an exchange of prisoners, having been first 98), Silius Italicus (2, 343, seqq.), and Florus (2, 2), compelled to bind himself by an oath that he would re- speak also of the cross as an instrument of his sufferturn in case he proved unsuccessful. When he came ings. And, finally, Seneca (De Prov., c. 3.-De to Rome, he strongly dissuaded his countrymen against tranq. an., c. 15.— Epist., 67), Cicero (Pis., 19), an exchange of prisoners, arguing that such an exam- Valerius Maximus (9, 2, ext. 1), Aurelius Victor and ple would be of fatal consequence to the republic: that Zonaras (ll., cc.), Silius Italicus (6, 539, seqq.), Orocitizens who had so basely surrendered their arms to sius (4, 8), Augustin (De Civ. Dei, 1, 15), Appian the enemy were unworthy of the least compassion and (De Reb. Pun., c. 4.-Exc., 2, ex. lib. 5.-De Reb. incapable of serving their country: that, with regard Sic., vol. 1, p. 93, ed. Schweigh.), tell of a narrow to himself, he was so far advanced in years, that his box or barrel, full of nails, in which he was confined; death ought to be considered as a matter of no impor- and, being compelled to stand continually, perished at tance; whereas they had in their hands several Car- last with exhaustion. This discrepance, therefore, thaginian generals, in the flower of their age, and ca- gives the whole story much the appearance of a popupable of doing their country great services for many lar fable, owing its origin to, and heightened in many years. It was with difficulty the senate complied with of its features by, national feeling.-Another argument so generous and unexampled a counsel. The illus- against the authenticity of the narrative in question is trious exile therefore left Rome, in order to return to derived from the total silence of Polybius, who treats Carthage, unmoved by the sorrow of his friends, or the fully, in his history, of the events of the first Punic tears of his wife and children; and was treated on his war, respecting not merely the punishment of Regureturn, according to the ordinary account, with the ut-lus, but even his coming to Rome and his return to most degree of cruelty, the Carthaginians having heard Carthage.-A third and still stronger argument is dethat their offer had been rejected entirely through the duced from the language of Diodorus Siculus, who opposition of Regulus. They imprisoned him for a makes the widow of Regulus to have been urged to long while in a gloomy dungeon, whence, after cutting punish the captives in her hands from the persuasion off his eyelids, they brought him suddenly into the sun, that her husband had died the victim of carelessness and when its beams darted their strongest heat. They neglect on the part of the Carthaginians (voμioaoa di next put him into a kind of chest full of nails, the ἀμέλειαν αὐτὸν ἐκλελοιπέναι τὸ ζῆν, frag., lib. 24 ; points of which did not allow him a moment's ease vol. 9, p. 344, ed. Bip.) The natural inference day or night. Lastly, after having been long torment- from such language is, that the husband had not been ed by being kept continually awake in this dreadful treated with sufficient care while labouring under some torture, his merciless enemies nailed him to a cross, malady, and that this neglect caused his death; it is their usual punishment, and left him to die on it. In impossible to derive from the words of the text any retaliation for this cruelty, the senate at Rome are said meaning favourable to the idea of positive and actual to have delivered two captives into the hands of the punishment.-The captives in the hands of the widow widow of Regulus, to do with them what she pleased; of Regulus were two in number, Bostar and Hamilcar, but that her cruelty towards them was so great, that and they had been delivered up to her, it is said, to the senate themselves were compelled at length to in- pacify her complaints, and as hostages for the safety terfere. Such is a general outline of the story of of Regulus. For five days they were kept without Regulus. The question respecting its truth or false- food: Bostar died of hunger and grief, and Hamilcar hood has given rise to considerable discussion. Pal- was then shut up with the dead body for five days lonmerius first started an objection to the common nar-ger, a scanty allowance of food being at the same time rative (Exercit. in Auct. Græc., p. 151, seqq.), and, given him. The stench from the corpse and other as well from the silence of Polybius on this point as circumstances caused the affair to become known, and from a fragment of Diodorus Siculus (lib. 24, p. 273; the sons of Regulus narrowly escaped being condemnseqq., ed. Vales; vol. 2, p. 566, ed. Wesseling; vol. 9, ed to death by the people. Hamilcar was taken away p. 524, ed. Bip.), ingeniously conjectured that Regulus from his cruel keeper, and carefully attended until his was never sent from Carthage to Rome; that he was restoration to health. (Diod. Sic., frag., lib. 24, vol. not the victim of toitures, but died of a disease during 9, p. 346, ed. Bip.) Would the Roman senate and

and Saturn devoured a stone which his wife had given | however, remained long a prey to adverse factions, him as her own child. The fears of Saturn were soon proved to be well founded. A year after, the child, whose name was Jupiter, became so strong and powerful, that he drove his father from his throne. (Vid. Saturnus.)-II. or Rhea Silvia, the mother of Romulus and Remus. (Vid. Ilia.)

and it was not till it had undergone various changes and revolutions in its internal administration that it obtained at last a moderate and stable form of government. (Thucyd., 4, 1.—Justin, 4, 3.) The connexion which subsisted between Rhegium and the Chalcidian colonies in Sicily, induced Rhegium to take part with the Athenians in their first hostilities against the Syracusans and Locrians; the latter, indeed, proved their constant enemies, and sought to in

4, 24.) In the great Sicilian expedition the Rhegians observed a strict neutrality; for, though the Athenian fleet was long moored in their roads, and its commanders employed all their arts of persuasion to prevail upon them to join their cause, they remained firm in their determination. (Thucyd., 6, 44.) The same policy seems to have directed their counsels at the time that Dionysius the elder was meditating the subjection of Sicily and Magna Græcia. They constantly opposed the designs of that tyrant; and, had the other states of Magna Græcia displayed the same en

RHEGIUM, one of the most celebrated and flourishing cities of Magna Græcia, at the extremity of Italy, in the territory of the Bruttii, and in a southeastern direction from Messana on the opposite coast of Sicily.jure them by every means in their power. (Thucyd., This city is known to have been founded nearly 700 years B.C., by a party of Zancleans from Sicily, together with some Chalcidians from Euboea, and Messenians from the Peloponnesus. (Antioch. Syrac., Strab., 257.-Herac., Pont. fragm., 25.—Pausan., 4, 23.) It may, however, lay claim to a still more remote origin, if it be true, as Cato affirmed, that it was once in the possession of the Aurunci. (Ap. Val. Prob. ecl. et. Fragm. Hist.) According to Eschylus, as quoted by Strabo, the name of Rhegium was supposed to refer to the great catastrophe which had once separated Italy from Sicily (up' où on 'Phylov kikλýσ-ergy, the ambitious views of this artful prince would κεται.- και -Compare Virg., En., 3, 414). That geog- have been completely frustrated; but, after the defeat rapher suggests as his own opinion, that this term experienced by their forces on the Elleporus, they ofwas derived from the Latin word Regium; and thus fered no farther resistance; and Rhegium being thus considers it as only expressive of the importance and left unsupported, was compelled, after a gallant dedignity of the town to which it was attached. (Strab., fence of nearly a year, to yield to the Sicilian forces. 257.) It appears, however, from the more ancient The few inhabitants who escaped from famine and the coins of Rhegium, that the original name of the place sword were removed to Sicily, and the place was givwas RECION. In these the epigraph is REC. RECI. en up to pillage and destruction. Some years after, RECINOS, in characters partaking more of the Os- it was, however, partly restored by the younger Diocan than of the Greek form. Those of a more recent nysius, who gave it the name of Phobia. (Strabo, date are decidedly Greek, PHT. PHTINËN, being in- 258.) During the war with Pyrrhus, this city was scribed on them. (Sestini, Mon. Vet., p. 18.)-We seized by a body of Campanians, who had been stamay collect from different passages, that the constitu- tioned there as a garrison by the Romans, and was, in tion of Rhegium was at first an oligarchy under the consequence, exposed to all the licentiousness and rasuperior direction of a chief, who was always chosen pacity of those mercenary troops. The Roman senfrom a Messenian family. (Heyne, Opusc. Acad., vol. ate at length freed the unfortunate citizens from their 2, p. 270.-Sainte-Croix, sur la Legisl. de la Grande persecutors, and consigned the latter to the fate which Grece, Mem. des Acad. des Inscr., vol. 42, p. 312.) they so justly merited. (Strabo, l. c.—Polyb., 1, 7. Charondas, the celebrated lawgiver of Catana in Sici-Liv., Epit., 12 et 15.)-The city of Rhegium susly, is said also to have given laws to the Rhegians. tained great injury at a later period from the repeated (Heracl. Pont., 1. c.-Elian, V. H., 3, 17.-Aristot., shocks of an earthquake, which occurred not long bePolit., 2, 10.) This form of government lasted near-fore the Social war, or 90 B.C. It was, in consely 200 years, until Anaxilaus, the second of that name, usurped the sole authority, and became tyrant of Rhegium about 496 B.C. (Strabo, l. c.—Aristot., Polit., 5, 12.) Under this prince, who, though aspiring and ambitious, appears to have been possessed of considerable talents and many good qualities (Justin, 4, 2), the prosperity of Rhegium, far from declining, reached its highest elevation. Anaxilaus having succeeded in making himself master of Messana, in conjunction with a party of Samians, who had quitted their country, which was then threatened with the Persian yoke (Herod., 6, 23.-Thucyd., 6, 5), confided the sovereignty of that important town to his son Cleophron. (Schol. ad Pind., Pyth., 2, 34.) His views were next directed against the Locrians; and it is probable that here also he would have been successful, having already obtained a decided advantage over them in the field, and having proceeded, farther, to lay siege to their town (Justin, 21, 3), when he was compelled to withdraw his forces by the influence of Hiero, king of Syracuse, whose enmity he was unwilling to incur. (Schol. ad Pind., l. c.) Anaxilaus reigned eighteen years, and, on his death, intrusted the sovereignty to Mici- RHENEA, a small island near Delos; so near, in fact, thus, his minister and chief counsellor, until his sons that Polycrates of Samos is said to have dedicated it should arrive at a proper age to undertake the man- to Apollo, connecting it to the latter island by means agement of affairs. He held the power until the young of a chain. (Thucyd., 3, 104.) Strabo says the disprinces had attained this age, and then resigning it to them, retired to Tegea. About six years after his resignation, the Rhegians succeeded in recovering their liberty, and freeing themselves from the tyrannical government of the sons of Anaxilaus. The city,

quence, nearly deserted when Augustus, after having conquered Sextus Pompeius, established there a considerable body of veteran soldiers for his fleet; and Strabo affirms, that in his day this colony was in a flourishing state. (Strab., 259.) Hence also the appellation of Julium, which later authors have applied to designate this town. (Ptol., p. 62.) Few cities. of Magna Græcia could boast of having given birth to so many distinguished characters as Rhegium, whether statesmen, philosophers, men of literature, or artists of celebrity. Among the first were many followers of Pythagoras, who are enumerated by Iamblichus in his life of that philosopher. Theagenes, Hippys, Lycus, surnamed Butera, and Glaucus, were historians of note; Ibycus, Cleomenes, and Lycus, the adoptive father of Lycophron, were poets, whose works were well known in Greece. Clearchus and Pythagoras are spoken of as statuaries of great reputation; the latter, indeed, is said to have even excelled the famous Myron. (Plin., 35, 8.—Pausan., 6, 4.) The modern name of the place is Reggio. (Cramer's Anc. Italy, vol. 2, p. 427.)

tance which separates them is four stadia. (Strabo, 480.-Herod., 3, 96.-Plin., 4, 12.). Its other names were Celadussa and Artemis. According to modern maps, Rhenea, which is larger than Delos, is also called Sdili. (Cramer's Anc, Greece, vol. 3, p. 401.)

RHENUS, I. a celebrated river of Europe, rising in the Lepontine Alps, a little to the east of Mount St. Gothard, in the country of the Grisons. It passes through Lacus Brigantinus, or the Lake of Constance, and afterward through Lacus Acronius, or the Lake of Zell, and continues to run nearly west until it reaches Basilia or Básle. Here it takes a northern direction, and becomes the boundary between Gallia and Germania, and afterward between the latter and Belgium. At Schenck, or Schenken Schans, the Rhenus sends off its left-hand branch, the Vahalis or Waal, which flows west, and joins the Mosa or Meuse. After parting with the Vahalis, the Rhenus flows on a few miles farther to the north, and then divides into two streams, of which the one to the right hand had the name of Flevo, or Flevus, or Flevum, now the Yssal, and the other that of Helium, now the Leck. The latter joins the Meuse above Rotterdam. The Yssal was originally unconnected with the Rhine, but was joined to it by the canal of Drusus. Before it reached the sea, it traversed a small lake called Flevo, which, by the increase of waters it received through the Yssal from the Rhine, became in time expanded, and forms now the Zuyder Zee. (Vid. Flevo.) The whole course of the Rhine is 900 miles, of which 630 are navigable from Bâsle to the sea. The Rhine was long a barrier between the Ro-day. (Itin. of Morea, p. 6 mans and Germans; it was first crossed by Julius Cæsar. The word Rhein, which signifies a "current" or stream," appears to be of Celtic or ancient Germanic origin. (Cæs., B. G., 4, 20. — Tac., Germ., 1, 28, 29-Id., Ann., 2, 6.—Id., Hist., 2, 26.- Mela, 2, 5.-Id., 3, 2.-Plin., 4, 15.)-II. A small river of Cisalpine Gaul, rising in the northern part of Etruria, and falling into the Padus or Po. It is now the Reno, and is celebrated in history for the meeting of the second triumvirate, which took place A.U.C. 709, in an island formed by its stream. Appian seems to place the island in the Lavinius; but his testimony ought not to stand against the authority of Plutarch (Vit. Cic. et Ant.), Dio Cassius (46, 55), and Suetonius (Vit. Aug., c. 96), who all agree in placing the scene of the event close to Bononia or Bologna. The spot which witnessed this famous meeting is probably that which is now known by the name of Crocetta del Trebbo, where there is an island in the Rheno, about half a mile long and one third broad, and about two miles to the west of Bologna. mer's Anc. Italy, vol. 1, p. 88.)

Ten epigrams of his also remain, which are given m the Anthology. (Scholl, Hist. Lat. Gr., vol. 3, p. 123.)

RHINOCOLURA, a town on the coast of the Mediter ranean; assigned at one time to Egypt, at another to Syria, and lying on the confines of both. It was an important commercial place, and the great mart for the Arabian trade. The modern El Arish occupies its site. It derives its name, according to Strabo, from the circumstance of offenders being sent thither as to a place of exile, after having been first deprived of their noses (pív, the nose, and kwλvw, to mutilate), a custom said to have been practised by one of the Ethi opian invaders of Egypt. (Strab., 780.) The story is evidently untrue; and the name would appear to be, not of Greek, but Egyptian origin. Diodorus Siculus (1, 60) says that this town was destitute of all the conveniences of life; that its water was bitter and obnoxious; and that it was surrounded with salt marshes. It was in the vicinity of this place that the Israelites were nourished with quails. (Liv., 45, 11.—Pitn., 5, 13.-Itin. Ant., 151.-Hierocl., p. 726.)

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RHION, or, as the Latins write the word, RHIUM, & promontory of Achaia, opposite Antirrhium in Ætolia. The strait is seven stadia across. The castle of the Morca occupies the site of this place at the present Chandler's Travels, vol. 2, ch. 72.) Strabo makes the strait only five stadia, but he seems to identify Rhium with Drep num. (Strab., 335.-Vid. remarks under Antirrhium)

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RHIPHÆI, mountains in the north of Europe, near the sources of the Tanais, according to Ptolemy. What he designates, however, as such, do not, in reality, exist there. If he marks a chain of mountans more to the north, actual observation affords nothing corresponding, except it be the chain which separates Russia from Siberia. (Plin., 4, 12.-Lucan, 3, 272; 3, 382; 4, 418.-Virg., G., 1, 240; 4, 518.)

RHODANUS OF RHONE, a large and rapid river of Europe, rising among the Lepontine Alps, not more than two leagues south of the sources of the Rhine It passes through the Lacus Lemanus, or Lake of Geneva, five leagues below which it disappears between two rocks for a considerable way, rises again. flows with great rapidity in a southern direction, and discharges itself by three mouths into the Sinus Gailicus, or Gulf of Lyons, in the Mediterranean The (Cra-largest of these mouths was, in the days of Pliny, called Massilioticum; the other two were much less, and had the common name of Libyca, although each was also known by a distinct appellation. Hispani ense Ostium denoted the western or the one next to Hispania, and Metapinum that in the middle. The course of the Rhone is about 400 miles, during which it falls 5400 feet. In Strabo's time it was navigable some distance up; but its mouths are now so fal of rocks, brought down from the mountains by s impetuous current, that no ship can enter them. The upward navigation in smaller vessels can only, on account of the rapid current, be performed by draught or steam. This river is largest in summer, and is a its greatest height soon after the longest day. This is most probably occasioned by the heat of the sun meking part of the snow on the Alps during the summer months. For some remarks on the origin of the name Rhodanus, vid. Eridanus. (Mela, 2, 5; 3, 3.—Orid, Met., 2, 258.-Sil. Ital., 3, 447.—Cæs., B. G., 1, L.

RHESUS, a king of Thrace, son of the Strymon and the muse Terpsichore, who marched, at a late period of the Trojan war, to the aid of Priam, with a numerous army. His arrival was expected with great impatience, as an ancient oracle had declared that Troy should never be taken if the horses of Rhesus drank the waters of the Xanthus, and fed upon the grass of the Trojan plains. This oracle was well known to the Greeks, and therefore two of their best generals, Diomedes and Ulysses, were commissioned by the rest to intercept the Thracian prince. The Greeks entered his camp in the night, slew him, and carried away his horses to their camp. (Apollod., 1, 3.-Virg., En., 1, 473.—Ovid, Met., 13, 98.)

RHIANUS, a Greek poet, a native of Bena in Crete, who flourished about 230 B.C. He was originally a slave in a school of exercise. Rhianus wrote an Heracleid, Thessalica, Messeniaca, Achaica, and Eliaca. Of all these poems we have only about thirty-three-Plin., 3, 4.-Lucan, 1, 433; 6, 475.) lines remaining. The titles of his productions appear RHODOPE, a mountain range of Thrace, forming, in to indicate, that if, like Chorilus of Samos, he gave a great degree, its western boundary, and evidently history an epic form, his choice, nevertheless, fell on subjects which lost themselves in remote antiquity, or which, like the Messenian war, were almost as much within the domain of imagination as of history. The fragments of Rhianus are contained in the collections of Winterton, Brunck, Gaisford, and Boissonade.

identical with the Scomius of Thucydides (2, 96) Herodotus gives it the appellation of Rhodope, and asserts that the Thracian river Escius (now Isker) rises in this mountain (4, 49), while Thucydides mases it flow from Scomius. Again, Herodotus has placed Rhodope in the vicinity of the Bisalta, who were ca

tainly much to the south of the sources of the Strymon. But all this is easily explained, when we take into consideration the vague manner in which these writers employ the various names of this great chain. Virgil has several times mentioned Rhodope as a mountain of Thrace. (Georg., 3, 461; ibid., 4, 461. -Eclog., 6, 30.)-Theocritus classes it among the highest summits of the ancient world (7, 77.—Cra-account of the numerous serpents it contained when mer's Anc. Greece, vol. 1, p. 272).

for a rose is none other than the lotus, and he seeks from this to connect the early religious system of Rhodes with the most ancient worship of the East. (Vorhalle, p. 338.) Bochart, of course, is in favour of a Phoenician etymology, and, availing himself of one of the ancient names of the island mentioned above, namely, Ophiussa or "Snake Island," given to it on first inhabited, says that the Phoenicians also called it RHODOPIS OF RHODOPE, a celebrated hetærist of an- Snake Island, which in their language was Gezirathtiquity, a native of Thrace. She was contemporary Rhod. From this last word, which signifies with Esop, the fabulist, and was a slave under the snake," the Greeks, he thinks, formed the name 'Pódos same roof with him at Samos. Xanthus, a Samian, (Rhodes). The same scholar derives the appellation afterward took her to Egypt, where she was purchased Stadia from the Hebrew or Phoenician Tsadia, "desoand manumitted by Charaxus of Mytilene, the brother late." (Geogr. Sacr., 1, 7, c. 369, seqq.)—In addition of Sappho, who became deeply enamoured of her. to the earlier names cited above from Strabo, it may (Herod., 2, 134.-Strab., 808.) She settled, after her not be amiss to mention the following as given by manumission, at Naucratis, in Egypt; and, according Pliny (5, 31), namely, Asteria, Æthrea, Corymbia, to one account, a pyramid was erected in honour of Paessa, Atabyria, Macris, and Oloessa.-As this isl her by some of the governors of the adjacent nomes, and lay on the dividing line between the Egean and at their common expense. (Diod. Sic., 1, 64.-Stra- the eastern part of the Mediterranean, it became, at a bo, l. c.) Elian relates, that as Rhodopis was bath- very early period, a stopping-place for navigators, as ing on one occasion, an eagle, having flown down, well for the Phoenician mariners in their voyages to seized upon one of her sandals, and, having conveyed Greece, as for the Greeks in their route to the farther it through the air to Memphis, dropped it into the bo- coast of Asia. Hence, too, it became very speedily som of Psammitichus, who was dispensing justice at inhabited. As its first settlers, we find the Telchines the time. The monarch, having admired the beauty mentioned, who are styled "sons of Thalassa" (vioì and elegant shape of the sandal, and being struck also Oahúoons), i. e., of the sea," in allusion, evidently, by the singular mode in which he had become pos- to their having come from foreign parts. (Diod. Sic., 5, sessed of it, caused inquiry to be made for the owner 55.-Strabo, 654.) They were said to have migrated throughout the land of Egypt; and when he discovered originally from Crete to Cyprus, and from the latter that the sandal belonged to Rhodopis, he made her his island to Rhodes. They brought with them the art of queen. (Elian, V. H., 13, 33.-Strab., l. c.) Ac-working iron and copper; they were the first, also, to cording to this version of the story, the pyramid was form statues of the gods, and they were, in addition erected to her after death, as a royal tomb.-Herodo- to this, powerful enchanters, who could summon at tus, in arguing against the supposition that the pyra- pleasure clouds, rain, hail, and snow, and could asmid in question was the tomb of Rhodopis, makes her sume various forms. (Diod. Sic. et Strabo, ll. cc.) to have lived under Amasis (2, 134). Now, as there In all this we recognise the wonder produced among waz an interval of forty-five years between the death a barbarous race of men, by a race of strangers posof Psammitichus and the accession of Amasis, Perizo-sessed of the elements of useful knowledge, and nius is no doubt right in thinking that there were two hetærists named Rhodopis, one who became the queen of Psammitichus, and the other the fellow-slave of Æsop, in the time of Amasis. The latter will be the one whom Sappho calls Doricha, and of whom her brother Charaxus was enamoured. (Perizon., ad El., 1. c. Bayle, Dict., s. v. Rhodope.) Achilles Tatius states, that there was near Tyre a small island which the Tyrians called the tomb of Rhodope. This, how-ination, of an approaching deluge, left, nearly all of ever, may be the mere fiction of the writer. (Achill. Tat., de Clit. et Leuc. am., 2, 17.)

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taught by experience to prognosticate the variations of the atmosphere (Vid. Telchines). Tradition goes on to state, that Neptune, who had now attained to manhood, became the father of six sons and one daughter by Halia, the sister of the Telchines. This daughter's name was Rhodus, and hence, according to the legend, was derived the name of the island. The Telchines subsequently, made aware, by their skill in div

them, the island, and were scattered over various countries. Some of their number, however, remained, and, RHODUS ('Pódoc), a celebrated island in the Mediter- when the deluge came, fled to the higher grounds, ranean Sea, lying southwest of the coast of Caria, and where they saved themselves. It was here that the being about forty-three miles distant from the main- Sun beheld Rhodus, and became captivated by her land. It is longer from north to south than from east beauty. He checked the inundation, called the island to west. Strabo gives its circuit 900 stadia (Strabo, after her name, and became by her the father of the 651), but Pliny 130 miles, or, according to another Heliadæ, seven in number, and of one daughter, called measurement, 103. (Pliny, 5, 28.) According to Electryone. The Heliade are said to have been well Sonnini, its greatest length is about twelve leagues, skilled in the sciences, to have invented astrology, to and its breadth six, while its circumference is com- have taught the art of navigation, and to have divided monly estimated at forty-four leagues. Its form is the day into hours. From one of their number the nearly triangular, whence it obtained the name of Tri- Egyptians obtained a knowledge of astrology. (Diod. nacria. According to Strabo, it was originally called Sic., 5, 57.) The island of Rhodes remained from Ophiussa ('Optovoσa) and Stadia, and subsequently henceforth consecrated to the sun; and, according to Telchinis. Its latest name, Rhodus, was derived, Pliny (2, 62), it continued ever after a favourite boast according to Diodorus Siculus (5, 55), from Rhodus, a on the part of the Rhodians, that not a day passed daughter of Neptune and Halia. Others, however, during which their island was not illumined, for an have sought for the origin of this appellation in the hour at least, by the solar rays. The eldest of the Greek podov, signifying a rose, with which species of Heliade was succeeded in the government of the islflower the island is said to abound; and, in confirma- and by his three sons, Lindus, Ialyssus, and Camirus, tion of this etymology, it has been alleged that the who each founded a city, and called it after his name. figure of a rose is given on the reverse of many Rho- About this period, Danaus, flying from Egypt, came dian coins still extant. (Rasche, Lex. Rei. Num., to Rhodes, with his daughters, and built a temple to vol. 7, p. 1027.-Bayer, Diss. de Nummo Rhodio, p. Minerva; and, not long after, Cadmus, with his Phoe492.-Compare Schol. ad Pind., Olymp., 7, 24.) Rit-nicians, also came, being in quest of his sister Europa. ter, however, maintains, that the flower here mistaken From these and other mythological legends, it will ap