[PROFESSION OF EADULF.] omnia fateor: necnon et tibi, pater beatissime et amantissime Wulfrede Archiepiscope, tuisque successoribus veridica professione confiteor stabilem obedientiæ præbere præceptum votorum meorum sine ullo scrupulo falsæ cogitationis usque ad terminum vitæ meæ. Ego Humberht mea propria manu perenni signaculo sanctæ crucis Christi firmando roboravi. [Reg. Cant. A. 1. fo. 286.] a According to the Chronicle, Ethelwald Bishop of Lichfield died in A.D. 828 (correct A.D. 830), the year of Wiglaf's restoration. Humbert appears in the ancient lists as his successor. He is not, however, noticed by his successor Kynferth, who mentions in his Pro fession the three preceding Bishops of his see; nor can his name be certainly identified in charters, another Humbert, Bishop of Elmham, flourishing at the same time. He probably ruled only for a very short time. A.D. 825×831. Profession of obedience made by Eadulf Bishop of Hereford to Wulfred Archbishop of Canterburya. PROFESSIO EADULFI.-In nomine Altithroni pii Salvatoris mundi, Ego Eadulfus electus Christi famulus humiliter confiteor, quia cum omnipotentis Dei misericordia Cujus consilium stat et omnis voluntas fiet, semper quamdiu erit halitus in me et spiritus in naribus meis, sanctæ Ecclesiæ Christi et tibi Wulfrede gratia Dei Archiepiscope tuisque successoribus, quem superna prævidens pietas prædestinavit in patrem, necnon devota et fideli mente et pura cordis stabilitate semper deservire et obedire nitor; et illam sanctam et apostolicam fidem quam prædecessores nostri digne servaverunt cum omni humilitate et obedientia, Divina simul et humana, sicut patres mei ipsi sanctæ sedi Dorobernensis Ecclesiæ subjuncti sunt, semper custodire me velle humiliter per omnia confiteor. Et quod illi ubique plebi Dei juste prædicaverunt et prædicando servaverunt hoc prædicare et custodire non cesso, favente et volente Domino Salvatore nostro Jesu Christo. Ego Eadulfus hanc cartulam confessionis nostræ mea propria manu perenni titulo signo sanctæ crucis Christi firmando subscribo. . [MS. Cotton, Cleopatra E. 1; Textus Roffensis, ed. Hearne, p. 262.] a This profession contains no mention of the see of the writer: but his successor Bishop Diorlaf enumerates his three predecessors as Cuthwulf, Eadulf, and Beonna; and the name of Eadulf appears as attesting a charter of A.D. 836 in company with his namesake the Bishop of Lindsey (K. C. D., CCXXXVII.). [FEOLOGELD ARCHBISHOP.] 3 XVI. FEOLOGELD, A.D. 832. [A.D. 832. Elected April 25. Consecrated June 9. Died August 30. (A. S. C., ad A.D. 829.)] Feologeld appears as the 16th Archbishop of Canterbury in the ancient lists (M. H. B. 616). The dates of his promotion and death are recorded only in MS. Domitian A. VIII. of the Chronicle, and in this MS. only occurs any other mention of him (M. H. B. 405). All the MSS. of the Chronicle however record the death of Abbot Feologeld in connexion with the appointment of Ceolnoth. Although the authority of the MS. Dom. A. VIII. is not so good as that of some of the other MSS., it ought to be trustworthy as regards Canterbury, and being supported by the authority of the ancient Lists, it has been accepted as conclusive although there are difficulties about it. The statement that the consecration took place on a Sunday is important; June 9th was not a Sunday in A.D. 829, but in A.D. 832, to which date the pontificate of Feologeld must be assigned, Wulfred's death being fixed to March in that year. This undesigned coincidence seems to show that the Chronicler had authority for his statement, although he has misplaced it. There are no coins of Feologeld, nor any charters in which his name appears as Archbishop. Instead of him, some of the later lists of the Archbishops mention Swithred (M. H. B. 616; Liber de Antiquis Legibus, p. 217); and in a copy of the ancient lists, in the Bodleian MS. (297) of Florence of Worcester, the name of Swithred is inserted as if it were a second name of Feologeld. Feologeld is unknown to Simeon of Durham, Henry of Huntingdon, Roger of Wendover, and the Chronicle of Melrose. He is recognized by William of Malmesbury, Ralph de Diceto, and all the Canterbury biographers. The very short time that intervened between the dates assigned to his promotion and death must account for this obscurity respecting him. As abbot, he attests many charters of the pontificates of Ethelheard and Wulfred, from A.D. 803 onwards. His abbey was a Kentish one (above, p. 547), and probably in Canterbury itself. VOL. III. Rr [CEOLNOTH ARCHBISHOP.] XVII. CEOLNOTH, A.D. 832-870. " ["Mid Godes gefe ercebiscop" (K. C. D., CCXXVIII, CCXXXI.). "Gratia Dei Archiepiscopus" (K. C. D., CCXXXIV. CCXL.). "Gratia Dei Metropolitanus Archiepiscopus' (K. C. D., CCLVI.). A.D. 833a. Elected June 29: consecrated Aug. 27 (Gervase, 1643; Ann. Roffenses, A.D. 835. Ceolnoth attests the will of Abba the reeve (K. C. D., CCXXXV.). A.D. 836. Ceolnoth attests a grant of liberties to Hanbury in an assembly of Bishops A.D. 837. Wigmund b becomes Archbishop of York. Ceolnoth attests the will of A.D. 838. Ceolnoth attests a grant of Egbert to Rochester (K. C. D., CCXXXIX.). A.D. 839. Death of Egbert and succession of Ethelwulf as King. Embassy of Ethelwulf to the Emperor Lewis. Ceolnoth attests a grant by Ethelwulf at " Wiæganweoras" (K. C. D., CCXLI.). Death of Wiglaf King of Mercia; succession of Berhtwulf a. A.D. 840, 841. Mercian and West-Saxon Witenagemots. A.D. 842. Ceolnoth attests a grant of land by Ethelwulf to Eanulf, made at Andredeseme (K. C. D., CCLIII.); and another to Ceolmund (K. C. D., CCLIV.). A.D. 844. Synod or Witenagemot at Canterbury (K. C. D., CCLVI. MXLVII.). Grant A.D. 845. Grant of Ethelwulf to Badanoth, Nov. 19 (K. C. D., CCLIX.). Mercian A.D. 847. Ethelwulf takes to himself a grant of land, with the consent of his Bishops A.D. 848. Mercian Witenagemot at Repton, attended by five Bishops (K. C. D., A.D. 850. Grant of Ethelwulf King of Wessex and Ethelstan King of Kent to Rochester, A.D. 852. Burhred becomes King of Mercia (Flor. Wig., M. H. B. 550). Ceolnoth attends a Mercian Witenagemot under Burhred (K. C. D., CCLXVII.). A.D. 853. Ceolnoth attests a grant of Ethelwulf to Ealhere (K. C. D., CCLXIX.); attested also by Ethelbert as King. [CEOLNOTH ARCHBISHOP.] A.D. 854. Charters of Ethelwulf rehearsing his gift of a tenth of the lands throughout his kingdom, April 22. A.D. 855. Ethelwulf frees the tenth part of his kingdom from taxation (Asser, M.H. B. 470). Ethelwulf goes to Romee (Ann. Bertin., Pertz, I. 449; Asser, M. H. B. 470). Charters of Ethelwulf rehearsing his liberation of the "decima mansio" from royal services, Nov. 5. A.D. 856. Ethelwulf is betrothed to Judith in July, and married Oct. I at Worms (Ann. Bertin., Pertz, I. 450). Ethelbald becomes King of the West-Saxons (Asser, M. H. B. 471). A.D. 858. Death of Ethelwulfs (Ann. Bertin., Pertz, I. 451). Ethelbert King in Kent (K. C. D., CCLXXXI.). Grant of Farnham by Swithun to Ethelbald (K. C. D., MLVIII.). A.D. 860. Death of Ethelbald: Ethelbert becomes sole King (Asser, M. H. B. 473). A.D. 861. Grant of Ethelbert to Worcester, attested by Ceolnoth and four Bishops (K. C. D., CCLXXXV.). A.D. 862. Ceolnoth attests a grant by Ethelbert to Dryhtwald in a Witenagemot A.D. 863. Ceolnoth and his clergy confirm a grant of Ethelbert to Ethelred of land at (K. C. D., MLIX.). A.D. 864. Grant of Burhred King of Mercia to Bishop Alhhun of Worcester, dated at A.D. 866. Ethelred succeeds Ethelbert (Asser, M. H. B. 473; Flor. Wig., M. H. B. A.D. 867. Ceolnoth attests a grant by Ethelred to Wighelm, priest at S. Martin's (K. C. D., CCXCIV.). A.D. 868. Witenagemot at Dorchester (K. C. D., MLXI.). Ceolnoth attests a grant A.D. 869. Mercian Witenagemot under Burhred (K. C. D., CCXCIX.). West-Saxon A.D. 870. Ceolnoth dies (Asser, M. H. B. 476), Feb. 4 (Ob. Cant., A. S., I. 53).] a The determination of the year of Ceolnoth's election and consecration must depend on that of the death of Feologeld; if Feologeld be thrown out of the list of Archbishops, Ceolnoth's date will fall back to A.D. 832; to which year it is referred by Roger of Wendover. According to the Canterbury chronologists his episcopate lasted 41 years, which however are calculated on the computation of the A. S. C. from A.D. 829 to A.D. 870. No dated charter exists in which the name of Ceolnoth occurs earlier than A.D. 833; but the 27th of August was not a Sunday in that year. It was so however in A.D. 831, and to that year, if the evidence of charters and the episcopate of Feologeld were to be rejected, it would be natural to refer the consecration. The point is very obscure, and it is not probable that it can ever be completely cleared up (see A. S., I. 4, 53, 97, 98). Gervase of Canterbury, who is the authority for the dates of Ceolnoth's election and consecration, says that he had been dean of the Church of Canterbury: a statement which, if true, gives us the first mention of such an office in the English Church; it is however possible that in this point the chronicler has confused Ceolnoth with Ethelnoth who bore that title two centuries later (Gervase, cc. 1643, 1650). b The date of Wigmund's promotion must [CEOLNOTH ARCHBISHOP.] be calculated from the ascertained date of his death; he died in A.D. 854 (R. Wendover, ad an.), after a pontificate of 16 years (Sim. Dun., Hist. Dun. c. 78). e Ethelwulf's first year after his father's death was A.D. 839 (K. C. D., CCXL.); as the beginning of Egbert's reign must be dated A.D. 802, and the length of it was 37 years and 7 months, his death cannot be placed earlier than the middle of A.D. 839. d Berhtwulf's accession, computed by his regnal years, must have been in A.D. 839; in K. C. D. CCXLIV., A.D. 840 is his second year; in K. C. D. CCXLVII., A.D. 841 his third; in K. C. D. CCLVII., A.D. 844 is his fourth; in K. C. D. CCLXVI., A.D. 851 is his thirteenth; and his death in A.D. 852 (Flor. Wig., M. H. B. 550) is placed in his thirteenth year by Florence (App. M. H. B. 638). From the position in the Annales Bertiniani given to the reception of Ethelwulf by the Emperor we must conclude that he left England early in the year, and this inference is fatal to the authenticity of the charters dated late in the year: on this point see below, p. 640. If he remained in Rome a year and had returned to Germany by July A.D. 856, the same inference follows. It is probable that the reign of Ethelbald should be computed from the year of his father's departure to Rome, A.D. 855, in which case his five years would terminate in A.D. 860, the year assigned by Asser to his death, and confirmed by the negative evidence of charters. "Edilulf, Rex Occidentalium Anglorum, Roma rediens, Judith filiam Karli Regis mense Julio desponsatam, calendis Octobribus in Vermeria palatio in matrimonium accipit, et eam, Ingmaro Durocortori Remorum Episcopo benedicente, imposito capiti ejus diademate Reginæ nomine insignit, quod sibi suæque genti eatenus fuerat insuetum; patratoque regiis apparatibus utrinque atque muneribus matrimonio, cum ea Britanniam, regni sui ditionem, navigio repetiit." (Ann. Bertin., Pertz, I. 450.) The forms of Benediction of Judith as wife and Queen are extant among the capitularies of Charles the Bald (ed. Baluze, vol. II. coll. 209-212). The day of Ethelwulf's death is given by Florence as January 13th (M. H. B., 552). One MS. however gives June 13th instead. He reigned eighteen years and a half (A. S. C., M. H. B. 348), which calculated from the middle of A.D. 839 would agree with the earlier date. A charter bearing his name and, although otherwise seemingly authentic, dated in A.D. 859 (K. C. D., ČČLXXXII.), must be rejected as spurious or corrupt. years of the reign of Ethelbert, who succeeded his father in Kent in A.D. 858 and his brother Ethelbald in Wessex in A.D. 860, are calculated from the latter date; he reigned five years (Flor. Wig., M. H. B. 553; Asser, M. H. B. 473), and died in A.D. 866 (Asser, M. H. B. 473). The A.D. 833. Witenagemot of Kent under Egbert, in which the King makes a grant to Abbot Dunne and his companions at Sandona. [K. C. D., CCXXXIV.] a This is attested by Archbishop Ceolnoth, and three Bishops-Beornmod of Rochester, Alhstan of Sherborne, and Cenred of Selsey. A.D. 833. Dec. 26. Grant of confirmation made by Egbert at Dorchester, of land at Wennland, in an assembly of Bishops and othersa. [K. C. D., CCXXXII.] 66 a This charter is stated to be drawn up cum consensu et communi consilio episco porum et principum meorum ac totius plebis meæ seniorum." It is attested by Egbert himself, and Bishop Alhstan of Sherborne only. |