[LAWS OF INE, TOUCHING THE CHURCH.] heorde pe se mon on bið to middum wintra. BE DON GIF MON OÐRES GOD-SUNU SLEA ODƉE HIS GOD-fæder. LXXVI. Gif hwa oðres god-sunu slea oppe his god-fæder, sie sio mæg-bot and sio man-bot gelic. Weaxe sio bot be þam were, swa ilce swa sio man-bot de pe pam hlaforde sceal. Gif hit ponne kyninges god-sunu sie, bete be his were pam cyninge swa ilce swa þære mægðe. Gif he ponne on pone geonbyrde pe hine slog, ponne ætfealle sio bot pæm godfæder swa ilce swa þæt wite pam hlaforde deð. Gif hit Biscepsunu sie, sie be healfum þam. and to the hearth that the man is at at mid-winter. IN CASE A MAN SLAY ANOTHER'S GODSON OR HIS GODFATHER. 76. If any one slay another's godson or his godfather, let the 'mæg-bōt' and the man-bōt' be alike. Let the bōt' increase according to the 'wer,' in like manner as the 'man-bōt' does, which is due to the lord. But if it be a king's godson, let him make 'bōt' to the king according to his 'wer,' in like manner as to the kindred. If, however, he strive against him who slew him, then let the bot' to the godfather decrease in like manner as the 'wite' to the lord does. If it be a Bishop-sonb, let it be half of this. [Thorpe, Ancient Laws, pp. 45-65, from Textus Roffensis; S., I. pp. 182 −188; W., I. 58, 59, and IV. App. PP. 744, 745; Lambarde's Archaionomia, p. 1; Wilkins, Ll. Anglo-Sax. pp. 14-27; Schmid, pp. 20–57; see also W. Malm., G. R., I. 2, f. 7, Savile.] a Ine succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex A.D. 688 (Flor. Wig., A. S. C.), and Bishop Erkenwald of London died A.D. 693 (B. IV. 11, and Smith ad loc.). The absence of the Archbishop of Canterbury needs no accounting for, as the assembly was a provincial Witenagemot of Wessex only; but, not to resort to the fact that there was a fierce war between Kent and Wessex, A.D. 687-694, which would have prevented a Kentish prelate from entering the latter kingdom (cf. Johnson, Eng. Canons, I. p. 130, editor's note *); I. it is most probable that Ine's laws were made after he had become a little settled in his kingdom, and therefore hardly before Theodore's death in A.D. 690 and 2. after that date there was, during Erkenwald's life, no Archbishop to come to him. Erkenwald's presence, and the description of him by Ine, as "his Bishop," seem to imply that the East-Saxons were at this time subject to Wessex; as in A.D. 666, when Wini bought the see of London from Wulfhere, and again generally after the present date, they were to Mercia. It is true that Mercia usually ruled over at least London and Middlesex (W. Malm., G. R., I. f. 18, Savile), and East-Saxons were usually subject to "aliis regibus et maxime Merciis;" but Ine is represented as ravaging both Kent (A.D. 688 -694) and East-Anglia (W. Malm., G. R., I. f. 7, Savile), which seems to imply at least a temporary supremacy over Essex, which lay right in his path. The letter of Waldhere Bishop of London, A.D. 704 X 705 (see below), shows that such supremacy had been then followed by violent quarrels, which a conference at Brentford was to settle. Erkenwald's life be prolonged until a later date than A.D. 693, the omission of Ine in the letter of Pope Sergius to the English If [WILFRID'S SECOND EXILE.] kings in behalf of Brihtwald in A.D. 693 may be the counterpart to the omission of Brihtwald himself from Ine's Witenagemot and laws, and the same reason may account for both. Perhaps the vacancy of the see of Canterbury, and Erkenwald's connexion with A.D. 691a. Wilfrid again expelled from Northumbria. rel. 1. on ac Peter's, York, Wilfrid to obey crees. Wilfrid and King EDD. V. Wilfr. XLIV.-Nam antiquæ inimicitiæ suaEaldfrith quar- sores, quasi de sopore somni excitati, mare hujus seculi count of certain in gaudio serenum, procella flante turbinis, invidiæ folliproperty of S. culo ad triste naufragium moventes, et facem dissensecularized by sionis extinctam resuscitavere. Quippe inter Regem the King; 2. of sapientissimum, et sanctum virum prædictum aliquando the attempt to establish a Bi- pax et securitas, et pene omnis boni gaudium abundashopric at Ripon; 3. of a de- vit: aliquando vero aliquod spatium olla fervente nequimand made upon tiæ plures deterioravit; et sic iterum in concordia, Theodore's de- atque iterum in discordia, alternatim per multos annos in tali vicissitudine viventes manebant, usque dum postremo maxima flamma inimicitiæ exardescente, de regione UltraHumbrensium sanctus homo Dei a Rege Alfritho expulsus recessit. Nam prima causa est dissensionis eorum de antiqua origine descendens, quia ecclesia, quæ sancto Petro Apostolo dedicata est, territoriis et possessionibus suis injuste privatur. Secunda causa est, ut monasterium supradictum, quod in privilegium nobis donabatur, in Episcopalem sedem transmutatur; et libertatem relinquere, quam sanctus Agatho, et quinque Reges censuerunt fixe ac firmiter possidere. Tertia deinde causa est, ut jussionibus et decretis Theodori Archiepiscopi ab Apostolica sede missi oportere cogebat obedire, non illa significans canonica statuta, quæ in principio Episcopatus sui apud nos degens, aut in novissimis temporibus vitæ suæ constituit, quando omnes Ecclesias nostras ad canonicam pacem unanimiter vocavit: sed magis ea decreta, quæ mediis temporibus suis, quando discordia inter nos in Brytania exorta fuerat, statuit. Wilfrid flies to Ideo sanctus Pontifex noster hæc renuens, ad amicum Mercia, and be- fidelem Ethelredum regem Merciorum accessit, qui eum comes Bishop of Leicester, Saxulf cum magno honore propter reverentiam Apostolicæ sedis being just dead. suscepit; et in multa reverentia episcopatus ejus, quem reverentissimus Sexwlfus Episcopus vita obeunte ante regebat, sub protectione Dei et illius degens mansit. [Ed. Gale, p. 75, collated with the Bodleian MS. Fell. 1; see B. H. E., V. 19; W., I. 65.] [FIRST FOREIGN MISSIONS.] a Wilfrid consecrated Oftfor Bishop of Worcester in A.D. 691, whilst administering the see of the Mediterranei Angli (B, IV. 23), i. e. Leicester; in the vacancy of Canterbury between Theodore and Brihtwald. Wilfrid and Hedda both sign a charter of Ethelred, a relation of Sebbi King of the East Saxons, in March, A.D. 692 or 693 (K., C. D. XXXV.). Hedda had succeeded to the see of Lichfield on Sexulf's death, Sexulf having reunited the sees of Leicester and Lichfield on the death of Cuthwin. Bosa appears to have resumed the see of York on Wilfrid's departure, holding it until A.D. 705, when he died, and was succeeded by John of Beverley, Bishop of Hexham. A.D. 692. Mission of Willibrord, with eleven others, to Frisia; and of the two Hewalds to the mother country of the Saxons immediately afterwards. Consecration of Suidbert to the Bishopric of the Frisians by Wilfrid, then in exile in Mercia; Brihtwald being abroad for consecration, but not yet consecrated, to the see of Canterbury: A.D. 693. June x August. BÆD. H. E., V. 9, 10, 11.-Eo tempore venerabilis et cum omni honorificentia nominandus famulus Christi et sacerdos Ecgberct, quem in Hibernia insula peregrinam ducere vitam pro adipiscenda in cœlis patria retulimus; proposuit animo pluribus prodesse; id est, inito opere apostolico, verbum Dei aliquibus earum quæ nondum audierant gentibus evangelizando committere: quarum in Germania plurimas noverat esse nationes, a quibus Angli vel Saxones qui nunc Brittaniam incolunt, genus et originem duxisse noscuntur; unde hactenus a vicina gente Brittonum corrupte Garmani nuncupantur. Sunt autem Fresones, Rugini, Danai, Hunni, Antiqui Saxones, Boructuaria: sunt alii perplures hisdem in partibus populi paganis adhuc ritibus servientes, ad quos venire præfatus Christi miles circumnavigata Brittania disposuit, si quos forte ex illis ereptos Satanæ ad Christum transferre valeret; vel si hoc fieri non posset, Romam venire ad videnda atque adoranda beatorum apostolorum ac martyrum Christi limina cogitavit. Sed ne aliquid horum perficeret, superna illi oracula simul et opera restiterunt. Siquidem electis sociis strenuissimis et ad prædicandum verbum idoneis, utpote actione simul et eruditione præclaris, præparatisque omnibus quæ navigantibus esse necessaria videbantur, venit die quadam mane primo ad eum unus de fratribus, discipulus quondam in Brittania, et minister Deo dilecti sacerdotis Boisili, cum esset idem Boisil præpositus monasterii Mailrosensis sub abbate Eata, ut supra narravimus, referens ei visionem quæ sibi eadem nocte apparuisset: "Cum expletis," inquiens, "hymnis matutina [MISSIONS TO THE FRISIANS AND OLD SAXONS.] libus in lectulo membra posuissem, ac levis mihi somnus obrepsisset, apparuit magister quondam meus et nutritor amantissimus Boisil, interrogavitque me, an eum cognoscere possem. Aio, Etiam: tu es enim Boisil. At ille: Ad hoc,' inquit, veni, ut responsum Domini Salvatoris Ecgbercto adferam, quod te tamen referente oportet ad illum venire. Dic ergo illi quia non valet iter quod proposuit, implere: Dei enim voluntatis est ut ad Columbæ monasteria magis pergat docenda."" Erat autem Columba primus doctor fidei Christianæ transmontanis Pictis ad aquilonem, primusque fundator monasterii quod in Hii insula multis diu Scottorum Pictorumque populis venerabile mansit. Qui videlicet Columba nunc a nonnullis composito a Cella' et Columba' nomine Columcelli vocatur. Audiens autem verba visionis Ecgberct, præcepit fratri qui retulerat ne cuiquam hæc alteri referret, ne forte inlusoria esset visio. Ipse autem tacitus rem considerans, veram esse timebat: nec tamen a præparando itinere, quo ad gentes docendas iret, cessare volebat. At post dies paucos rursum venit ad eum præfatus frater, dicens quia et ea nocte sibi post expletos matutinos Boisil per visum apparuerit: dicens, "Quare tam negligenter ac tepide dixisti Ecgbercto quæ tibi dicenda præcepi? At nunc vade, et dic illi quia, velit nolit, debet ad monasteria Columbæ venire, quia aratra eorum non recte incedunt: oportet autem eum ad rectum hæc tramitem revocare." Qui hæc audiens denuo præcepit fratri, ne hæc cui patefaceret. Ipse vero tametsi certus est factus de visione, nihilominus tentavit iter dispositum cum fratribus memoratis incipere. Cumque jam navi imposuissent quæ tanti itineris necessitas poscebat, atque opportunos aliquot dies ventos exspectarent, facta est nocte quadam tam sæva tempestas, quæ perditis nonnulla ex parte his quæ in navi erant rebus, ipsam in littus jacentem inter undas relinqueret: salvata sunt tamen omnia quæ erant Ecgbercti, et sociorum ejus. Tum ipse quasi propheticum illud dicens, Quia propter me est tempestas hæc,' subtraxit se illi profectioni, et remanere domi passus est. At vero unus de sociis ejus, vocabulo Victberct, cum esset et ipse contemptu mundi ac doctrinæ scientia insignis, nam multos annos in Hibernia peregrinus anachoreticam in magna perfectione vitam egerat, ascendit navem, et Fresiam perveniens duobus annis continuis genti illi ac regi ejus Rathbedob verbum salutis prædicabat, neque aliquem tanti laboris fructum apud barbaros invenit auditores. Tunc reversus ad dilectæ locum peregrinationis, solito in silentio vacare [MISSIONS TO THE FRISIANS AND OLD SAXONS.] Domino cœpit; et quoniam externis prodesse ad fidem non poterat, suis amplius ex virtutum exemplis prodesse curabat. Ut autem vidit vir Domini Ecgberct, quia nec ipse ad prædicandum gentibus venire permittebatur, retentus ob aliam sanctæ ecclesiæ utilitatem de qua oraculo fuerat præmonitus; nec Victberct illas deveniens in partes, quicquam proficiebat: tentavit adhuc in opus verbi mittere viros sanctos et industrios, in quibus eximius Vilbrorde presbyterii gradu et merito præfulgebat. Qui cum illo advenissent, erant autem numero duodecim", divertentes ad Pippinum ducem Francorum, gratanter ab illo suscepti sunt: et quia nuper citeriorem Fresiam, expulso inde Rathbedo rege, ceperat, illo eos ad prædicandum misite; ipse quoque imperiali auctoritate juvans, ne qui prædicantibus quicquam molestiæ inferret; multisque eos qui fidem suscipere vellent beneficiis adtollens: unde factum est, opitulante gratia divina, ut multos in brevi ab idolatria ad fidem converterent Christi. Horum secuti exempla duo quidam presbyteri de natione Anglorum, qui in Hibernia multo tempore pro æterna patria exulaverant, venerunt ad provinciam antiquorum Saxonum, si forte aliquos ibidem prædicando Christo adquirere possent. Erant autem unius ambo, sicut devotionis, sic etiam vocabuli: nam uterque eorum appellabatur Hewald; ea tamen distinctione, ut pro diversa capillorum specie unus Niger Hewald, alter Albus Hewald diceretur: quorum uterque pietate religionis imbutus, sed Niger Hewald magis sacrarum litterarum erat scientia institutus. Qui venientes in provinciam, intraverunt hospitium cujusdam villici, petieruntque ab eo, ut transmitterentur ad satrapam qui super eum erat, eo quod haberent aliquid legationis et causæ utilis, quod deberent ad illum perferre. Non enim habent regem iidem Antiqui Saxones, sed satrapas plurimos suæ genti præpositos, qui ingruente belli articulo mittunt æqualiter sortes, et quemcumque sors ostenderit, hunc tempore belli ducem omnes sequuntur, huic obtemperant; peracto autem bello, rursum æqualis potentiæ omnes fiunt satrapæ. Suscepit ergo eos villicus, et promittens se mittere eos ad satrapam qui super se erat, ut petebant, aliquot diebus secum retinuit. Qui cum cogniti essent a barbaris quod essent alterius religionis, nam et psalmis semper atque orationibus vacabant, et quotidie sacrificium Deo victimæ salutaris offerebant, habentes secum vascula sacra et tabulam altaris vice dedicatam, suspecti sunt habiti, quia si |